CN214752538U - 3D printed brain hemorrhage model for puncture training - Google Patents
3D printed brain hemorrhage model for puncture training Download PDFInfo
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- CN214752538U CN214752538U CN202120955411.1U CN202120955411U CN214752538U CN 214752538 U CN214752538 U CN 214752538U CN 202120955411 U CN202120955411 U CN 202120955411U CN 214752538 U CN214752538 U CN 214752538U
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Abstract
本实用新型用于穿刺训练的3D打印脑出血模型，上颅骨和下颅骨的光滑分界面通过限位凹槽与限位凸台限位组合构成整体仿真颅骨，下颅骨内通过颅底底座安装柔性仿真血肿块，仿真颅骨内部还填充有柔性仿真脑组织，仿真脑组织包裹在仿真血肿块外部，仿真脑组织和仿真血肿块均为透明材料；仿照临床上任意真实的脑出血病例创建3D模型后，通过3D打印技术制作个体化模型，用于实际穿刺操作训练；能够完全模仿脑出血的病理生理变化，模型的穿刺体验逼真；操作完成后过透明仿真脑组织和仿真血肿块能直观检视穿刺针路径走形,清晰地判断穿刺效果；位置准确，并且可以重复利用或者回收再利用，结构简单，成本低廉，操作方便。
The utility model is a 3D printing cerebral hemorrhage model used for puncture training. The smooth interface between the upper skull and the lower skull is combined with a limiting groove and a limiting boss to form an integral simulated skull. The simulated blood mass is filled with flexible simulated brain tissue inside the simulated skull. The simulated brain tissue is wrapped outside the simulated hematoma. Both the simulated brain tissue and the simulated hematoma are transparent materials; , using 3D printing technology to make individualized models for actual puncture operation training; it can completely imitate the pathophysiological changes of cerebral hemorrhage, and the puncture experience of the model is realistic; after the operation is completed, the puncture needle can be visually inspected through the transparent simulated brain tissue and simulated hematoma The path is out of shape, and the puncture effect can be clearly judged; the position is accurate, and it can be reused or recycled. The structure is simple, the cost is low, and the operation is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical teaching's operation technique training, concretely relates to 3D prints cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training.
Background
Cerebral hemorrhage is a bleeding disease caused by rupture of blood vessels in brain parenchyma caused by various causes, the early mortality rate is very high, most survivors have complications and sequelae with different degrees, the surgical method for treating intracranial hematoma through minimally invasive puncture drainage is developed rapidly, and the surgical method has the advantages of small trauma, fewer sequelae and fewer complications, but the surgical effect still depends on the skill level of operators, the technical level of the operators needs to be improved through accumulation of practical experience, the manufacturing modes of cerebral hemorrhage models in the prior art are generally divided into three categories, and the problems of specific categories and defects are as follows:
first, cadaveric head-brain hemorrhage model: the source of the blood is rare, the bleeding type is uncontrollable and can not be copied, and the blood cannot be widely popularized and puncture training can not be carried out;
II, animal cerebral hemorrhage model:
1. autologous blood infusion method: manufacturing a cerebral hemorrhage model by injecting autologous arterial blood or blood clots; although the cerebral hemorrhage process in clinic can be simulated, the cerebral hemorrhage process is still greatly different from the clinical actual patient, the hematoma shape and size are difficult to guarantee, the repeatability is poor, and the cerebral hemorrhage process is difficult to use for operation training.
2. The collagenase method comprises the following steps: small blood vessels are dissolved by intracerebral injection of bacterial collagenase, which can simulate the generation process of hematoma enlargement and rebleeding, but is a symptom of a plurality of blood vessels (artery, vein and capillary vessel) and is different from the bleeding of one artery which is common clinically; and the bleeding mode is bleeding, so that the acute space occupying effect is lacked, and the bleeding is greatly different from the real cerebral hemorrhage symptom. In addition, bacterial collagenase is a foreign substance relative to the experimental animal itself, and can cause injuries other than cerebral hemorrhage, so that the change of the model is more different from the pathophysiological process of clinical cerebral hemorrhage. The hematoma size and the hematoma position can not be completely controlled, and the method is not suitable for operation training.
