CN222971561U - A double-cone oriented self-centering tool - Google Patents

Abstract

A double-conical-surface directional self-centering tool comprises a structure for fixing a workpiece by three claws, and comprises a circular bottom plate dividing plate, wherein three T-shaped grooves are formed in the circular bottom plate dividing plate, a pull plate is installed in each T-shaped groove, a T-shaped rail embedded in each T-shaped groove is arranged on the outer surface of each pull plate, a T-shaped groove is formed in the center of each pull plate in the length direction, the circle center of the circular bottom plate of each pull plate is a diagonal T-shaped rail, a step hole is formed in the center of the circular bottom plate, a centering ring is installed on an outer diameter step of each step hole, three grooves are formed in the circumference of each centering ring and correspond to the diagonal T-shaped rail of the circular bottom plate of each three pull plates, inclined faces which are matched with the lower ends of the diagonal T-shaped rails are formed in each groove, the diagonal T-shaped groove structures of the 3 pull plates are aligned with the circle centers of the bottom plates, the diagonal T-shaped rails are respectively inserted into the corresponding T-shaped grooves on the bottom plates, the centering rings are placed in the center holes of the bottom plates, the centering rings are pressed downwards, and the pull plates are continuously pressed into the center holes of the bottom plates, and the center holes of the bottom plates are continuously moved towards the circle centers.

Description

Double-conical-surface directional self-centering tool

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a double-conical surface directional self-centering tool, which is used for machining a machining plate supporting box of a triaxial vertical machining center.

Background

The plate supporting box (and similar annular parts, which need higher machining precision) is a necessary component of a modern aeroengine, the plate supporting box is a double-annular part, connecting pieces which are uniformly or unevenly distributed are arranged between the double-annular part, such as supporting plates (which can be blades), and the inner runner, the outer runner and the supporting plates of the plate supporting box are subjected to milling processing (shown in fig. 1, namely the double-annular part and the supporting plates) in the production process, so that a large amount of materials are required to be removed, and meanwhile, the dimensional precision of the runners and the supporting plates is ensured.

Because the design requirement of modern aeroengine, the inner runner and the outer runner of the support plate casing are similar to cones under most conditions, and the section of the support plate is similar to a spindle body, so that during machining, a workpiece cannot be directly machined by using three-axis or four-axis machining equipment, five-axis machining equipment is required to ensure that the workpiece is completely machined according to the design requirement, huge cost is increased, and because the limitation of the rotary main shaft head structure of a five-axis machine tool (the general support plate casing needs a gantry five-axis machining center), the cutter overhang is very long, sudden conditions such as cutter vibration and the like are very easy to occur in the machining process, the cutter is damaged, and the efficiency is low.

The three-axis machining center is simple and clear, and is provided with X, Y, Z axes, the five-axis machining center is additionally provided with a rotating shaft and a swinging shaft on the basis of three axes, the rotating shaft can be an A axis or a B axis or a C axis (the axes rotating around X, Y, Z are respectively called an A axis, a B axis and a C axis), the rotating shaft can rotate by 360 degrees, the swinging shaft is one (such as the B axis or the C axis) of the two axes except for the rotating shaft which is defined (such as the A axis), and the swinging shaft can only swing within a certain angle (such as plus or minus 90 degrees) but cannot rotate by 360 degrees. In summary, five axes of a five-axis machining center typically have three ways XYZAB, XYZAC, or XYZBC.

Compared with the traditional triaxial machining center, the five-axis numerical control machining center has higher efficiency and better machining surface quality, some workpieces which cannot be machined by the triaxial machining center can be machined by the five-axis machining center, the five axes can keep the optimal cutting state of the cutter, the cutting condition is improved, the condition that the cutter interferes with the triaxial machining center and cannot meet the technological requirements due to interference is avoided, therefore, the parts such as impellers, blades and blisks applied to the aerospace field cannot be machined generally, the five-axis machining center can use shorter cutters for machining, the rigidity of a system is improved, the number of cutters is reduced, the generation of special cutters is avoided, and the interference of the cutters is effectively avoided.

