CN212073036U - Equipment for preparing continuous fiber reinforced composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a device for preparing a continuous fiber reinforced composite material, which comprises a glue injection device, a mold and a traction device. The glue injection device is connected with the mold, and the matrix material and the reinforcing material of the composite material enter the mold through the glue injection device, and are formed into the mold. The composite material is pulled out of the mold by the pulling device. The glue injection equipment includes a glue injection box with a continuous conical cavity, a glue storage section is arranged at the entrance of the glue injection box, and a yarn threading plate is arranged at the entrance end of the glue injection box. . Using the equipment of this embodiment to prepare continuous fiber reinforced composite materials can accurately locate the spatial positions of fiber yarns and fiber mats; fully dipping and preforming the fibers; at the same time, it can also ensure that the resin can be well infiltrated fiber.

Description

A device for preparing continuous fiber reinforced composite materials

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of composite materials and a preparation process thereof, in particular to a device for preparing continuous fiber reinforced composite materials.

Background technique

The pultrusion process is to continuously produce composite materials of unlimited length by curing or shaping continuous fiber yarns and fabrics impregnated with a liquid matrix material under the action of traction force through a mold with a constant-section cavity. At present, the length of composite pultrusion dies is generally between 600 mm and 1000 mm, of which pultrusion dies with a length of 900 to 1000 mm are widely used.

In the existing composite pultrusion molding process, the continuous resin injection method to impregnate the fibers is an effective method, which continuously injects the resin into the cavity of the specially designed plastic injection box according to the actual demand, so that the The fibers in the cavity of the plastic injection box are quickly saturated and then enter the mold cavity connected to the rear part of the plastic injection box to solidify or shape. In many designs, the plastic injection box is designed as a part of the mold entrance to play the same function. In the existing continuous resin injection method, the injection port is opened in the middle of the cavity of the injection box. When the matrix material used is very viscous or contains a lot of fillers, especially when fiber felt or fabric is used, the resin is difficult to Saturated fibers, or fillers that are difficult to penetrate into fibers, result in imperfect composite properties, and there is room for improvement.

At the same time, in the manufacturing process of glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin I-beams, glass fiber continuous mats or stitched mats need to be used. If a lot of fillers are added to the phenolic resin, it is difficult to completely penetrate the fibers, so that the phenolic resin is modified. subject to many restrictions.

In conclusion, the existing continuous fiber reinforced composite materials and their production methods have many needs for improvement.

Utility model content

The utility model firstly provides a device for preparing continuous fiber reinforced composite material, which comprises a glue injection device, a mold and a traction device, the glue injection device is connected with the mold, and the matrix material and reinforcing material of the composite material enter the mold through the glue injection device, The glue injection equipment includes a glue injection box with a continuous conical cavity, a glue injection port is opened near the entrance of the glue injection box, and the glue injection port is located between the surface layer reinforcement material and the inner layer reinforcement material, and is used to inject The matrix material is injected between the surface layer reinforcing material and other reinforcing materials, and the formed composite material is pulled out of the mold by a pulling device.

Further, the plastic injection box is connected with the mold or is manufactured integrally with the mold, and the conical cavity of the plastic injection box shrinks continuously from the inlet to the outlet of the plastic injection box, and the outlet is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional size of the target composite material; preferably, The included angle of shrinkage is 0.2-3°.

Further, the inlet end of the glue injection box is provided with a yarn threading plate, and the yarn threading plate is provided with a glue injection port, a lower felt inlet and a unidirectional yarn inlet, the unidirectional yarn inlet is arranged on the lower felt inlet, and the glue injection port is provided. It is arranged between the upper felt and the unidirectional yarn inlet, preferably, an upper felt inlet is also provided, the unidirectional yarn inlet is arranged between the upper felt inlet and the lower felt inlet, and the glue injection port is arranged between the upper felt inlet and the unidirectional yarn inlet. between the entrances.

Further, a glue storage section is provided at the entrance of the glue injection box for storing the matrix material, so that the fibers are infiltrated by the matrix material in the glue storage section before entering the continuous conical cavity 22 of the glue injection box.

Further, the glue storage section is provided with a glue injection hole for injecting glue into the glue storage section.

Further, an overflow port is provided on the rubber storage section.

