CN211570751U - Vacuum melting system of stibnite - Google Patents
Vacuum melting system of stibnite Download PDFInfo
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- CN211570751U CN211570751U CN202020120256.7U CN202020120256U CN211570751U CN 211570751 U CN211570751 U CN 211570751U CN 202020120256 U CN202020120256 U CN 202020120256U CN 211570751 U CN211570751 U CN 211570751U
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- antimony
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- vacuum melting
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- 229910052959 stibnite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidene(sulfanylidenestibanylsulfanyl)stibane Chemical compound S=[Sb]S[Sb]=S IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 39
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 11
- FAWGZAFXDJGWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+) Chemical compound [Sb+3] FAWGZAFXDJGWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model provides a vacuum melting system of stibnite. The vacuum melting system of stibnite includes: the device comprises a vacuum smelting device, a pressure control device and a refining device, wherein the vacuum smelting device is provided with a feed inlet, a crude antimony outlet, a slag discharge port and a flue gas outlet, and the feed inlet is used for adding stibnite, reducing fuel and alkaline additives; the pressure control device is used for controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum smelting device; and the refining device is provided with a crude antimony inlet and a metal antimony outlet, and the crude antimony inlet is communicated with the crude antimony outlet. The vacuum alkaline smelting system is adopted to extract the metallic antimony from the stibnite, which is beneficial to greatly improving the recovery rate of the metallic antimony, simplifying the process flow, reducing the recovery cost, needing no slag former, having less slag quantity, reducing the environmental pollution and the waste of sulfur element, improving the environmental protection, and belongs to a green and clean smelting method.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a stibnite field of smelting particularly, relates to a vacuum melting system of stibnite.
Background
The main phase in stibnite is antimony sulfide (Sb)2S3) The processing technique atmosphere of stibnite is divided into a pyrometallurgical technique and a wet-process technique, the existing pyrometallurgical technique has absolute advantages, and over 95 percent of stibnite is smelted into metal stibium by adopting the pyrometallurgical technique. The typical process flow of pyro-smelting stibnite ore is as follows: carrying out volatilization smelting in a blast furnace and reducing in a reverberatory furnace; in the smelting process, antimony sulfide is volatilized and oxidized, gangue slag is discharged from a furnace hearth, and antimony oxide powder obtained by collecting dust from flue gas enters a reverberatory furnace to be reduced to produce crude antimony.
Although the process of the "blast furnace-reverberatory furnace" is mature, the following disadvantages still exist: (1) sulfur in stibnite is largely converted to SO in a blast furnace2The flue gas enters, but the concentration in the flue gas is low, the generated flue gas cannot be used for preparing acid, and the flue gas treatment cost is high; (2) the coke rate of the blast furnace is higher; (3) the heat efficiency of the reverberatory furnace process is low, the volatilization amount of antimony oxide powder is large, and the direct yield of antimony is low.
In order to solve the problems, the prior documents report a method and a device (ZL201410173492.4) for producing crude antimony trioxide by oxygen-enriched side-blown volatilization molten pool smelting, a production method and a device (201010264738.0) for continuously smelting antimony by using bottom-blown molten pool smelting for stibnite ore, a side-blown oxidation smelting-side-blown reduction smelting method (ZL201610665922.3) for antimony concentrate, a top-blown molten pool smelting antimony method and a molten pool smelting furnace (CN201010100003.4) for the antimony concentrate. However, the above-mentioned smelting methods and apparatuses all generate SO2Flue gases and require high treatment costs.
In view of the above problems, it is necessary to develop a melting method with low cost and high antimony yield.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The main object of the utility model is to provide a vacuum melting system of stibnite to there are the lower and with high costs problem of antimony metal rate of recovery in the current stibnite smelting method of solving.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vacuum melting system for stibnite. The vacuum melting system of stibnite includes: the device comprises a vacuum smelting device, a pressure control device and a refining device, wherein the vacuum smelting device is provided with a feed inlet, a crude antimony outlet, a slag discharge port and a flue gas outlet, and the feed inlet is used for adding stibnite, reducing fuel and alkaline additives; the pressure control device is used for controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum smelting device; and the refining device is provided with a crude antimony inlet and a metal antimony outlet, and the crude antimony inlet is communicated with the crude antimony outlet.
