CN219303718U - Proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system, which comprises a thermal management circulation loop, a pile, a water pump and a temperature regulating device, wherein the thermal management circulation loop is sequentially and circularly connected with the pile, the water pump and the temperature regulating device, and a liquid medium flows in the thermal management circulation loop; the temperature regulating device comprises a semiconductor refrigerator, a first water tank and a second water tank which are connected, the semiconductor refrigerator comprises a heat absorption conductor and a heat release conductor, the heat absorption conductor is arranged in the first water tank, and when the liquid medium flows through the first water tank, cooling and heat dissipation treatment are carried out; the heat release and conduction device is arranged in the second water tank, and heating and temperature raising treatment is carried out when the liquid medium flows through the second water tank. The utility model reduces the flow resistance in the thermal management system so as to reduce the input cost of the water pump.

Description

A proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a thermal management system of a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell.

Background technique

Fuel cell technology is one of the most important key technologies for mankind to utilize renewable energy in the 21st century, and proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell (PEMFC for short) is one of the important fuel cell technologies with good development prospects. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell is to provide hydrogen and air from the outside to enter the interior of the fuel cell for electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy to drive the load. However, in order for the fuel cell to operate normally and effectively, in addition to the supply of hydrogen and air, there are also strict requirements on the temperature. Require. Therefore, the thermal management system is to meet the temperature requirements of the fuel cell under different operating conditions.

Among them, the thermal management system uses the liquid medium as the medium, and the water pump is used as its main driving source. Under high temperature conditions, the heat of the liquid medium is discharged from the system by using heat dissipation components (such as radiators) to ensure that the stack is maintained at the optimum level. Under low temperature conditions, the liquid medium is heated by heating components (such as water heaters) to ensure the fast and normal start-up of the stack. In the related technology, due to the heating principle of the water heater, the liquid medium flows through the narrow and winding flow channel, and the heating wire wrapped outside the flow channel is used to heat the liquid medium to heat up, and the flow generated by the liquid medium The resistance is large, so that the water pump needs to choose a relatively large head, which leads to an increase in the input cost of the water pump.

Utility model content

The main purpose of the utility model is to propose a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system, aiming at reducing the flow resistance in the thermal management system, so as to reduce the input cost of the water pump.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model proposes a thermal management system of a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell, including a thermal management circulation loop, and the thermal management circulation loop sequentially circulates connected electric stacks, water pumps and temperature adjustment devices, and the thermal management circulation loop A liquid medium flows in the circulating circuit; the temperature regulating device includes a semiconductor refrigerator and a connected first water tank and a second water tank, and the semiconductor refrigerator includes a heat-absorbing conductor and a heat-dissipating conductor, and the heat-absorbing conductor is arranged on The first water tank performs cooling and heat dissipation treatment when the liquid medium flows through the first water tank; the heat radiation conductor is arranged in the second water tank, and when the liquid medium flows through the second water tank Carry out heating and temperature raising treatment.

Optionally, the heat-absorbing conductor is an N-type semiconductor block and the heat-dissipating conductor is a P-type semiconductor block, or, the heat-absorbing conductor is a P-type semiconductor block and the heat-dissipating conductor is an N-type semiconductor block.

Optionally, the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the first water tank communicate with the thermal management circuit through the first pipeline and the second pipeline respectively; the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the second water tank respectively pass through The third pipeline and the fourth pipeline are in communication with the thermal management circulation loop, and a thermostat is arranged at a connection between the third pipeline and the thermal management circulation loop.

Optionally, the second water tank is connected to a heat recovery system through a fifth pipeline, and the heat recovery system is used to recycle the heated liquid medium.

Optionally, the thermal management circulation circuit further includes a radiator, the radiator is connected in parallel with the temperature adjustment device, and the radiator is used to cool and dissipate the liquid medium.

Optionally, a two-way valve is provided on the first pipeline.

Optionally, the thermal management loop further includes a filter, the filter is arranged between the temperature adjustment device and the electric stack; the filter is used to filter impurities from the liquid medium.

Optionally, the thermal management circulation circuit further includes an expansion tank, and a water supply pipeline of the expansion tank is connected to an inlet end of the water pump.

Optionally, the exhaust pipeline of the expansion tank is connected to the inlet end of the electric stack, and a deionizer is arranged on the exhaust pipeline.