The five-axis machining center can reduce reference conversion and clamping times, and finish five-face machining by one-time clamping, but the working cost of the five axes is high, the working time cost is high, the machining efficiency is low, and if the machining efficiency is generally long and automatic machining, the whole workpiece can be scrapped due to a defect of one point of quality xia.

Disclosure of utility model

In order to solve the above problems, the present utility model aims to provide a tooling for replacing five-axis machining of a plate supporting box (the structure in fig. 1 comprises an air outlet side A, an air inlet side B, a supporting plate C, an outer flow path D and an inner flow path E), wherein machining of the plate supporting box can be completed on a three-axis vertical machining center of 805.

The technical scheme of the utility model is that the double-cone directional self-centering tool consists of a base part, a slewing mechanism, a self-centering mechanism and a double-cone angular positioning mechanism. The three-jaw type workpiece fixture comprises a three-jaw workpiece fixture structure, and comprises a circular bottom plate dividing plate, wherein three T-shaped grooves are uniformly formed in a bottom plate on the dividing plate, a pull plate is respectively arranged in each T-shaped groove, the outer surface of the pull plate is a T-shaped rail embedded in each T-shaped groove, the center of the pull plate is provided with a T-shaped groove in the length direction, and the position, close to the center of the circle of the circular bottom plate, of the pull plate is an inclined T-shaped rail; the center of the circular bottom plate is provided with a step hole, a centering ring is arranged on the outer diameter step of the step hole, three grooves are arranged on the circumference of the centering ring corresponding to the inclined T-shaped rail of the center of the circular bottom plate, inclined planes which are matched with the lower ends of the inclined T-shaped rails are arranged on the grooves, the center of the centering ring aligns the inclined T-shaped groove structures of the 3 pull plates with the center of the bottom plate, T-shaped blocks are respectively inserted into the corresponding T-shaped grooves on the bottom plate, the centering ring is pushed to a proper position in the center direction of the center, the centering ring is placed in the center hole of the bottom plate, the inclined T-shaped groove head positions of the 3 pull plates are adjusted, the 3 pull plates are all installed in the corresponding inclined T-shaped grooves on the centering ring, the centering ring is pressed downwards, the pull plates are continuously pressed into the center hole of the bottom plate along with the centering ring under the action of the inclined T-shaped grooves, the pull plates are continuously moved towards the center, a 4 th screw is pressed on the bottom plate, the 3 rd screw passes through the center hole of the bottom plate and is screwed into the centering ring, after the centering ring is screwed into the proper position, the 2 nd screw is pushed to the proper position, the 3 pull plates are fixed on the upper baffle plate and the 3 pull plates are fixed on the T-shaped plates, the T-shaped plates are fixed between the T-shaped plates and the T-shaped plates through the proper position of the baffle plate and the T-shaped plate through the centering plate, and the proper stop block are rotated by the proper position, and the baffle plate are arranged on the T-shaped plate through the baffle plate and the T-shaped plate through the corresponding plate, the distance from the 3 blocks to the circle center is ensured to be equal when the blocks are installed.

Roughly turning or milling a plate supporting box blank, namely, a double-circular ring of a workpiece and a circle of an inner circular ring and an outer circular ring of a box with a plate supporting structure between the double-circular ring, namely, semi-finish turning an air outlet side flow surface, an appearance surface, a semi-finish turning air inlet side flow surface and an inner cavity of the inner circular ring of the box, and expanding an angular positioning hole;

Rough milling is carried out on an inner cavity and a runner of a workpiece on a triaxial vertical machining center, residual remains are reserved at the joint positions of an inner runner, an outer runner and a support plate of the workpiece and the runner, a reference surface is polished, an air outlet side flow surface and an appearance surface are semi-finely turned, and then an air inlet side flow surface and the inner cavity are semi-finely turned, so that semi-fine machining of the workpiece in a turning working procedure is completed;