Further, the vacuum melting system of stibnite still includes: a granulation device, an alkaline additive supply device, a reducing fuel supply device and an antimony ore supply device. The granulating device is provided with a raw material inlet and a mixing outlet, and the mixing outlet is communicated with the feeding port through a raw material conveying pipeline; the alkaline additive supply device is provided with an alkaline additive supply port which is communicated with the raw material inlet; the reducing fuel supply device is provided with a reducing fuel supply port which is communicated with the raw material inlet; and the stibnite supply device is provided with a stibnite supply port which is communicated with the raw material inlet.
Furthermore, the vacuum melting system of the stibnite also comprises a drying device, and the drying device is arranged on the raw material conveying pipeline.
Furthermore, the vacuum melting system for stibnite also comprises a binder supply device, wherein the binder supply device is provided with a binder supply port, and the binder supply port is communicated with the raw material inlet.
Furthermore, the vacuum melting system of the stibnite also comprises a purification device, wherein the purification device is provided with a slag inlet which is communicated with the slag discharge port and used for recovering sulfur element from the slag.
Further, the vacuum melting system of stibnite still includes: the dust collecting device is provided with a flue gas inlet and an antimony sulfide smoke outlet, and the flue gas inlet is communicated with the flue gas outlet.
Further, the vacuum melting device further comprises: the smoke dust recycling port is communicated with the antimony sulfide smoke dust outlet.
Further, the vacuum melting system of the stibnite also comprises a crushing device, and the crushing device is used for controlling the granularity of the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive.
Use the technical scheme of the utility model, control the vacuum in the vacuum melting device through pressure control device. Under the action of the pressure control device, the pressure of a reaction system in the vacuum smelting device is lower than the atmospheric pressure, and correspondingly, CO in the product2The partial pressure of the gas is also relatively low. This makes the reaction easier to proceed to the right, which is advantageous in increasing the generation rate of metallic antimony. Further refining and purifying the crude antimony discharged from the vacuum melting device through a refining device to obtain antimony metal with high antimony element content; meanwhile, the sulfur element can be recovered in a solid form through the vacuum melting process, so that the vacuum melting system can reduce environmental pollution and waste of the sulfur element. On the basis, the vacuum alkaline smelting system is adopted to extract the metallic antimony from the stibnite, so that the recovery rate of the metallic antimony is greatly improved, the process flow is simplified, the recovery cost is reduced, the environmental pollution and the waste of sulfur elements can be reduced, and the environmental protection performance is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a typical vacuum melting system for stibnite according to the present invention; and
fig. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a typical vacuum melting method of stibnite according to the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a vacuum melting device; 20. a pressure control device; 11. an alkaline additive supply device; 12. a reducing fuel supply device; 13. an stibnite supply means; 14. a binder supply device; 30. a refining device; 40. a granulation device; 50. a drying device; 60. a purification device; 70. a dust collecting device; 80. a crushing device.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
As described in the background art, the existing stibnite smelting process has problems of low recovery of antimony metal and high cost. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a vacuum melting system of stibnite, as shown in fig. 1, the vacuum melting system of stibnite includes: the device comprises a vacuum smelting device 10, a pressure control device 20 and a refining device 30, wherein the vacuum reduction smelting device is provided with a feed inlet, a crude antimony outlet, a slag discharge port and a flue gas outlet, and the feed inlet is used for adding stibnite, reducing fuel and alkaline additives; the pressure control device 20 is used for controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum melting device 10, and the refining device 30 is provided with a crude antimony inlet and a metal antimony outlet, and the crude antimony inlet is communicated with the crude antimony outlet.
Selecting Na2The principle of O as a basic additive is illustrated:
during the alkaline smelting, the stibnite reacts with the soda ash and the reducing agent as follows:
2Sb2S3(s)+6Na2O(s)+3C(s)＝4Sb(s)+6Na2S(s)+3CO2(g)。
the vacuum degree in the vacuum melting apparatus 10 is controlled by the pressure control apparatus 20. Under the action of the pressure control device 20, the pressure of the reaction system in the vacuum smelting device 10 is lower than the atmospheric pressure, and correspondingly, CO in the product2The partial pressure of the gas is also relatively low. This makes the reaction easier to proceed to the right, which is advantageous in increasing the generation rate of metallic antimony. Further refining and purifying the crude antimony discharged from the vacuum melting device 10 by a refining device 30 to obtain antimony metal with high antimony element content; meanwhile, the sulfur element can be recovered in a solid form through the vacuum melting process, so that the vacuum melting system adopting the stibnite can reduce environmental pollution and waste of the sulfur element. On the basis, the vacuum alkaline smelting system is adopted toThe extraction of the metallic antimony from the stibnite is beneficial to greatly improving the recovery rate of the metallic antimony, simplifying the process flow and reducing the recovery cost, and can also reduce the environmental pollution and the waste of sulfur element and improve the environmental protection property.