3. And (3) a microballoon bag inflation method: the micro-balloon is placed in the brain, and the size of the micro-balloon is controlled by adjusting the amount of liquid in the micro-balloon, so that the space occupying effect of hematomas with different volumes is simulated. However, the hematoma position manufactured by the method is not high in accuracy, and is difficult to be used for accurate measurement and positioning before puncture operation.
4. Spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage model: the problems of difficult acquisition of mouse species, easy variation, complex process, long time consumption and the like exist, the operation difficulty is high, and the bleeding position and the bleeding amount can not be controlled.
Most of the model species are rodents (common rat models), the anatomical structure of the rodents is greatly different from the human body structure, and the rodents cannot be used for performing operation training in the true sense; the nervous system of the primate is closer to the human in anatomy, but has high cost, lack of sources and ethical problems, and is only used for clinical tests of medicines; the above problems also limit the application of animal cerebral hemorrhage models in operation training.
And thirdly, a non-animal cerebral hemorrhage model:
1. coconut shell model: the cerebral hemorrhage model is made of coconut shells, konjaku flour, red ink, black ink, bean flour and the like and is used for training of removing hematoma under an endoscope. The model can help to be skilled in the process of removing hematoma under an endoscope and the use of related instruments to one degree, but the model has larger difference with the clinical cerebral hemorrhage condition, lacks important craniofacial anatomical marks and cannot realize the operation practice related to the minimally invasive hematoma drainage.
2. And (3) standardizing the model: the existing cerebral hemorrhage model in the market is a non-individualized cerebral hemorrhage model produced in batch, the material property of the model is far different from that of clinical real patients, the model still stays at the aspect of observation and study, and the aim of manual operation cannot be fulfilled.
In summary, there is a lack in the prior art of a cerebral hemorrhage model that can fully simulate the pathophysiological changes of cerebral hemorrhage, visually inspect the training effect, and be used for operation training to accumulate experience through practice, with low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a can imitate the pathophysiology change of cerebral hemorrhage completely to can used repeatedly, be used for the 3D of puncture training prints the cerebral hemorrhage model.
The utility model discloses the technical scheme who adopts does:
A3D printing cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training comprises a simulation skull, wherein the simulation skull is formed by combining an upper skull and a lower skull, the interface of the upper skull and the lower skull is a smooth plane, and the upper skull and the lower skull are mutually matched with a limiting boss through a limiting groove and are limited and combined to form the whole simulation skull; the skull base is arranged at the position, located at the skull base, in the lower skull, the replaceable flexible hematoma imitation base is arranged on the skull base, the flexible simulation brain tissue is filled in the simulation skull, the simulation brain tissue is wrapped outside the hematoma imitation base, the simulation brain tissue and the hematoma imitation base are made of transparent materials, and the colors of the simulation brain tissue and the hematoma imitation base are different.
The interface of the superior and inferior craniums extends obliquely from the location of the superior orbital rim on the anterior side of the cranium to the location of the external occipital tuberosity on the posterior side of the cranium.
The skull base is vertical cylindrical, a triangular prism-shaped positioning hole is formed in the middle of the skull base, the hematoma simulation comprises a simulated hematoma, the lower section of the simulated hematoma is connected with a triangular prism positioning rod, and the simulated hematoma is in spacing fixation on the skull base through the matching of the positioning rod and the positioning hole.
The simulated hematoma block comprises a transparent hematoma capsule wall, a first transparent flexible material is filled in the hematoma capsule wall in a filling mode to form a simulated hematoma block, and the hematoma capsule wall is fixedly arranged at the top end of the triangular prism; the hematoma capsule wall and the positioning rod are of an integrated structure, the positioning rod is provided with a hollow inner cavity in a penetrating mode, and the hollow inner cavity of the positioning rod is communicated to the inner cavity of the hematoma capsule wall to form the blood clot simulating filling tube.
