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CN203827757U - Slope collapse water and soil conservation system - Google Patents

Slope collapse water and soil conservation system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN203827757U
CN203827757U CN201420268813.4U CN201420268813U CN203827757U CN 203827757 U CN203827757 U CN 203827757U CN 201420268813 U CN201420268813 U CN 201420268813U CN 203827757 U CN203827757 U CN 203827757U
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China
Prior art keywords
water
soil
layer
soil conservation
hillside fields
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN201420268813.4U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张锦宇
翁伯琦
刘明香
罗旭辉
叶菁
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    • Y02P60/216

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  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model relates to a slope collapse water and soil conservation system, and aims at providing the slope collapse water and soil conservation system which effectively keeps water and soil of the slope surface, changes chemical and physical shape of foundation soil and recovers the ecology by balancing soil, fertilizer, water and seeds. The slope collapse water and soil conservation system comprises a plastic film mulching layer covering the slope surface. The plastic film mulching layer comprises a water and fertilizer enriched layer which is a sponge or water-absorbent resin or ultra-low-weight nutrient substrate layer.

Description

Hillside fields collapses hilllock water and soil conservation system
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of hillside fields and collapses hilllock water and soil conservation system.
Background technology
China most areas belongs to monsoon climate, and precipitation is concentrated, and precipitation in rain season often reaches 60%~80% of annual precipitation, and many heavy rains.Mountain and hill hypsography, the weathered crust of soil loosening very easily corrodes in shortage vegetation protection situation.The weather conditions and the geology and geomorphology condition that are easy to occur water and soil loss are to cause the main cause of water and soil loss.
1, natural cause.
Mainly contain wind and rain, landform, soil, four aspects of vegetation.
1. rainfall: producing the rainfall of water and soil loss, is generally the heavy rain that intensity is larger, rainfall intensity surpasses soil infiltration intensity just can produce earth's surface (super oozing) runoff, causes the erosion of washing away to earth's surface.
2. landform: ground line gradient is steeper, and the flow velocity of rainwash is faster, to soil to wash away the agent of erosion just stronger.Domatic longer, collect flow path surface more, scouring force is also stronger.
3. soil: grain-size composition.
4. vegetation: reach the effect that the vegetation cover of certain crown density has soil protection not to be etched.Crown density are higher, and what conserve water and soil is stronger.
2, human factor.
The mankind to the irrational utilization in soil, destroyed ground vegetation and stable landform so that cause serious water and soil loss.
1. the destruction of vegetation.
2. irrational cropping system.
3. open a mine.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of and is effectively kept domatic water and soil, change foundation soil physics and chemistry shape, recovered ecological hillside fields and collapse hilllock water and soil conservation system by the balance between soil, fertilizer, water, kind.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of hillside fields collapses hilllock water and soil conservation system, and it comprises and cover the plastic mulching layer of hillside fields on domatic, and described plastic mulching layer comprises liquid manure enriched layer; Described liquid manure enriched layer is sponge, water-absorbing resins or ultralight amount nutrient matrix layer.
Described sponge is bio-sponge or industrial sponge.
Described ultralight amount nutrient matrix layer is that physical property is dry density 30~900kg/m3, wet density 450~1900kg/m3, the material of total porosity 50%~80%.
Sponge, water-absorbing resins and ultralight amount nutrient matrix layer are the water suction water binding capacity material of high unit weight, and it can absorb the moisture of own wt decades of times to thousand times, nontoxic, harmless, pollution-free; Water absorbing capacity is strong, and water retention capacity is high.Be applied to agriculture and forestry aspect, can form at plant root " miniature reservoir ".Sponge, water-absorbing resins and ultralight amount nutrient matrix layer, except water suction, can also absorb fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, and discharge slowly to increase fertilizer efficiency and drug effect.
Described plastic mulching layer also comprises the overlay film wire side layer covering on liquid manure enriched layer.
Described overlay film wire side layer is sun-shading mesh, agricultural screen cloth, braiding PE cloth or family expenses screen cloth.
The effect of overlay film wire side layer is the bare area of controlling liquid manure enriched layer, and it has isolated thermal-insulation water performance.
Surface or its inner reinforcement fixed network that is provided with of described liquid manure enriched layer, described reinforcement fixed network is by some warps and the some longitude and latitude nettings that parallel is interwoven mutually anyhow.
On described liquid manure enriched layer, be also provided with water and fertilizer irrigation system; Described water and fertilizer irrigation system is to be arranged on the irrigation conduit on slope top or at domatic some irrigation conduits that are from top to bottom interval with.
It also comprises the several plant being implanted on slope body domatic.Plant growth be unable to do without soil and water, and hillside fields collapses the water and soil loss on hilllock, is to cause soil fertility to decline, and soil productivity is low, constantly the main cause of vegetation destruction growing environment condition.Plastic mulching layer is exactly to control hillside fields to collapse hilllock water and soil loss, makes water and fertilizer condition meet the requirement of earth's surface cover plant, and after plant growth, it has promotion repair function to surface conditions.The utility model is the safety stock after composite earth system works using advantage that this repair function brings, the basis that system imbalance destroys when preventing that extreme climate from changing.