Preferably, the vacuum melting apparatus 10 is an electric heating melting apparatus.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the vacuum melting system for stibnite further comprises a granulating device 40, an alkaline additive supply device 11, a reducing fuel supply device 12, and a stibnite supply device 13. The granulating device 40 is provided with a raw material inlet and a mixing outlet, and the mixing outlet is communicated with a feeding hole through a raw material conveying pipeline; the alkaline additive supply device 11 is provided with an alkaline additive supply port which is communicated with the raw material inlet; the reducing fuel supply device 12 is provided with a reducing fuel supply port which communicates with the raw material inlet; and the stibnite supply means 13 is provided with a stibnite supply port which is communicated with the raw material inlet.
The arrangement of the alkaline additive supply device 11, the reducing fuel supply device 12 and the stibnite supply device 13 which are respectively connected with the vacuum melting device 10 is beneficial to improving the automation degree of the vacuum melting process, reducing the working strength of operators and simultaneously shortening the vacuum melting period. The granulating device 40 is arranged to mix the raw materials according to a specific proportion before the raw materials enter the vacuum melting device 10, so that the recovery rate of the metallic antimony is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the vacuum melting system of stibnite further comprises a drying apparatus 50, and the drying apparatus 50 is disposed on the feed line. The drying device 50 can reduce the moisture content in the reaction raw materials, and further can reduce the generation of byproducts in the vacuum melting process.
In order to further improve the drying efficiency while controlling the moisture content of the raw material within a suitable range, it is preferable that the drying device 50 includes, but is not limited to, a conduction heating type dryer, a convection heating type dryer, a radiant heat transfer type dryer and a high-frequency heating type dryer, a spray dryer, a fluidized bed dryer, a flash dryer, a paddle dryer, a box dryer, a spin flash dryer, or a vacuum dryer.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the vacuum melting system of stibnite further comprises a binder supply 14, the binder supply 14 being provided with a binder supply port, the binder supply port being in communication with the feed material inlet. The binder supply device 14 is used to supply a binder, which is advantageous in improving the binding force of the stibnite and the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive, and is further advantageous in improving the precise ratio of the raw materials during the reaction.
In addition to the formation of crude antimony during vacuum melting, a certain amount of slag is also produced. The slag contains a large amount of sulfur elements, and in order to recover the sulfur elements in the slag, in a preferred embodiment, the vacuum melting system for stibnite further comprises a purification device 60, wherein the purification device 60 is provided with a slag inlet, and the slag inlet is communicated with a slag discharge port to improve the purity of the metal antimony.
In order to recover antimony element in the antimony-containing flue gas, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the vacuum melting system of stibnite further comprises a dust collecting device 70, the dust collecting device 70 is provided with a flue gas inlet and an antimony sulfide smoke outlet, and the flue gas inlet is communicated with the flue gas outlet.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the vacuum melting apparatus 10 further comprises a smoke recovery port, and the smoke recovery port is communicated with the antimony sulfide smoke outlet. The smoke dust recycling port is arranged to carry out vacuum melting on the smoke dust recycled from the antimony-containing smoke gas again, so that the recovery rate of antimony element is further improved.
In order to make the reaction of the raw materials more sufficient in the vacuum melting process, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the vacuum melting system of stibnite further comprises a crushing device 80, and the crushing device 80 is used for controlling the particle sizes of the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive.
Another aspect of the present application also provides a vacuum melting method of stibnite, as shown in fig. 2, the vacuum melting method including: under the vacuum condition, carrying out vacuum melting on stibnite, reducing fuel and an alkaline additive to obtain crude antimony, slag and antimony-containing flue gas; and refining the crude antimony to obtain metallic antimony, wherein the temperature of vacuum melting is 900-1200 ℃, and the pressure is 1-1000 Pa.
In the vacuum smelting process, the pressure of the reaction system is lower than the atmospheric pressure, and correspondingly, CO in the product2The partial pressure of the gas is also relatively low. This makes the reaction easier to proceed to the right, which is advantageous in increasing the generation rate of metallic antimony. Meanwhile, the sulfur element can be recovered in a solid form through the vacuum melting process, so that the vacuum melting method can reduce environmental pollution and waste of the sulfur element. On the basis, the vacuum melting method is adopted to extract the metallic antimony from the stibnite, which is beneficial to greatly improving the recovery rate of the metallic antimony, simplifying the process flow, reducing the recovery cost, reducing the environmental pollution and the waste of sulfur element and improving the environmental protection performance.