The first transparent flexible material is 5% gelatin, and the toughness of the clot-simulating material is less than that of the hematoma capsule wall material.
The upper skull is provided with a plurality of limiting columns which vertically extend downwards on the interface, the lower skull is provided with a plurality of limiting grooves which are sunken downwards on the interface, and the number and the shape of the limiting grooves are consistent with those of the limiting columns.
Four cylindrical limiting columns which vertically extend downwards are arranged on the interface of the upper skull; four round counter bores are arranged on the interface of the lower skull, the depth of each counter bore is larger than or equal to the length of the limiting column, and a limiting groove is formed.
The upper skull and the lower skull are integrally formed through a 3D printing process respectively, and the skull base is integrally formed through a 3D printing process of the lower skull.
The simulated brain tissue is formed by a second transparent flexible material through a perfusion process, and the second transparent flexible material is carrageenan or silica gel.
The utility model has the advantages that:
A3D prints the cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training, imitate clinical any real cerebral hemorrhage case and print the individuation model, is used for actual puncture operation training; the pathological and physiological changes of cerebral hemorrhage can be completely simulated, and the puncture experience of the model is vivid; the puncture effect can be immediately verified on site after the operation is finished; the model has low cost and can be popularized and applied;
1. make clinical patient individualized cerebral hemorrhage model through 3D printing technique, can print required any case, 1: 1, simulating and restoring an actual case, and mutually matching and positioning a positioning rod and a positioning hole to ensure the absolute accuracy of the model shape and the hematoma position;
2. the positioning rod and the positioning hole are matched and inserted, so that the simulated blood tumor block can be conveniently replaced, the skull can be reused, and the materials of the simulated brain tissue and the simulated blood tumor block can be recycled, thereby preventing the material waste;
3. the hardness and elasticity of the simulated brain tissue and the simulated blood tumor are close to the properties of real human tissue, and the hand feeling is vivid during training operation;
4. the upper skull and the lower skull are designed in a boundary mode, the upper skull can be opened after puncture training is finished, the path deformation of the puncture needle can be visually inspected through transparent simulated brain tissues and simulated hematoma blocks, and the puncture effect can be clearly judged;
5. the interface between the upper skull and the lower skull is mutually matched, limited and clamped through a limiting column and a limiting clamping groove, so that the accurate position of the skull is ensured;
6. the model is manufactured through a 3D printing technology after three-dimensional modeling, and the model can be recycled, and is simple in structure, low in cost and convenient to operate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plane structure diagram of a 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a planar structure of a skull on a 3D-printed cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a skull under a 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a skull base arranged in a lower skull of a 3D-printed cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a 3D printed simulated hematoma block of the cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a simulated blood mass of a 3D-printed cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training, which is mounted on a base of an intracranial skull of a lower skull in a matching manner;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a 3D-printed simulated blood mass of a cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training after a clot-simulating material is poured into a wall of a hematoma sac;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a simulated brain tissue structure filled in the 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a blood-simulating tumor of a 3D-printed cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training and a base of the intracranial base of the lower skull in cooperation with the two-dimensional structure of the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11-14 are schematic views of three-purpose simulation blood lump and skull base cooperation installation three-dimensional structures for puncture training 3D printing cerebral hemorrhage model of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "front," "back," "inner," "outer," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a, provide a 3D prints model of cerebral hemorrhage for puncture training and manufacturing method thereof, whole plan scheme is: the individual model is printed according to any clinical real cerebral hemorrhage case, the pathophysiological change of cerebral hemorrhage is simulated, and the model is used for actual puncture operation training, the puncture process is experienced, and the operation experience is accumulated; and the puncture effect can be immediately verified on site after the operation is finished; meanwhile, the manufacturing cost of the model is controlled at a lower input level so as to be popularized and applied conveniently.