Further, the overflow port is provided with a resin collection device and a circulation pump, the resin collection device is used to collect the resin flowing out of the overflow port, and the circulation pump is used to pump the resin in the collection device back to the rubber storage section or the raw material tank.

Further, the mold has a breathable steel core mold, and the breathable steel core mold is arranged between the upper mold and the lower mold.

Further, a plurality of exhaust grooves extending along the length direction of the mold are arranged on the peripheral surface of the breathable steel core mold. Preferably, the depth of the exhaust grooves is 0.1-2 mm, and the width is 0.05-2 mm; an annular exhaust cavity circumferentially arranged around the breathable steel core mold, the exhaust cavity is communicated with the exhaust groove, and an exhaust hole extending to the outside is also provided on the exhaust cavity, preferably , chrome-plating or nitriding on the surface of breathable steel.

Using the equipment and method of the utility model to prepare continuous fiber reinforced composite materials, the unidirectional yarn passing through the yarn passing plate is positioned through the yarn holes arranged on the yarn passing plate at the inlet end of the plastic injection box, so that the unidirectional yarns are positioned. The yarn can enter the corresponding position in the profile according to the design requirements, divide the area according to the projection of the profile and enlarge it to the area of the threading board, and arrange the density of the unidirectional yarn in each partition according to the design requirements, so it can be set by the front end of the plastic injection box. The yarn threading plate accurately locates the spatial position of the fiber yarn and fiber mat during the pultrusion process; uses the glue injection box of the continuous tapered cavity to infiltrate the fibers, dipping and pre-forming the fibers; First infiltrating and then infiltrating the surface fibers, the plastic injection box can be heated during processing to ensure that the resin can infiltrate the fibers well; and by preheating the resin, the curing of the resin can be accelerated and the pultrusion speed can be increased.

The technical effect of the utility model is as follows: the fiber content of each part of the profile can be designed according to the stress requirements of the composite material, so as to maximize the reinforcing effect of the fiber, the high-viscosity matrix material resin can be used to infiltrate the fiber well, and the The filler in the matrix material resin is uniformly distributed in the composite material.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the equipment for preparing continuous fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows the structural schematic diagram of the plastic storage box of the equipment for preparing continuous fiber reinforced composite materials of the present invention;

3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the I-beam profile of Embodiment 3 of the present utility model;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of the first threading plate according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

Fig. 5 shows the mold schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of B-B in FIG. 5 .

in:

1: Composite material; 513: Lower felt inlet; 35: Air vent;

11: Surface felt; 514: Direct yarn inlet; 36: Exhaust groove

12: Continuous felt; 2: Plastic injection box; 3D: Mould outlet;

13: Unidirectional fiber; 21: Glue storage section; 3C: Mould inlet end;

14: upper wing plate; 211: glue injection port; 4: traction device;

15: web; 22: continuous conical cavity; 61: raw material box;

16: lower wing plate; 3: mold; 62: pump;

51: the first threading board; 31: the upper die; 63: the injection tube;

52: the second threading board; 32: the lower die; 64: the return pipe.

511: upper felt inlet; 33: breathable steel mandrel;

512: glue injection port; 34: exhaust cavity;

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present utility model will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

Example 1:

This embodiment provides a device for preparing continuous fiber reinforced composite materials, which includes a glue injection device, a mold 3 , a pulling device 4 , and a raw material tank 61 , a pump 62 , and a material injection pipe 63 in the prior art. The plastic injection box 2 of the plastic injection equipment is connected to the mold inlet end 3C of the mold 3. The matrix material and reinforcing material of the composite material enter the mold through the plastic injection equipment, and the formed composite material is pulled out of the mold by the pulling device 4. A glue injection port 211 or 511 is opened near the entrance of the glue injection box 2 for injecting the matrix material between the surface layer reinforcement material and other reinforcement materials.

On this basis, the present application adds a glue storage section 21 to the front of the glue injection box 2, so that the fibers can be infiltrated by the matrix material in the glue storage section 21 before entering the glue injection box 2; A continuous conical cavity 22 is provided. The continuous conical cavity 22 shrinks continuously from the inlet to the outlet of the plastic injection box, and its shrinkage angle is 0.2-3°. The plastic injection box 2 is connected with the mold 3 or manufactured integrally with the mold 3 . The glue storage section 21 is provided with a glue injection port 211, through which a fluid base material, such as a liquid resin material, can be injected into the glue storage section, so that a certain base material can be maintained in the glue storage section 21 liquid level. The front end of the rubber storage section 21 is provided with a yarn threading plate, so that the unidirectional fibers as the reinforcing phase of the composite material can enter a specific position in a designed manner.