In a preferred embodiment, the amount of the reducing fuel is 3 to 15% and the amount of the alkaline additive is 60 to 100% based on the weight of the stibnite. The amount of the reducing raw material and the alkaline additive includes, but is not limited to, the above range, and it is preferable to further improve the recovery rate of antimony element to limit the amount to the above range. In order to further improve the recovery rate of antimony in the stibnite, more preferably, the content of the reducing fuel is 5-10% and the content of the alkaline additive is 70-80% by weight of the stibnite.
In a preferred embodiment, the above preparation method further comprises: adding the binder in the vacuum melting process. The addition of the binder is beneficial to improving the adhesive force of the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive, and further beneficial to improving the accurate proportioning of the raw materials in the reaction process. More preferably, the adhesive includes, but is not limited to, one or more of a pellet adhesive, a silicone epoxy adhesive glue, a UV-curable glue, a hot melt adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive, a polyurethane type glue, a waste syrup, and an epoxy adhesive.
In a preferred embodiment, the binder is used in an amount of 0.2 to 15% by weight of the stibnite. The amount of the binder includes, but is not limited to, the above range, and it is preferable to limit the amount to the above range to further improve the binding force of the stibnite, the reducing agent and the alkaline additive, thereby facilitating the improvement of the recovery rate of the antimony element. More preferably, the binder is used in an amount of 3 to 8% by weight of the stibnite.
The vacuum melting method for melting stibnite is beneficial to greatly improving the recovery rate of stibnite and avoiding the loss of sulfur. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of vacuum melting is 100-1100 ℃; the pressure is 1 to 100Pa, preferably 10 to 50 Pa. Limiting the temperature and pressure of the vacuum melting to the above ranges is advantageous in further improving the recovery rate of antimony element, as compared to other ranges.
In a preferred embodiment, before performing the vacuum melting process, the vacuum melting method further comprises: granulating the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive which are treated by the binder and the crushing step to obtain a mixture; and carrying out vacuum melting on the mixture to obtain crude antimony, slag and antimony-containing flue gas. Before vacuum smelting, the stibnite, the reducing fuel, the alkaline additive and the adhesive are granulated, so that the reactants are reacted according to a specific proportion, and the mixing uniformity is improved, thereby being beneficial to improving the recovery rate of the metallic antimony.
In a preferred embodiment, the vacuum melting method further comprises the step of crushing the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive before the pelletizing process. In order to enable the raw materials to react more fully in the vacuum melting process, the particle sizes of the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive after the crushing step are more preferably 10-2000 meshes, and the particle sizes of the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive are more preferably 200-1000 meshes.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixed material is spherical and has a diameter of 0.1-5 cm. The particle is made into a spherical structure in the granulating process, and the diameter is limited in the range, so that the reaction degree is further improved, and the recovery rate of the antimony element is further improved. More preferably, the diameter of the mixed material is 0.2-1 cm.
In order to make the reaction of the raw materials more sufficient in the vacuum melting process, in a preferred embodiment, between the granulation process and the vacuum melting, the vacuum melting method further comprises: drying the mixture obtained in the granulating process. More preferably, the drying process includes, but is not limited to, natural ventilation or heated dehydration.
In the vacuum melting process, the reducing fuel adopted can be selected from the types commonly used in the field. In a preferred embodiment, the reducing fuel comprises one or more of the group consisting of anthracite, bituminous coal, graphite, carbonaceous material, petroleum coke, and activated carbon.
In a preferred embodiment, the alkaline additive includes, but is not limited to, sodium carbonate and/or sodium hydroxide.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
In the embodiment, the stibnite is smelted by using the vacuum smelting system for stibnite shown in figure 1, and the process flow is shown in figure 2. The particle sizes of the stibnite, the carbon powder and the soda ash are all 200 meshes, and the components are shown in tables 1-3 in sequence.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
Example 1
In the crushing device 80, the amount of stibnite added is 10t, the amount of carbon powder added is 0.6t, and the amount of soda added is 7 t. The raw materials are uniformly mixed and then crushed. 0.5t of waste sucrose water is added into the crushed raw materials, and after being uniformly stirred, the mixture is conveyed to a granulating device 40 (a disc pelletizer) for granulation, so that pellets with the diameter of 0.5cm are obtained.