As shown in fig. 1-3, firstly, a 3D printing cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training is designed, a simulated skull is manufactured according to the shape and proportion of a human brain, the simulated skull is divided into an upper skull 1 and a lower skull 3 by an interface 2, and the upper skull and the lower skull are combined to form a whole simulated skull; the interface of the upper skull 1 and the lower skull 3 which are contacted and matched with each other is a smooth plane, the interface of the upper skull 1 and the lower skull 3 which are contacted and matched with each other is provided with a limiting groove 31 and a limiting boss 11 respectively, and the upper skull 1 and the lower skull 3 are matched and limited with each other through the limiting groove 31 and the limiting boss 11 to form an integral simulation skull; a skull base 4 is arranged at the position of the skull base in the inner cavity of the lower skull 3, and a replaceable flexible hematoma-like 5 is arranged at the upper end of the skull base 4; then, flexible simulated brain tissue 6 is filled in the inner cavity of the simulated skull, the simulated brain tissue 6 is filled and wrapped outside the hematoma-like 5, the simulated brain tissue 6 and the hematoma-like 5 are both made of transparent materials, and the colors of the simulated brain tissue 6 and the hematoma-like 5 are set to be different, so that the simulated brain tissue 6 and the hematoma-like 5 can be distinguished.
The simulated skull, the simulated brain tissue 6 and the simulated hematoma 5 are combined into an integral structure, so that puncture operation can be simulated, the pathological and physiological changes of cerebral hemorrhage can be completely simulated, and the puncture experience of the model is vivid; after the simulated puncture operation is finished, the upper skull is opened, the path shape of the puncture needle is visually inspected through the simulated brain tissue 6 and the simulated blood tumor 5 made of transparent materials, and the puncture effect is clearly judged; the puncture effect can be immediately verified on site; the model has low cost and can be popularized and applied to the majority of clinical medical operators.
Further, the interface 2 of the upper skull 1 and the lower skull 3 obliquely extends from the position of the supraorbital rim at the front side of the skull to the position of the occipital tuberosity at the rear side of the skull, and the upper skull 1 and the lower skull 3 are reasonable in parting and convenient to assemble and disassemble.
As shown in fig. 4, the skull base 4 of the inner cavity skull base of the lower skull 3 is a vertical cylinder, and a triangular tube-shaped positioning hole 41 is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the skull base 4; as shown in fig. 5, a blood-clot simulation mass 51 is first set in the blood-clot simulation mass 5, and a triangular prism is set at the lower section to form a positioning rod 52; as shown in fig. 6, the simulated hematoma mass 5 is fixed on the skull base 4 in a limiting way by matching the positioning rod 52 with the positioning hole 41, so that the positioning is accurate, the simulation degree is high, and the simulation training effect is good.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, the blood clot simulation block 5 comprises a transparent hematoma sac wall 511 located at the outer layer, a first transparent flexible material is filled in the interior of the hematoma sac wall to form a blood clot simulation 512, and the hematoma sac wall 511 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the triangular prism; hematoma bag wall and locating lever are for printing the integral integrative structure that constitutes through 3D, run through in that the locating lever is inside to set up the cavity inner chamber, and locating lever cavity inner chamber communicates to hematoma bag wall inner chamber, constitutes imitative blood clot filling tube, can fill first transparent flexible material for hematoma bag wall 511 is inside pours into through imitative blood clot filling tube.
The selection principle of the material for perfusing the blood clot imitation: in order to ensure the realistic feeling during puncture, the material simulating the blood clot needs to have higher softness, namely the toughness of the material simulating the blood clot is smaller than that of the material of the hematoma capsule wall, so that the first transparent flexible material is 5% gelatin, the material selecting toughness of the hematoma capsule wall is larger than that of the gelatin material, such as ABS, silica gel and the like, and silica gel is preferred, because compared with a blood vessel model made of ABS material, the blood vessel model of silica gel is closer to the real blood vessel of a human body, and the geometric shape and the tiny details of the blood vessel of brain tissue with complicated flow direction can be simulated one by one, so that a vivid blood vessel model is provided for simulation training; the material simulation of blood clots can be recycled after the simulated training is finished, and the cost is low.