Optionally, a temperature sensor is provided at the inlet end of the electric stack, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the temperature adjusting device.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects:

The utility model replaces the water heater with a temperature regulating device, and uses the temperature regulating device to cool and dissipate heat or heat up the liquid medium, so as to ensure that the electric stack maintains the most suitable temperature for operation and ensures that the electric stack starts quickly and normally. At the same time, since the temperature regulating device cools and dissipates heat or heats up the liquid medium in the first water tank and the second water tank through the heat-absorbing conductor and the heat-radiating conductor of the semiconductor refrigerator respectively, compared with the water heater, the temperature of the water tank structure The flow resistance of the regulating device to the liquid medium is relatively small, so when selecting a water pump, a water pump with a small head and low price can be selected to reduce the input cost of the water pump.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are only some embodiments of the utility model, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the first structural diagram of an embodiment of the utility model proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system;

Fig. 2 is the second structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the thermal management system of the proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention.

The names of the components marked in the figure are as follows:

label name label name 1 thermal management loop 2 stack 3 water pump 4 thermostat 5 semiconductor refrigerator 501 Heat absorbing conductor 502 exothermic conductor 6 first water tank 601 first line 602 Second pipeline 603 Two-way valve 7 second water tank 701 third line 702 Fourth pipeline 703 thermostat 704 fifth line 8 heat recovery system 9 heat sink 10 filter 11 Expansion tank 12 Deionizer 13 Temperature Sensor

Detailed ways

The technical solution in the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the utility model. Obviously, what is described is only a part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

This embodiment discloses a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system, referring to the accompanying drawing 1, including a thermal management loop 1, the thermal management loop 1 is sequentially connected to an electric stack 2, a water pump 3 and a temperature adjustment device 4, A liquid medium flows in the thermal management circulation circuit 1; the temperature regulating device 4 includes a semiconductor refrigerator 5 and a connected first water tank 6 and a second water tank 7, and the semiconductor refrigerator 5 includes a heat absorbing conductor 501 and a heat releasing conductor 502. The thermal conductor 501 is set in the first water tank 6, and performs cooling and heat dissipation treatment when the liquid medium flows through the first water tank 6;

In this embodiment, by replacing the water heater with the temperature adjustment device 4, the temperature adjustment device 4 is used to cool and dissipate heat or heat up the liquid medium to ensure that the electric stack 2 is maintained at the most suitable temperature and that the electric stack 2 is fast and normal start up. Simultaneously, since the temperature regulating device 4 cools and dissipates heat or heats up the liquid medium in the first water tank 6 and the second water tank 7 through the heat-absorbing conductor 501 and the heat-radiating conductor 502 of the semiconductor refrigerator 5 respectively, compared with water heating The temperature regulating device 4 of the water tank structure has a relatively small flow resistance to the liquid medium, so when selecting the water pump 3, a water pump 3 with a small head and low price can be selected to reduce the input cost of the water pump 3. At the same time, because the thermal inertia of the semiconductor refrigerator 5 is very small, the cooling and heating time is very fast. When the hot end has good heat dissipation and the cold end is empty, the semiconductor refrigerator 5 can reach the maximum temperature difference in less than one minute after being powered on, realizing liquid medium rapid cooling and heating.

Specifically, the heat-absorbing conductor 501 is an N-type semiconductor block and the heat-dissipating conductor 502 is a P-type semiconductor block, or the heat-absorbing conductor 501 is a P-type semiconductor block and the heat-dissipating conductor 502 is an N-type semiconductor block. Such arrangement utilizes the Peltier effect in the semiconductor refrigerator 5, wherein the Peltier effect refers to that when a current passes through a circuit composed of different conductors, in addition to generating irreversible Joule heat, at the joints of different conductors with Depending on the direction of the current, there will be heat absorption and heat release. The movement of charge carriers in the conductor forms an electric current. Since the charge carrier is at different energy levels in different materials, when it moves from a high energy level to a low energy level, it releases excess energy; on the contrary, when it moves from a low energy level to a high energy level, it absorbs energy from the outside. Energy is absorbed or released in the form of heat at the interface of two materials. This effect is reversible, if the direction of the current flow is reversed, heat absorption is converted into heat release. Based on the above, the heat-absorbing conductor 501 and the heat-dissipating conductor 502 must be semiconductor blocks of different materials. Therefore, a pair of thermocouples composed of N and P-type semiconductor blocks are used. In different directions, heat absorption and heat dissipation will occur at the junction of the galvanic couple. In this way, the purpose of cooling or heating the liquid medium can be achieved.