In a preferred embodiment, the rubber storage section 21 is further provided with an overflow port for discharging excess matrix material in the rubber storage section 21, so that the liquid level of the matrix material in the rubber storage section 21 can be maintained at a certain height. At the same time, a return pipe 64 is provided at the overflow port, and the excess base material in the rubber storage section 21 can be returned to the raw material tank through the return pipe 64 .

In a preferred embodiment, the threading plate includes a first threading plate 51 and a second threading plate 52. The first threading plate 51 is designed as shown in FIG. 4, and has an upper felt inlet 511 and a unidirectional yarn inlet 514. And the lower felt inlet 513, the unidirectional yarn inlet 514 is located between the upper felt inlet 511 and the lower felt inlet 513, and a glue injection port 512 is provided between the unidirectional yarn inlet 514 and the upper felt inlet 511. The glue injection port 512 is opened below the upper fiber mat, so that the matrix material is injected onto the unidirectional yarn under the upper fiber mat. The technical effect is as follows: the base material first soaks the unidirectional yarn, and then soaks the fiber mat and/or fabric on the surface from the inside to the outside. When the base material contains a lot of fillers, this method can make the fillers evenly distributed in the composite material, and It will not be enriched on the surface of the composite material due to the filtration of the outer surface of the fiber mat and/or fabric injected on the surface as in the traditional process.

In a preferred embodiment, the unidirectional yarn passing through the yarn passing plate is positioned through the yarn hole 514 arranged on the first yarn passing plate 51 at the inlet end of the glue injection box 2, so that the unidirectional yarn can be The design requires entering the corresponding position in the profile, partitioning according to the projection of the profile and enlarging it to the area of the threading board, and arranging the unidirectional yarn density of each partition according to the needs of the design.

In a preferred embodiment, the unidirectional yarn density of the projected section of the compressive stress portion of the profile under the bending load on the threading board is higher than the projected section of the tensile stress portion of the profile on the threading board.

In a preferred embodiment, the mold 3 has a gas-permeable steel core mold 33 , and the gas-permeable steel core mold 33 is provided between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 . A plurality of exhaust grooves 36 extending along the length direction of the mold 3 are arranged on the peripheral surface of the breathable steel core mold 33 , and an annular exhaust cavity 34 circumferentially arranged around the breathable steel core mold 33 is provided at the outlet end 3D of the mold. , the exhaust cavity 34 is communicated with the exhaust groove 36, and the exhaust cavity 34 is also provided with an exhaust hole 35 extending to the outside, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 . The small molecules generated when the matrix material is cured can be discharged from the mold through the exhaust system, and the remaining pores are filled by the matrix material, which can improve the density of the pultruded composite material and increase its strength.

Example 2:

This embodiment provides a method for preparing a continuous fiber reinforced resin composite material, which uses the equipment in Embodiment 1 to preheat the resin to 60-80°C to reduce its viscosity, and then inject it into a plastic injection box for infiltration The continuous fibers are fed into the glue injection equipment and the mold in turn through the yarn threading plate. After forming, the composite material is released from the mold with the help of traction equipment. The method of this embodiment utilizes the yarn threading plate provided at the front end of the glue injection box 2 to precisely locate the spatial position of the fiber yarn and the fiber mat in the pultrusion process; The fibers are dipped and pre-formed; at the same time, the injection box is heated during processing to ensure that the resin can well infiltrate the fibers.

The composite material uses a phenolic resin as a matrix material, and a thermoplastic resin powder is added to the cured precursor composition of the phenolic resin, and the mixture is stirred at a speed higher than 500 rpm for not less than 3 minutes. During the pultrusion process, the resin in the plastic injection box is heated, and the heating temperature is controlled between 40°C and 90°C. High-viscosity resin can be heated in the plastic injection box to reduce the viscosity, so as to ensure that the resin can well infiltrate the fibers; at the same time, preheating the resin can also accelerate the curing of the resin and increase the pultrusion speed.