Simultaneously hematoma bag wall's thickness can not be too thick to keep sufficient hematoma chamber space, but also can not be too thin, need ensure hematoma bag wall design effect, according to clinical common conditions and operation experience, generally set up hematoma bag wall to 1.5 ~ 5mm, select to set up to 2mm in this embodiment.
The color of the hematoma simulating material is set to be different from the color of the simulated brain tissue so that the puncture effect can be distinguished and observed by naked eyes; the hematoma-like material also has a degree of transparency to enable viewing of the location of the puncture needle therein.
Furthermore, a plurality of limiting columns 11 which vertically extend downwards are arranged on the interface of the upper skull 1, a plurality of limiting grooves 31 which are sunken downwards are arranged on the interface of the lower skull 3, and the number and the shape of the limiting grooves 31 are consistent with those of the limiting columns 11; preferably, four cylindrical limiting columns 11 extending vertically downwards are arranged on the interface of the upper skull 1, four circular counter bores are arranged on the interface of the lower skull 3, the depth of each counter bore is larger than or equal to the length of each limiting column to form a limiting groove 31, and in the embodiment, the depth of each counter bore is equal to the length of each limiting column, so that the position of the simulated hematoma can be accurately controlled.
Go up skull 1 and skull 3 down and constitute split type structure through 3D printing technology integrated into one piece respectively, skull base 4 also constitutes overall structure through the 3D printing technology of skull 3 down and skull 3 integrated into one piece down, need not to set up fixed connection structure in addition again, simple structure, and the technology is simplified, and the position is accurate, convenient operation.
The simulated brain tissue 6 is formed by a second transparent flexible material through a perfusion process, the second transparent flexible material is preferably carrageenan or silica gel, and the simulated brain tissue can be recycled after the simulation training is finished, so that the cost is low.
The utility model discloses still relate to the manufacturing method that above-mentioned 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training, including following operating procedure:
s1, collecting medical digital imaging and communication DICOM (DICOM) data of skull CT of a patient with clinical cerebral hemorrhage, importing the data into a computer provided with a Mimics software, opening the DICOM data, performing three-dimensional reconstruction, and performing corresponding processing according to model requirements:
s11, skull modeling and design processing: after reconstructing a skull model by using Mimics software, carrying out boundary design on the skull model, and then respectively simulating and creating 3D models of an upper skull and a lower skull; the front end of the boundary between the upper skull and the lower skull is arranged on the upper edge of the orbit to be horizontal, and the rear end is arranged on the level of the external tuberosity of the pillow;
s12, creating a clamping groove positioning structure on the interface of the upper skull and the lower skull, arranging four cylindrical limiting columns which vertically extend downwards on the interface of the upper skull, arranging four circular limiting grooves which are sunken downwards on the interface of the lower skull, and enabling each limiting column to be mutually adaptive to each limiting groove;
s13, synchronously designing a cylindrical skull base at the position of the skull base inside the lower skull in the 3D modeling process, and arranging a counter bore with a triangular section in the middle of the skull base; forming a positioning hole;
s14, modeling and designing the hematoma capsule wall: according to clinical DICOM data, a simulation hematoma block model is created in a simulation mode, the outermost part of the hematoma model is selected, and a hematoma capsule wall model is created;
s15, simulating and creating a blood clot simulating model perfused into the hematoma capsule wall according to the clinical DICOM data after the hematoma capsule wall model is removed;
s16, creating a triangular prism model at the bottom of the hematoma capsule wall model, wherein the length and the section size of the triangular prism are mutually adaptive to the depth and the section size of a counter bore in the middle of the skull base; form a positioning rod
S2, 3D model three-dimensional design drawing reconstruction: importing the model data of each part into PolyJet Studio 3D printing software of a 3D printer in an STL file format, setting relevant printing parameters and printing modes, and starting the 3D printer to perform model printing;
s3, pouring 5% gelatin into the hematoma capsule wall to form the simulated hematoma;
s4, assembling the skull model: the simulated hematoma is inserted into the positioning hole of the skull base through the triangular prism positioning rod; the upper skull is inserted on the lower skull in a mutually matched way through the limiting column and the limiting groove;
s5, perfusion of simulated brain tissue: turning over the skull, and pouring karaoke glue material into the inner cavity of the skull through the occipital macropore at the bottom of the lower skull to form simulated brain tissue; directly adopts the big hole 32 of the occipital bone as the perfusion opening; no perfusion hole is needed to be additionally arranged on the skull, and the operation is convenient.