Specifically, the water inlet and outlet of the first water tank 6 communicate with the thermal management circuit 1 through the first pipeline 601 and the second pipeline 602 respectively; the water inlet and outlet of the second water tank 7 respectively pass through the third The pipeline 701 and the fourth pipeline 702 are in communication with the thermal management circulation loop 1 , and a thermostat 703 is provided at the connection between the third pipeline 701 and the thermal management circulation loop 1 . With this setting, when the ambient temperature is low (usually 5°C), the fuel cell cannot start normally, and at this time, the thermostat 703 is adjusted to an appropriate angle, and the liquid medium is driven by the water pump 3 to flow through the second water tank through the third pipeline 701 7. Flow the heated liquid medium through the electric stack 2 through the fourth pipeline 702, and then return to the water pump 3 to form a water circuit for heating the liquid medium, so as to ensure that the electric stack 2 can start and work normally. Among them, the thermostat 703 can automatically adjust the amount of water entering the second water tank 7 according to the temperature of the liquid medium, and change the circulation range of the liquid medium to adjust the heat dissipation capacity of the liquid medium to ensure that the stack 2 works within a suitable temperature range.

As a preferred solution of the above embodiment, referring to FIG. 1 , the second water tank 7 is connected to the heat recovery system 8 through the fifth pipeline 704, and the heat recovery system 8 is used to recycle the heated liquid medium. In this way, the radiator 9 is not provided in this embodiment, that is, the cooling and cooling of the liquid medium is entirely in charge of the temperature regulating device 4, so the temperature regulating device 4 is in a fully open state. While the temperature adjustment device 4 has been cooling the liquid medium, the liquid medium in the second water tank 7 has been in a state of heating and heating. In order to avoid this part of heat waste, a fifth pipeline 704 is set in the second water tank 7 to connect The heat recovery system 8 uses the heat recovery system 8 to recycle the heated liquid medium, for example, connecting it to other equipment or daily domestic water, saving and environmental protection.

As a preferred solution of the above embodiment, referring to FIG. 2 , the thermal management loop 1 includes a radiator 9 connected in parallel with the temperature adjustment device 4 , and the radiator 9 is used for cooling and heat dissipation of the liquid medium. In this way, the radiator 9 is provided in this embodiment, and the radiator 9 is used as the main heat dissipation means, and the temperature adjustment device 4 is used as an auxiliary heat dissipation means, so as to avoid the burden of the temperature adjustment device 4 from being too heavy. Since the heat dissipation of the radiator 9 is greatly affected by the ambient temperature, it is easy to cause poor adaptability of the thermal management system to different working conditions, and the electric stack 2 cannot work smoothly and normally. Therefore, the temperature regulating device 4 is provided on the basis of the radiator 9 as an auxiliary heat dissipation means, so that the electric stack 2 is more stable during normal operation, and is more adaptable to different working conditions. Specifically, after the stack 2 has been working normally for a period of time, when the temperature of the liquid medium entering the stack is relatively high (usually 45-50°C), the thermostat 703 will close the flow of the liquid medium to the third pipeline 701 and the second channel. The valve 603 closes the liquid medium to flow to the first pipeline 601, so that the liquid medium no longer flows through the second water tank 7 and the first water tank 6, so that the liquid medium flows through the radiator 9, and at the same time, the stack 2 is undergoing an electrochemical reaction It is still accompanied by the generation of a large amount of heat, which will cause the temperature of the liquid medium in the entire thermal management loop 1 to rise. When the temperature of the liquid medium entering the stack is greater than 65°C, the fan of the radiator 9 starts to work. Through the liquid- The wind heat exchange method maintains the liquid medium at an appropriate temperature, and the liquid medium flows through the electric stack 2 to bring the heat generated to the radiator 9 for cooling, so that the electric stack 2 can be kept at an appropriate temperature for normal high efficiency Work.

Further, a two-way valve 603 is provided on the first pipeline 601 . So set, if electric stack 2 continues to run under extreme working conditions, or the ambient temperature of placing radiator 9 is too high, or the flow channel in radiator 9 li is blocked (existing radiator 9 cores all are the structural forms of microchannels) easily clogged) and other radiators 9 have insufficient heat dissipation, at this time the two-way valve 603 will be opened to allow part of the liquid medium to flow through the second pipeline 602 to flow through the first water tank 6 for cooling, and in the first water tank 6 The cooled low-temperature liquid medium flows back to the thermal management circulation loop 1 through the first pipeline 601 for circulation, ensuring that the temperature of the liquid medium entering the electric stack 2 is maintained at an appropriate temperature, so that the electric stack 2 is maintained at an appropriate temperature. The temperature can work normally with high efficiency.