Example 3:

This embodiment provides a method for preparing a continuous fiber reinforced resin composite material. Except that the resin is not preheated, the same method as the embodiment 2 is adopted, but the plastic injection box is heated during the pultrusion process to make the The resin temperature is controlled between 40°C and 90°C. This can not only achieve the technical effect of Example 2, but also prevent the resin from curing prematurely during the preheating process.

Example 4

This embodiment provides a method for preparing a continuous fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite material, except that the mold design is slightly different, the other adopts the same method as the embodiment 3. The mold 3 of this embodiment has the process shown in FIG. 6 . Font cavity. A plurality of exhaust grooves 36 extending along the length direction of the mold 3 are arranged on the peripheral surface of the breathable steel core mold 33, and the outlet end 3D of the mold is provided with an exhaust cavity 34 circumferentially arranged around the breathable steel core mold 33, The exhaust cavity 34 communicates with the exhaust groove 36 , and the exhaust cavity 34 is provided with an exhaust hole 35 which extends and communicates with the outside, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 . The small molecules generated when the phenolic resin is cured can be discharged from the mold through the exhaust system composed of the exhaust cavity 34 and the exhaust hole 35, and the remaining pores are filled with the resin, so that the compactness of the phenolic pultruded composite can be improved. its strength.

Example 5:

This embodiment provides an apparatus and method for processing a composite I-beam profile. As shown in FIG. 3 , the I-beam profile has an upper wing plate 14 , a lower wing plate 16 and a web plate 15 , and the upper wing plate 14 The profile is connected with the lower wing plate 16 through the web 15 , and the profile has an I-shaped section; When the I-beam is stressed, the upper wing plate 14 is subjected to compressive stress, the lower wing plate 16 is subjected to tensile stress, and the web 15 can be divided into a compressive stress part connected to the upper wing plate and a part connected to the lower wing plate along the central axis of inertia. In the part under tensile stress, the volume content of unidirectional fibers in the compression part of the web is greater than that in the tension part.

The I-beam profile is made of alkali-free untwisted glass fiber roving and glass fiber continuous mat 12, polyester surface mat 11 and phenolic resin by injection pultrusion process, and the unidirectional yarn used is alkali-free glass fiber roving along the curved The stress direction distribution becomes the unidirectional fiber 13 . The overall unidirectional fiber volume content of the composite material is 56%. The formula of the matrix resin is shown in Appendix 1. The distribution of unidirectional fibers, processing parameters and I-beam profile performance details are shown in Appendix 2:

The formula example of different I-beam profiles in the embodiment 3 of attached table 1

This embodiment adopts the equipment provided in Embodiment 1, and the yarn threading plate includes a first threading plate 51 and a second threading plate 52. The design of the threading plate is shown in FIG. 4, with an upper felt inlet 511, a unidirectional yarn The inlet 514 and the lower mat inlet 513, the unidirectional yarn inlet is located between the upper mat inlet and the lower mat inlet, and a glue injection port 211 is provided between the unidirectional yarn inlet and the upper mat inlet. The glue injection port is opened below the upper fiber mat, so that the matrix material is injected onto the glass fiber roving under the upper fiber mat.

In this embodiment, the unidirectional yarn passing through the yarn passing plate is positioned through the yarn hole 514 arranged on the first yarn passing plate 51 at the inlet end of the glue injection box 2, so that the unidirectional yarn can be designed according to the design requirements. Enter the corresponding position in the profile, according to the projection of the profile and enlarge it to the area of the yarn threading board to make partitions, and arrange the unidirectional yarn density of each partition according to the needs of the design.

In this embodiment, the unidirectional yarn density of the projected section of the compressive stress portion of the profile under the bending load on the threading board is higher than the projected section of the tensile stress portion of the profile on the threading board. The equipment of Example 1 is used to prepare the I-beam profile in this example, the left side of the mold is used to prepare the upper wing plate under compressive stress, the right side is used to prepare the lower wing plate under tensile stress, and the middle is the web, When subjected to bending load, the stress on the upper and lower wings is greater than that on the middle web, so the number of unidirectional yarn inlet holes on both ends of the first threading plate 51 is more than the number of holes in the middle. In this case, the number of E-glass fiber grit corresponding to the compressive stress part and the tensile stress part of the upper wing plate, the lower wing plate and the intermediate web plate are 23, 21, 17, and 13, respectively, thus obtaining The distribution of unidirectional fiber content shown in attached table 2.