The prepared pellets are dried by a drying device 50, wherein the drying temperature is 200 ℃, and the drying time is 18 h. The dried pellets are added into a vacuum melting device 10 (an electric heating furnace) for melting, the pellet material is added for about 4t each time, and the mixture is completely added in 5 times. The air pressure in the vacuum smelting device 10 is 50Pa, the smelting temperature is 1000 ℃, and after the materials in each batch are completely added, smelting is carried out for 2 hours to obtain crude antimony, slag and antimony-containing flue gas. After the smelting of the furnace charge pellets of the previous batch is finished, refining the crude antimony in a refining device 30, and recovering Na in the slag in a purifying device 602S, recovering Sb in the antimony-containing flue gas from the dust collecting device2S3. Finally the recovered Sb2S3As raw materials, are added into a vacuum melting device 10; and adding the pellets of the next batch at the same time.
The result shows that the crude antimony of the product is 4.28t, the crude antimony contains 99.3 percent of antimony, 0.01 percent of arsenic and 0.03 percent of sulfur; 9.8t of slag.
Example 2
The differences from example 1 are: the vacuum melting furnace is a molten pool melting device.
The crude antimony of the product is 4.26t, the crude antimony contains 98.9 percent of antimony, 0.01 percent of arsenic and 0.02 percent of sulfur; slag 9.2 t.
Comparative example 1
The differences from example 1 are: the smelting process is normal pressure smelting.
The amount of the crude antimony is 0.36t, the crude antimony contains 99.1 percent of antimony, 0.02 percent of arsenic and 0.01 percent of sulfur; slag 10.7 t.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
the vacuum alkaline smelting system is adopted to extract the metallic antimony from the stibnite, which is beneficial to greatly improving the recovery rate of the metallic antimony, simplifying the process flow, reducing the recovery cost, reducing the environmental pollution and the waste of sulfur element and improving the environmental protection performance.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A vacuum melting system of stibnite, characterized in that, the vacuum melting system of stibnite includes:
the vacuum smelting device (10) is provided with a feed inlet, a crude antimony outlet, a slag discharge port and a flue gas outlet, wherein the feed inlet is used for adding the stibnite, the reducing fuel and the alkaline additive;
a pressure control device (20), the pressure control device (20) being used for controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum melting device (10); and
the refining device (30) is provided with a crude antimony inlet and a metal antimony outlet, and the crude antimony inlet is communicated with the crude antimony outlet.
2. The vacuum melting system of stibnite as claimed in claim 1, wherein said vacuum melting system of stibnite further comprises:
the granulating device (40) is provided with a raw material inlet and a mixing outlet, and the mixing outlet is communicated with the feeding port through a raw material conveying pipeline;
an alkaline additive supply device (11), the alkaline additive supply device (11) being provided with an alkaline additive supply port, the alkaline supply port being in communication with the raw material inlet;
a reducing fuel supply device (12), wherein the reducing fuel supply device (12) is provided with a reducing fuel supply port which is communicated with the raw material inlet; and
and the stibnite supply device (13), wherein the stibnite supply device (13) is provided with a stibnite supply port, and the stibnite supply port is communicated with the raw material inlet.
3. The vacuum melting system of stibnite according to claim 2, further comprising drying means (50), said drying means (50) being disposed on said feed line.
4. A vacuum smelting system for stibnite according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a binder supply means (14), said binder supply means (14) being provided with a binder supply port, said binder supply port communicating with said feed material inlet.
5. A vacuum smelting system for stibnite according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a refining unit (60), said refining unit (60) being provided with a slag inlet, said slag inlet communicating with said slag discharge for recovering elemental sulphur from the slag.
6. The vacuum melting system of stibnite according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising: the dust collecting device (70) is provided with a flue gas inlet and an antimony sulfide smoke outlet, and the flue gas inlet is communicated with the flue gas outlet.
7. The vacuum melting system of stibnite according to claim 6, wherein said vacuum melting apparatus (10) further comprises: and the smoke dust recycling port is communicated with the antimony sulfide smoke dust outlet.
8. A vacuum smelting system for stibnite according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a crushing apparatus (80), said crushing apparatus (80) being adapted to control the particle size of said stibnite, said reducing fuel and said alkaline additive.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111139368A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Vacuum smelting system and vacuum smelting method for stibnite |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111139368A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Vacuum smelting system and vacuum smelting method for stibnite |
| CN111139368B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2023-09-29 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Vacuum smelting system and vacuum smelting method for stibium ore |
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