After finishing the reaming processing of the positioning pin hole of the workpiece on the triaxial vertical machining center, mounting the tool on a triaxial machine tool, and starting half finish milling of an air outlet side inner cavity after the workpiece is mounted, finishing the processing of one exposed side by rotating a handle of a manual rotary table and matching with the positioning pin positioning by double conical surfaces, finishing the half finish milling of the air inlet side inner cavity by the same method, finishing the half finish machining process of the whole part, and completely removing the residual quantity left by rough milling;

The method comprises the steps of re-polishing a reference surface, finely turning in place the runner part of the air outlet side runner surface of a workpiece, which exceeds the runner part of the support plate, in the same way, finely turning in place the runner part of the air inlet side runner surface of the workpiece, which exceeds the support plate, clamping the workpiece on a tool of a machine tool, designing a positioning structure of a sliding block and a positioning pin on the tool, machining one inner cavity area of the air outlet side (the machining surface seen by the top view of the workpiece) of the workpiece into place after the clamping of the workpiece is finished, rotating a manual turntable by a certain angle, positioning by a double-conical surface positioning device, machining the other inner cavity (adjacent) again, and finally finishing the machining of all inner cavities with support plate structures between double rings, wherein the curved surfaces of the inner cavities are connected together, and finishing the machining of the air inlet side inner cavity (the machining surface seen by the bottom view of the workpiece) of the workpiece in the same way.

After finishing finish milling the inner cavity, placing the workpiece for a period of time in a free state, starting finish turning the workpiece, finish turning the outer shape surface of the air outlet side of the workpiece in place, turning the workpiece over, and finish turning the inner cavity surface of the air inlet side. Finish turning of the part is completed.

After the air outlet side mounting side holes are drilled according to requirements, turning over the workpiece, machining the air inlet side mounting side holes by adopting a clamping mode of one surface and two pins, clamping, removing burrs, burrs and the like in the machining process, finally, sending the qualified workpiece into a total inspection to finally inspect all the sizes of the workpiece, and warehousing after the qualified workpiece is qualified. Thus, the whole workpiece is processed.

The machining method has the beneficial effects that the machining method is matched with a special tool for machining the aircraft engine support plate casing by adopting the double conical surfaces to eliminate the positioning and repeated positioning gaps, and the design and the use of the new technology and the tool are provided, the machining cost of the casing can be greatly reduced, the workpiece can be rapidly and stably clamped by using the double conical surfaces to orient and self-center the tool, and the cost of labor, investment of expensive equipment, operation, programming and the like is saved. The utility model can completely replace a five-axis machining center to machine the plate supporting box and match with corresponding tools, in particular to a double-conical-surface directional self-centering tool for positioning and indexing, and the bottom plate 31 of the self-centering mechanism is aligned with the manual turntable 23 to be concentric, so that the manual turntable 23 of the workpiece 26 to be machined is concentric at the moment, and the machining precision is ensured. On the triaxial vertical machining center, machining of the plate supporting box is finished through one set of tool, the machining absolute speed of the plate supporting box is superior to that of five shafts, and the efficiency is higher.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a finished workpiece waiting to be processed;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a base portion structure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a swing mechanism;

fig. 4 shows a schematic self-centering structure, wherein the inclined T-shaped slot 34 of 3 pull plates 35 is aligned with the center of the bottom plate.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a double-cone angular positioning mechanism;

fig. 6 is a 3D view of the present utility model for mounting a workpiece to a tool.

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the centering ring structure.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pull plate, wherein the pull plate is provided with an inclined T-shaped groove rail 34-1, an inner T-shaped groove 34-2 and an outer T-shaped groove 34-3;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base plate.