The volume content of unidirectional fibers 1-3 of the composite material = (unidirectional yarn weight/unidirectional yarn density)/volume of the composite material. The weight of the unidirectional yarn of the composite material is obtained according to the test method of "Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Resin Content Test Method" GB/T 2577. During the test, distilled water is used to clean and remove the particulate impurities and fiber mat in the residue after combustion.

The mold 3 of this embodiment has an I-shaped cavity as shown in FIG. 6 . Between the upper mold 31 and the lower mold 32 and the breathable steel core mold 33, there is an exhaust groove 36 arranged along the circumferential direction of the breathable steel core mold 33 and parallel to the length direction of the mold 3, and the outlet end 3D of the mold is provided with a ventilation groove 36. The exhaust cavity 34 arranged in the circumferential direction of the steel core mold 33 communicates with the exhaust groove 36 , and an exhaust hole 35 extending to the outside is provided on the exhaust cavity 34 , as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 . The small molecules generated when the phenolic resin is cured can be discharged from the mold through the exhaust system composed of the exhaust cavity 34 and the exhaust hole 35, and the remaining pores are filled with the resin, so that the compactness of the phenolic pultruded composite can be improved. its strength.

When using the equipment of this embodiment to process the continuous fiber reinforced resin composite material, the prepared cured precursor composition was first stirred at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the prepared cured precursor composition had a viscosity of 500 to 4000 mPa. s. In the process of pultrusion, the plastic injection box is heated to control the matrix material in it at a certain temperature. The heating temperature conditions are shown in the attached table 2. The technical effect is to reduce the viscosity of the resin, preheat the resin, and at the same time not allow the Premature resin gelation improves fiber impregnation quality and ensures uniform resin curing.

Attached table 2: Distribution of unidirectional fibers, processing parameters and properties of I-beam profiles

Finally it should be noted that: the above embodiment is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand: still The specific embodiments of the present invention can be modified or some technical features can be equivalently replaced; without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, all of them should be included in the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. The equipment for preparing the continuous fiber reinforced composite material is characterized by comprising glue injection equipment, a mold and a traction device, wherein the glue injection equipment is connected with the mold, a matrix material and a reinforcing material of the composite material enter the mold through the glue injection equipment, the molded composite material is pulled by the traction device to be separated from the mold, the glue injection equipment comprises a glue injection box with a continuous conical cavity, a glue injection port is formed near an inlet of the glue injection box, and the glue injection port is positioned between the surface layer reinforcing material and the inner layer reinforcing material.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inlet of the glue injection box is provided with a glue storage section for storing the matrix material, so that the fibers are soaked by the matrix material in the glue storage section before entering the continuous conical cavity of the glue injection box.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the glue storage section is provided with a glue injection port for injecting glue into the glue storage section.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the glue storage section is provided with an overflow port.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the overflow port is provided with a collecting device for collecting the matrix material flowing out of the overflow port, and a circulating pump for pumping the matrix material in the collecting device back to the glue storage section or the raw material tank.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the glue-injection box is connected to or integrally manufactured with the mold, and the tapered cavity of the glue-injection box is continuously contracted from the inlet to the outlet of the glue-injection box, and the outlet of the tapered cavity is larger than or equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the target composite material.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the tapered chamber has a continuously converging included angle of 0.2-3 °.

8. The apparatus for preparing continuous fiber reinforced composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inlet end of the injection molding box is provided with a threading plate, the threading plate is provided with yarn holes, and the arrangement of the yarn holes is adapted to the fiber distribution structure in the target molding material.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the yarn threading plate is further provided with a glue injection port and a lower felt inlet, the yarn hole comprises a unidirectional yarn inlet, and the unidirectional yarn inlet is arranged above the lower felt inlet.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the yarn threading plate is further provided with an upper felt inlet, and the glue injection port is arranged between the upper felt inlet and the unidirectional yarn inlet.

11. The apparatus for manufacturing a continuous fiber-reinforced composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mold has a gas-permeable steel core mold disposed between the upper mold and the lower mold.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the air permeable steel core mold has a plurality of air discharge grooves extending along the length direction of the mold on the circumferential surface, the outlet end of the mold has an annular air discharge cavity arranged around the circumference of the air permeable steel core mold, the air discharge cavity is communicated with the air discharge grooves, and air discharge holes extending to the outside are further formed on the air discharge cavity.

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