And S6, turning the skull again to obtain an individualized operable cerebral hemorrhage model.
The method is used for printing the individualized model according to any clinical real cerebral hemorrhage case for actual puncture operation training; the pathological and physiological changes of cerebral hemorrhage can be completely simulated, and the puncture experience of the model is vivid; the puncture effect can be immediately verified on site after the operation is finished; the model is low in cost and can be popularized and applied, and as shown in fig. 8, simulation operation training can be performed through the window 12.
Simulation operation training characteristics:
1. make clinical patient individualized cerebral hemorrhage model through 3D printing technique, can print required any case, 1: 1, simulating and restoring an actual case, and mutually matching and positioning a positioning rod and a positioning hole to ensure the absolute accuracy of the model shape and the hematoma position;
2. the positioning rod and the positioning hole are matched and inserted, so that the simulated blood tumor block can be conveniently replaced, the skull can be reused, and the materials of the simulated brain tissue and the simulated blood tumor block can be recycled, thereby preventing the material waste;
3. the hardness and elasticity of the simulated brain tissue and the simulated blood tumor are close to the properties of real human tissue, and the hand feeling is vivid during training operation;
4. the upper skull and the lower skull are designed in a boundary mode, the upper skull can be opened after puncture training is finished, the path deformation of the puncture needle can be visually inspected through transparent simulated brain tissues and simulated hematoma blocks, and the puncture effect can be clearly judged;
5. the interface between the upper skull and the lower skull is mutually matched, limited and clamped through a limiting column and a limiting clamping groove, so that the accurate position of the skull is ensured;
6. the model is manufactured through a 3D printing technology after three-dimensional modeling, and the model can be recycled, and is simple in structure, low in cost and convenient to operate.
Example two: as shown in fig. 11, on the basis of the first embodiment, the artificial hematoma 5 is directly positioned at the position of the large hole of the occiput by the positioning rod 52, and the first transparent flexible material can be directly filled into the hematoma sac wall 511 from the position of the large hole of the occiput to form the artificial hematoma 512, without additionally arranging the skull base 4, so that the structure is simple and the operation is convenient.
The positioning rod 52 and the artificial blood tumor 5 can be limited by the aid of an external auxiliary structure when the artificial brain tissue 6 is filled.
Example three: on the basis of the first embodiment, a plurality of positioning rods are arranged in the lower skull 3, a plurality of trays 53 are fixedly supported by the positioning rods, and a simulated hematoma 51 can be fixedly arranged above each tray 53 respectively so as to simulate the condition of multiple hematomas in the brain; in the embodiment, at most 12 trays can be fixedly arranged, and the condition that 12 hematomas occur at the same time can be simulated.
The utility model discloses the actual operation process as follows:
1. collecting medical digital imaging and communication DICOM (DICOM) data of skull CT of a patient with clinical cerebral hemorrhage, importing the data into a computer provided with a Mimics software, opening the DICOM data, performing three-dimensional reconstruction, and performing corresponding processing according to model requirements:
1) reconstruction and design processing of the skull: after the skull is reconstructed by using the Mimics software, the skull is subjected to design of a boundary surface 2, and then the skull of the upper skull 1 and the skull of the lower skull 3 are respectively printed. The interface 2 is level anteriorly at the supraorbital rim and posteriorly at the level of the extraoccipital tuberosity. In addition, a cylindrical (or cubic, etc. and printed integrally with the skull) skull base 4 is designed at the skull base position below the simulated blood lump 5), and a triangle (or a quadrangle, a pentagon, etc.: corresponding to the shape of the connecting rod) is formed as a positioning hole 41 for positioning the artificial blood mass 5, the positioning part being contained therein as will be described later.