Detailed Description

According to the design of the tooling, the tooling which can finish machining the support plate casing on the triaxial vertical machining center is designed according to the action of the main shaft head of the support plate casing machined by the five-axis machining center and according to the swinging direction and the swinging angle of the main shaft head, as shown in fig. 6. The tool has the functions of accurate positioning, repeated error-free positioning, automatic centering and the like.

The tool mainly comprises a base part, a slewing mechanism, a self-centering mechanism and a double-conical angular positioning mechanism.

(1) Base portion

The base portion of fig. 2 is formed by fixing the support plate to the base with an included angle in two directions by a 6 th screw and a positioning pin. The angles of the base in two directions need to be determined by comprehensively considering the stroke of the machine tool, the form of the cutter handle, the angles of the inner and outer runners, the avoidance angle and other factors.

(2) Rotary mechanism

As shown in FIG. 3, the turning mechanism is characterized in that a bottom plate is fixed on a manual turntable through a No. 5 screw and a No. 2T-shaped block, and the turntable is turned by turning a handle on the manual turntable so as to obtain different angles.

(3) Self-centering mechanism

The self-centering mechanism is a three-jaw workpiece fixing structure, and comprises a circular bottom plate dividing plate, three T-shaped grooves are uniformly formed in the bottom plate, a pull plate is arranged in each T-shaped groove, the outer surface of the pull plate is a T-shaped rail embedded in the T-shaped groove, the center of the pull plate is provided with a T-shaped groove in the length direction, the center of the pull plate close to the circular bottom plate is an inclined T-shaped rail, the center of the circular bottom plate is a step hole, a centering ring is arranged on an outer diameter step of the step hole, three grooves are formed in the circumference of the centering ring and correspond to the inclined T-shaped rail close to the center of the circular bottom plate, and inclined planes which are matched with the lower ends of the inclined T-shaped rails are arranged on each groove. The center of the centering ring aligns the inclined T-shaped groove structure of the 3 pull plates with the center of the bottom plate, the T-shaped blocks are respectively inserted into the corresponding T-shaped grooves on the bottom plate, the T-shaped blocks are pushed to the proper positions in the direction of the center of the circle, the centering ring is placed in the center hole of the bottom plate, meanwhile, the positions of the inclined T-shaped groove heads of the 3 pull plates are adjusted, the 3 pull plates are all placed in the corresponding inclined T-shaped grooves on the centering ring, the centering ring is pressed downwards, and the pull plates are continuously pressed into the center hole of the bottom plate along with the centering ring under the action of the inclined T-shaped grooves, so that the pull plates continuously move towards the center of the circle. The cover plate is pressed on the bottom plate by the 4 th screw, the 3 rd screw penetrates through the central hole of the cover plate and is screwed into the centering ring, and after the centering ring is screwed into the proper position, the baffle ring is fixed on the cover plate by the 2 nd screw according to the mode of fig. 5 (the 3 rd screw can rotate between the baffle ring and the cover plate). The 3 check blocks are respectively arranged at the proper positions of the 3 pull plates, and are fixed on the pull plates through the 1 st screw and the 1 st T-shaped block plugged into the inner T-shaped groove of the pull plates.

As shown in fig. 4, the structure of the inclined T-shaped groove 34 of the 3 pull plates 35 is aligned to the center of the bottom plate, the T-shaped blocks are respectively inserted into the corresponding T-shaped grooves on the bottom plate, the T-shaped blocks are pushed to the proper positions in the direction of the center of the circle, the centering ring is placed in the center hole of the bottom plate, and meanwhile, the head positions of the inclined T-shaped grooves of the 3 pull plates are adjusted, so that the 3 pull plates are all placed in the corresponding inclined T-shaped grooves on the centering ring, and the centering ring is pressed downwards, so that the pull plates are continuously pressed into the center hole of the bottom plate along with the centering ring under the action of the inclined T-shaped grooves, and the pull plates continuously move towards the center of the circle. The cover plate is pressed on the bottom plate by the 4 th screw, the 3 rd screw penetrates through the central hole of the cover plate and is screwed into the centering ring, and after the centering ring is screwed into the proper position, the baffle ring is fixed on the cover plate by the 2 nd screw according to the mode of fig. 5 (the 3 rd screw can rotate between the baffle ring and the cover plate). The 3 check blocks are respectively arranged at the proper positions of the 3 pull plates, and are fixed on the pull plates through the 1 st screw and the 1 st T-shaped block plugged into the inner T-shaped groove of the pull plates.