As a preferred solution of the above embodiment, the thermal management loop 1 further includes a filter 10, which is arranged between the temperature adjustment device 4 and the electric stack 2; the filter 10 is used for filtering impurities from the liquid medium. In this way, due to the high cost of the fuel cell stack 2, if the thermal management circulation loop 1 contains impurities, it is easy to block the liquid flow path in the stack 2 and cause damage to the stack 2, so a filter 10 is installed in the heat pipe circulation loop Impurities in the liquid medium are removed to prevent impurities from entering the fuel cell stack 2 and damaging the fuel cell stack 2 .

As a preferred solution of the above-mentioned embodiment, the thermal management circulation circuit 1 further includes an expansion tank 11 , and the water supply pipeline of the expansion tank 11 is connected to the inlet port of the water pump 3 . In this way, the expansion tank 11 is mainly used to provide expansion space for the liquid medium in the heat management circulation loop 1, replenish water, stabilize pressure, exhaust, etc. The water replenishment pipeline is arranged near the inlet of the water pump 3, so that the liquid medium can be replenished to the water pump 3 in time, and the liquid medium cannot be added because it is not close to the inlet of the water pump 3.

Further, the exhaust pipeline of the expansion tank 11 is connected to the inlet port of the electric stack 2, and a deionizer 12 is arranged on the exhaust pipeline. Such setting, considering that the fuel cell stack 2 is relatively sensitive to the conductivity, and the conductivity in the liquid medium is too high will reduce the insulation resistance of the entire system, so it is necessary to set up a deionizer 12 to specifically remove the conductive ions in the liquid medium , reduce the electrical conductivity of the liquid in the entire system, increase the insulation resistance of the system, thereby increasing the service life of the fuel cell stack 2, and at the same time improving the electrical safety of the system.

It should be noted that other contents of the thermal management system of the proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell disclosed in the utility model are prior art, and will not be repeated here.

In addition, it should be noted that if there are directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiment of the present utility model, the directional indications are only used to explain (As shown in the accompanying drawings), if the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the various components are changed, if the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

In addition, it should be noted that the descriptions involving "first", "second" and so on in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes, and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the indicated technology number of features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist , also not within the scope of protection required by the utility model.

The above are only optional embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present utility model. Any direct/indirect application of the present utility model in other relevant technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system, characterized by: the system comprises a thermal management circulation loop, a pile, a water pump and a temperature regulating device, wherein the thermal management circulation loop is sequentially and circularly connected with the pile, the water pump and the temperature regulating device, and a liquid medium flows in the thermal management circulation loop; the temperature regulating device comprises a semiconductor refrigerator, a first water tank and a second water tank which are connected, the semiconductor refrigerator comprises a heat absorption conductor and a heat release conductor, the heat absorption conductor is arranged in the first water tank, and when the liquid medium flows through the first water tank, cooling and heat dissipation treatment are carried out; the heat release conductor is arranged in the second water tank, and the heat release conductor is used for heating and raising the temperature when the liquid medium flows through the second water tank.

2. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: the heat absorbing conductor is an N-type semiconductor block and the heat releasing conductor is a P-type semiconductor block, or the heat absorbing conductor is a P-type semiconductor block and the heat releasing conductor is an N-type semiconductor block.

3. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the first water tank are respectively communicated with the thermal management circulation loop through a first pipeline and a second pipeline; the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the second water tank are respectively communicated with the thermal management circulation loop through a third pipeline and a fourth pipeline, and a thermostat is arranged at the joint of the third pipeline and the thermal management circulation loop.

4. A proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the second water tank is connected with a heat recovery system through a fifth pipeline, and the heat recovery system is used for recycling the liquid medium after heating.

5. A proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the thermal management circulation loop further comprises a radiator which is connected with the temperature regulating device in parallel and is used for cooling and radiating the liquid medium.

6. The pem hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system of claim 5 wherein: the first pipeline is provided with a two-way valve.

7. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: the thermal management circulation loop further includes a filter disposed between the temperature adjustment device and the stack; the filter is used for filtering impurities from the liquid medium.

8. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: the thermal management circulation loop also comprises an expansion water tank, and a water supplementing pipeline of the expansion water tank is connected with the inlet end of the water pump.

9. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 8, wherein: and an exhaust pipeline of the expansion water tank is connected with the inlet end of the electric pile, and a deionizing device is arranged on the exhaust pipeline.

10. The proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: the inlet end of the electric pile is provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the temperature regulating device.

Images