2) Design processing and reconstruction of the haematoma capsule wall 511: the hematoma capsule wall 511 is the outermost layer of the simulated hematoma mass 5 (used for perfusing hematoma materials), in order to ensure the accurate spatial position of the hematoma capsule wall 511 in the skull, a triangular prism (except for a cylinder, such as a quadrangular prism, a pentagonal prism, etc., which can ensure the stability thereof) positioning rod 52 is arranged between the hematoma capsule wall 511 and the skull base 4 by using the mics software, and the positioning rod 52 and the hematoma capsule wall 511 are of an integral structure. The prism-shaped positioning hole 41 at the center of the top of the skull base 4 right below the simulated hematoma 5 just can be matched and clamped with the triangular prism-shaped positioning rod 52, and the length of the positioning rod 52 and the depth of the positioning hole are preset to be consistent, so that the position accuracy of the simulated hematoma 5 is ensured.
2. And respectively importing the three-dimensional reconstruction design diagrams of the skull, the hematoma sac wall 511 and the positioning rod 52 which are processed manually into PolyJet Studio 3D printing software of a 3D printer in an STL file format, and starting the 3D printer to perform model printing after setting relevant printing parameters and printing modes.
3. Perfusion of the clot-mimicking 512 material: in order to ensure the vivid feeling during puncture, the blood clot simulating 512 material has higher softness; the color of the blood clot simulating 512 material is different from that of the brain tissue simulating 6, and the blood clot simulating 512 material can be distinguished under naked eyes; the clot-mimicking 512 material also needs to have a degree of transparency to allow visualization of the location of the needle therein. The gelatin material used in this new model was at a concentration of 5%.
4. Assembling the simulated blood tumor 5 and the lower skull 3: the lower section of the connecting positioning rod 52 with the blood clot 512 is inserted into the bottom of the positioning hole 41 of the skull base to determine the stability.
5. Perfusion of simulated brain tissue 6 material: since the puncturing operation does not require the anatomical structure (e.g., sulci, gyrus, etc.) of the simulated brain tissue 6, 3D printing is not required. In the novel device, the closure of cranial cavity is utilized to carry out perfusion of the simulated brain tissue 6 material through the macropore of the occiput. The simulated brain tissue 6 material is close to the touch feeling of normal brain tissue as much as possible (the reality of operation experience) and has higher transparency (effect verification can be carried out under direct vision immediately after the operation is finished). The novel middle perfusion simulation brain tissue 6 uses a carrageenan material.
6. Obtaining an individualized cerebral hemorrhage model which can be used for training operation.
The utility model discloses the advantage:
1. the utility model discloses a make clinical patient individualized cerebral hemorrhage model through 3D printing technique, can print required any case, for 1: 1, reducing, and simultaneously ensuring the absolute accuracy of the model shape and the position of the simulated hematoma 5 by virtue of the design of the connecting positioning rod 52 and the positioning hole 41 of the skull base 4;
2. the model can be disassembled and assembled by the connecting positioning rod 52 and the positioning hole 41 of the bottom base 4, so that the skull can be repeatedly used, and the materials of the simulated brain tissue 6 and the simulated blood clot 512 can be recycled, thereby further reducing the manufacturing cost;
3. the hardness and elasticity of the simulated brain tissue 6 and the simulated blood clot 512 are close to the properties of real human tissue, so that vivid feeling can be obtained during operation;
4. the design of the interface 2 between the upper skull 1 and the lower skull 3 ensures that the upper skull 1 can be opened after puncture is finished, and the simulated brain tissue 6 and the simulated blood clot 512 are made of transparent materials, so that the path shape of the puncture needle can be clearly observed under direct vision, and the puncture effect can be immediately observed;
5. the limiting groove 31 of the skull interface 2 ensures that the relative position of the upper skull 1 is accurate;
6. the consumption of model printing and materials is within an acceptable range, and the method can be popularized and used;
finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing specific procedures, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: the details of the technical solutions in the foregoing processes can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be covered by the claims and the specification.