When the 3 rd screw is rotated, the stop block moves back and forth far from and near to the center of the circle by the up and down movement of the centering ring and the oblique T-shaped connection between the centering ring and the pull plate.

Note that the distances from the 3 blocks to the center of the circle are all equal when the blocks are installed.

(4) Double-conical-surface angular positioning mechanism

The fixing device comprises a circular bottom plate index plate and a supporting plate, wherein taper holes are uniformly formed in the circumferences of the circular bottom plate index plate and the supporting plate, taper pin parts of cylindrical taper pins are inserted into the taper holes of the supporting plate, so that the taper surfaces of the cylindrical taper pins are attached to the taper surfaces of the supporting plate, a gasket is arranged on the bottom surface in a cushioning mode, a 7 th screw is penetrated for tensioning, and a nut is screwed with the 7 th screw after a central hole of a clip penetrates into the cylindrical part of the cylindrical taper pins.

As shown in fig. 5, the indexing ring is rotated to a proper position, so that the taper holes on the indexing ring are basically concentric with the taper holes of the supporting plate (the two taper holes are core components of the double-taper angle positioning mechanism), the taper pin of the cylindrical taper pin (the taper is 1:50 taper to reduce cost and improve positioning accuracy) is partially inserted into the taper holes of the supporting plate, the taper surface of the cylindrical taper pin is attached to the taper surface of the supporting plate, a washer is padded on the bottom surface, a 7 th screw is penetrated for tightening, and then the center hole of the cartridge clip (the high-accuracy standard cartridge clip of ER32 is adopted here) is penetrated into the cylindrical portion of the cylindrical taper pin and then the nut is screwed.

In the process of screwing the nut to press down the cartridge clip, as the indexing ring is connected to the manual rotary table through the bottom plate, after the handle of the manual rotary table is loosened, the worm wheel of the manual rotary table and the worm are in a certain clearance (the size of the clearance can be properly adjusted), so that the indexing ring is in a certain rotation degree of freedom, when the nut is pressed down, the cartridge clip is only moved downwards because the cartridge clip is already fixed on the cylindrical conical pin on the supporting plate, and when the conical surface of the cartridge clip presses against the conical surface of the indexing ring, the indexing ring rotates around the circle center in a small angle, so that the conical surface of the cartridge clip is attached to the conical surface of the indexing ring, and the indexing ring reaches an accurate position (at the moment, the conical hole of the indexing ring and the conical hole of the supporting plate are just in a concentric position), thereby completing the double-conical-surface angular positioning process.

Firstly, through rough turning, the allowance of a workpiece is quickly removed, the appearance and the inner cavity of the workpiece are quickly formed under the condition of meeting the requirement of machining allowance, then the inner cavity and the runner of the workpiece are roughly machined on a triaxial vertical machining center, at the moment, the inner and outer runners of the workpiece, particularly the joint position of a support plate and the runner, remain by larger allowance, but the allowance has small influence on the deformation of a subsequently machined part for a support plate box with relatively thicker wall thickness, the deformation is not considered, the stress is removed directly after rough milling, the reference surface is polished out by the workpiece after the stress removal heat treatment, then the semi-finish turning of the air outlet side runner surface and the appearance surface is started, and then the semi-finish turning of the air inlet side runner surface and the inner cavity is completed, so that the semi-finish machining of the workpiece in the turning working procedure is completed.

After finishing the reaming processing of the locating pin hole on the vertical machining center, the tooling of fig. 6 is arranged on a triaxial (805) machine tool, the workpiece can be installed as required to begin half finish milling of the air outlet side inner cavity, the machining of the air outlet side inner cavity is finished by rotating the handle of the manual rotary table and matching with the positioning pin with the double conical surface contact locating pin, the half finish milling of the air inlet side inner cavity can be finished by the same method, so that the half finish machining process of the whole part is finished, in the process, the residual amount left by rough milling is completely removed, the residual amount of all places is uniform and always presented by the current workpiece, and the preparation work of the subsequent finish machining is finished.

And placing the workpiece in a free state for a period of time, releasing some stress in the free state, re-lighting the reference surface of the workpiece, finely turning the part of the outlet side flow surface of the workpiece, which exceeds the flow passage of the support plate, in place, and finely turning the part of the inlet side flow surface of the workpiece, which exceeds the flow passage of the support plate, in place in the same manner. The workpiece is installed on the tool of the machine tool, the workpiece is clamped, and the positioning pin hole is not subjected to reaming at the moment, so that the positioning mode of the sliding block and the positioning pin is designed on the tool, the positioning angle is correct, the pitch circle of the positioning pin hole caused by the deformation of the part is changed, and the actual machining is not influenced, so that the positioning pin hole is not subjected to secondary reaming, and the process flow is simplified and the efficiency is improved.

After the clamping of the workpiece is finished, the inner cavity of the air outlet side of the workpiece is machined in place, and because the workpiece is subjected to finish machining by using the tool, the workpiece is subjected to regional machining by the essence of rotating the manual rotary table, positioning by the double-conical-surface positioning device, and then machining a part of the region, and finally connecting all curved surfaces together in a machining mode by continuously repeating the steps, the machining region after each positioning is planned (the planned machining region is required to be symmetrically distributed as far as possible to reduce the deformation of the workpiece to the greatest extent), omission is avoided, and meanwhile, the problems of cutter handle, cutter length, cutter relieving and the like are required to be used, and the machining precision requirement is ensured. After the working procedure is completed, the workpiece can be turned over, and the inner cavity of the air inlet side of the workpiece is processed in the same way.

After finishing finish milling the inner cavity, placing the workpiece for a period of time in a free state, starting finish turning the workpiece, finish turning the outer shape surface of the air outlet side of the workpiece in place, turning the workpiece over, and finish turning the inner cavity surface of the air inlet side. Finish turning of the part is completed.

After the air outlet side mounting side holes are drilled according to requirements, turning over the workpiece, machining the air inlet side mounting side holes by adopting a clamping mode of one surface and two pins, clamping, removing burrs, burrs and the like in the machining process, finally, sending the qualified workpiece into a total inspection to finally inspect all the sizes of the workpiece, and warehousing after the qualified workpiece is qualified. Thus, the whole workpiece is processed.

By utilizing the technological process of the tool, the circulation speed of the workpiece is effectively improved and the efficiency is improved by shortening the length of the technological route. Meanwhile, the method from rough machining to semi-finish machining to finish machining is adopted, so that the deformation of the part is effectively controlled, the disposable qualification rate of the part is ensured, and the quality of a product is stabilized.

Fig. 6 is a 3D view of the present utility model for mounting a workpiece to a tool. Washer 18, base 15, cover plate 12, 4 th screw 11, 5 th screw 13, 6 th screw 16, 7 th screw 17, 3 rd screw 8, retainer ring 9, centering ring 10, pulling plate 6, 1 st T-block 4, 1 st screw 3, stop 2, indexing ring 1.9 th screw 30.