Claims (9)
1. A 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training, characterized by: the artificial skull comprises an artificial skull, wherein the artificial skull is formed by combining an upper skull and a lower skull, the interface of the upper skull and the lower skull is a smooth plane, and the artificial skull is formed by mutually matching and limiting a limiting groove and a limiting boss to form an integral artificial skull; the skull base is arranged at the position, located at the skull base, in the lower skull, the replaceable flexible hematoma imitation base is arranged on the skull base, the flexible simulation brain tissue is filled in the simulation skull, the simulation brain tissue is wrapped outside the hematoma imitation base, the simulation brain tissue and the hematoma imitation base are made of transparent materials, and the colors of the simulation brain tissue and the hematoma imitation base are different.
2. The 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for penetration training of claim 1 wherein: the interface of the superior and inferior craniums extends obliquely from the location of the superior orbital rim on the anterior side of the cranium to the location of the external occipital tuberosity on the posterior side of the cranium.
3. The 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for penetration training of claim 1 wherein: the skull base is vertical cylindrical, a triangular prism-shaped positioning hole is formed in the middle of the skull base, the hematoma simulation comprises a simulated hematoma, the lower section of the simulated hematoma is connected with a triangular prism positioning rod, and the simulated hematoma is in spacing fixation on the skull base through the matching of the positioning rod and the positioning hole.
4. The 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for penetration training of claim 3 wherein: the simulated hematoma block comprises a transparent hematoma capsule wall, a first transparent flexible material is filled in the hematoma capsule wall in a filling mode to form a simulated hematoma block, and the hematoma capsule wall is fixedly arranged at the top end of the triangular prism; the hematoma capsule wall and the positioning rod are of an integrated structure, the positioning rod is provided with a hollow inner cavity in a penetrating mode, and the hollow inner cavity of the positioning rod is communicated to the inner cavity of the hematoma capsule wall to form the blood clot simulating filling tube.
5. The 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for penetration training of claim 4, wherein: the first transparent flexible material is 5% gelatin, and the toughness of the clot-simulating material is less than that of the hematoma capsule wall material.
6. The 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for penetration training of claim 1 wherein: the upper skull is provided with a plurality of limiting columns which vertically extend downwards on the interface, the lower skull is provided with a plurality of limiting grooves which are sunken downwards on the interface, and the number and the shape of the limiting grooves are consistent with those of the limiting columns.
7. The 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for penetration training of claim 1 wherein: four cylindrical limiting columns which vertically extend downwards are arranged on the interface of the upper skull; four round counter bores are arranged on the interface of the lower skull, the depth of each counter bore is larger than or equal to the length of the limiting column, and a limiting groove is formed.
8. The 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for penetration training of claim 6 wherein: the upper skull and the lower skull are integrally formed through a 3D printing process respectively, and the skull base is integrally formed through a 3D printing process of the lower skull.
9. The 3D printed cerebral hemorrhage model for penetration training of claim 1 wherein: the simulated brain tissue is formed by a second transparent flexible material through a perfusion process, and the second transparent flexible material is carrageenan or silica gel.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113160680A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-23 | 中山大学肿瘤防治中心（中山大学附属肿瘤医院、中山大学肿瘤研究所） | 3D printing cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training and efficient manufacturing method thereof |
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2021
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113160680A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-23 | 中山大学肿瘤防治中心（中山大学附属肿瘤医院、中山大学肿瘤研究所） | 3D printing cerebral hemorrhage model for puncture training and efficient manufacturing method thereof |
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