The base is first placed in the proper position of the machine tool, the manual turret 23 is placed in the base 15, it is fixed to the base plate using a locating pin and a screw (this locating pin and screw are not shown in fig. 6), the support plate 5 is placed on the base 15, and it is fixed to the base plate 15 using a6 th screw 16 and a locating pin 36 (this locating pin is not shown in fig. 6). The 5 th screw 13 and the 2 nd T-block 14 are used to fix the self-centering mechanism placed on the manual turntable 23 and to correct the self-centering mechanism to be concentric with the manual turntable. Turning the 3 rd screw 8 moves the centering ring 10 upwards, moves the stop 2 away from the centre of the circle, loads the slide 24 into the bottom plate 31 of the self-centering mechanism, places the workpiece 26 on the bottom plate 31 of the self-centering mechanism and connects it with the slide 24 via the 1 st positioning pin 25, turning the 3 rd screw 8 moves the centering ring 10 downwards, moves the stop 2 towards the centre of the circle, slightly forcibly locks the 3 rd screw when the 3 rd stop 2 is in contact with the workpiece 26, the workpiece is concentric with the bottom plate 31 of the self-centering mechanism, and the workpiece 26 to be machined is concentric with the manual turntable 23 at this time since the bottom plate 31 of the self-centering mechanism has been previously aligned with the manual turntable 23. The workpiece is fixed to the bottom plate 31 using the pressing plate 27 and the 8 th screw 28. The bottom plate and the supporting plate are two plates.

The indexing ring 1 of the double conical angular positioning mechanism is mounted on the base plate 31 by means of the 9 th screw 30 and the 2 nd positioning pin 29, noting that the indexing ring 1 is also concentric with the manual turret 23 when mounted here.

The handle 22 is rotated to place the angular positioning hole of the workpiece at a correct position, the taper pin part of the cylindrical taper pin is inserted into the taper hole of the supporting plate, the taper surface of the cylindrical taper pin is attached to the taper surface of the supporting plate, a gasket is arranged on the bottom surface, a 7 th screw is penetrated to be tensioned, the clip is plugged into the taper hole of the indexing ring, the nut is screwed, the indexing ring is changed from a certain angle in the process of screwing the nut to press down the clip, and after the nut is pressed down, the indexing ring reaches the correct position at the moment, so that double-taper angular positioning is completed.

The installation of the tool and the workpiece can be started, after the machining is finished, the screw cap 21 is loosened, the 7 th screw 17 is taken out, the clip 20 and the cylindrical taper pin 19 are taken out, the handle 22 is rocked to the next proper taper hole position, the next machining can be finished by repeating the previous actions, and the machining of the inner and outer runners and the support plate of the support plate casing can be finished by the same method.

FIG. 7 is a centering ring FIG. 8, wherein the pull plate is provided with an inclined T-shaped groove rail 34-1, an inner T-shaped groove 34-2 and an outer T-shaped groove 34-3;

FIG. 9 shows a bottom plate and a support of a three-jaw structure, wherein the three-jaw structure comprises a circular bottom plate, three T-shaped grooves 34 are uniformly formed in the bottom plate, a pull plate is arranged in each T-shaped groove, the outer surface of the pull plate is a T-shaped rail embedded in the T-shaped groove, the center of the pull plate is provided with a T-shaped groove in the length direction, the circle center of the round bottom plate is an inclined T-shaped rail, the center of the circular bottom plate is provided with a step hole, a centering ring is arranged on the outer diameter step of the step hole, three grooves are formed in the circumference of the centering ring, corresponding to the inclined T-shaped rail near the circle center of the round bottom plate, and inclined surfaces which are matched with the lower ends of the inclined T-shaped rails are arranged on each groove. The center of the centering ring is provided with a sliding block groove 24-1, the inclined T-shaped groove structure of the 3 pull plates is aligned with the center of the bottom plate, T-shaped blocks are respectively inserted into the corresponding T-shaped grooves on the bottom plate, the T-shaped blocks are pushed to proper positions in the direction of the center of the circle, the centering ring is placed in the center hole of the bottom plate, meanwhile, the positions of the inclined T-shaped groove heads of the 3 pull plates are adjusted, the 3 pull plates are all placed in the corresponding inclined T-shaped grooves on the centering ring, the centering ring is pressed downwards, and the pull plates are continuously pressed into the center hole of the bottom plate along with the centering ring under the action of the inclined T-shaped grooves, so that the pull plates continuously move towards the center of the circle. The cover plate is pressed on the bottom plate by the 4 th screw, the 3 rd screw penetrates through the central hole of the cover plate and is screwed into the centering ring, and after the centering ring is screwed into the proper position, the baffle ring is fixed on the cover plate by the 2 nd screw according to the mode of fig. 5 (the 3 rd screw can rotate between the baffle ring and the cover plate). The 3 check blocks are respectively arranged at the proper positions of the 3 pull plates, and are fixed on the pull plates through the 1 st screw and the 1 st T-shaped block plugged into the inner T-shaped groove of the pull plates.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present utility model, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (2)

1. The double-conical-surface directional self-centering tool is characterized by comprising a structure for fixing a workpiece by three claws, wherein the structure comprises a circular bottom plate dividing plate, three T-shaped grooves are uniformly formed in a bottom plate on the dividing plate, a pull plate is respectively arranged in each T-shaped groove, the outer surface of the pull plate is a T-shaped rail embedded in each T-shaped groove, the center of the pull plate is provided with a T-shaped groove in the length direction, and the center of the pull plate near the center of the circular bottom plate is an inclined T-shaped rail; the center of the circular bottom plate is provided with a step hole, a centering ring is arranged on the outer diameter step of the step hole, three grooves are arranged on the circumference of the centering ring corresponding to the inclined T-shaped rail of the center of the circular bottom plate near the center of the circular bottom plate, inclined planes which are matched with the lower ends of the inclined T-shaped rails are arranged on the grooves, the center of the centering ring aligns the inclined T-shaped groove structures of the 3 pull plates with the center of the bottom plate, T-shaped blocks are respectively inserted into the corresponding T-shaped grooves on the bottom plate, the centering ring is pushed to a proper position in the center direction of the center, the centering ring is placed in the center hole of the bottom plate, the inclined T-shaped groove head positions of the 3 pull plates are adjusted, the 3 pull plates are all installed in the corresponding inclined T-shaped grooves on the centering ring, the centering ring is pressed downwards, the pull plates are continuously pressed into the center hole of the bottom plate along with the centering ring under the action of the inclined T-shaped grooves, the pull plates continuously move towards the center, a4 th screw is pressed on the bottom plate, the 3 rd screw penetrates through the center hole of the bottom plate and is screwed into the centering ring, after the centering ring is screwed into the proper position, the 2 nd screw is used for pushing the baffle ring, the 3 pull plates are fixed between the upper baffle ring and the 3 pull plates and the T-shaped block are respectively arranged between the T-shaped plate and the T-shaped plate through the T-shaped block and the T-shaped plate through the proper position of the centering ring and the T-shaped block through the T-shaped plate, and the baffle plate through the proper rotation between the baffle plate and the T plate through the positioning plate and the T plate through the proper position, the distance from the 3 blocks to the circle center is ensured to be equal when the blocks are installed.

2. The tooling of claim 1, wherein the indexing ring is rotated to a proper position so that the tapered hole of the indexing ring is concentric with the tapered hole of the support plate, the tapered pin portion of the cylindrical tapered pin is inserted into the tapered hole of the support plate, the tapered surface of the cylindrical tapered pin is attached to the tapered surface of the support plate with a taper of 1:50, a washer is placed on the bottom surface, the 7 th screw is penetrated for tightening, and the nut is screwed after the central hole of the cartridge clip penetrates into the cylindrical portion of the cylindrical tapered pin.