The utility model arranges liquid manure enriched layer, and the object of overlay film wire side layer is by changing soil moisture content and infiltration rate, reducing soil water and soil loss.Liquid manure motion in soil is constantly to circulate by meteorological and plant, and existing income, has again expenditure.Exchange outward with system, in a kind of dynamic poised state.It is the result of the many factors comprehensive functions such as precipitation, plant transpiration, soil evaporation, rainwash, underground leakage that its reserves and section distribute, and is subject to the impact of soil self character, constantly changes in time with space.Liquid manure enriched layer is used for regulating soil grass-root liquid manure reserves and section to distribute, and its role is to change the physical characteristic of composite soil, makes it at infiltration rate, moisture holding capacity, and evaporability changes.Overlay film stratum reticulare surface layer is for regulating the composite soil formed by soil grass-root and liquid manure enriched layer and the balance of extraneous meteorological factor; by adjusting overlay film wire side layer hiding rare, controlling soil table water, to infiltrate surface area and evaporation surface be again the structure stress protective layer of soil enrichment layer simultaneously.
The utility model has the advantage of compared to prior art:
1, with engineering measure, administer surface, hillside fields, directly give soil enrobe, form composite soil, by adjusting covering physical property, change upper soll layer structure, it is simple that it has construction method, cheap, and the scope of application contains all gradients and all kinds of ground surface or terrain, because directly bank protection surface manually being designed, meteorological factor is regulated to control to the effect of the waterpower of soil, wind-force by manual method.The advantage with manual adjustment soil physical property.
2, with liquid manure enriched layer, cover exposed native face; after construction, protecting exposed native face; avoid water and soil loss simultaneously cover layer can conserve liquid manure, change soil liquid manure condition and adhere to condition, avoid novel species vegetation by water and soil, to be washed away in the early stage or because of water and fertilizer condition harmful effect vegetation growth.
3, of longitude and latitude netting, make the reinforcement line of liquid manure enriched layer, coordinate and can reinforce the former soil body with liquid manure enriched layer, not only can eliminate soil property variation and bring gravity and soil mechanics impact, but also can administer soil body avalanche, thereby reach the triple Comprehensive Control to water erosion, gravitational erosion and wind erosion.
4, on liquid manure enriched layer, add overlay film wire side layer and not only can improve surface roughness, accept top fallen leaves, avoid dry branches and fallen leaves to run off, make it on compound basic unit top, form new sod and form the new external condition of soil, simultaneously also can be as the fixed network of climbing rattan plant, for plant climbing, form crossings on different level vegetation with domatic grass, tree.
5, water and fertilizer irrigation system can be by liquid manure enriched layer is carried out to ridge irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, and it can protect slope plants under extreme weather conditions, ensures the stability of plant growing condition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is that the A-A of Fig. 1 is to cutaway view.
Fig. 3 is the engineering construction flow chart of the utility model embodiment.
Label declaration: 1 liquid manure enriched layer, 2 overlay film wire side layers, 3 warps, 4 parallels, 5 irrigation conduits, 6 plants, 7 is domatic.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment, the utility model content is elaborated:
A kind of hillside fields providing for the utility model as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2 collapses the embodiment schematic diagram of hilllock water and soil conservation system, and it comprises the plastic mulching layer covering on hillside fields domatic 7, and described plastic mulching layer comprises liquid manure enriched layer 1; Described liquid manure enriched layer 1 is sponge, super absorbent resin or ultralight amount nutrient matrix layer.
Described sponge is bio-sponge or industrial sponge.
Described ultralight amount nutrient matrix layer refers to and meets plant growing condition, has the light material of certain permeance property, water-holding capacity and spatial stability.
Its physical property is generally: dry density 30~900kg/m3, and wet density 450~1900kg/m3, total porosity 50%~80%, such as: mellow earth, vermiculite, peat, perlite, expanded ceramsite, crystal mud, dry branches and fallen leaves plywood or high pressure pressboard etc.
Such as: adopt the composting materials such as peat, perlite, dry branches and fallen leaves, prepare following cultivation nutrition substrate.
1. vermiculite: a kind of hydrous magnesium aluminosilicate, can provide a certain amount of potassium, the nutriments such as a small amount of calcium, magnesium.
2. peat: be the plant remains of low temperature, wetland through the accumulation of thousands of years, under the condition lower at temperature, rainwater is less, plant residue slowly differentiation forms.
3. perlite: by grey volcanic rock through pulverizing heating to 1000 ℃, a kind of white granular thing that expands and form.
4. crystal mud: be a kind of high-hydroscopicity carrier that stores moisture, nutrient and trace element.
Described plastic mulching layer also comprises the overlay film wire side layer 2 covering on liquid manure enriched layer 1.
Described overlay film wire side layer 2 is sun-shading mesh, agricultural screen cloth, braiding PE cloth or family expenses screen cloth.
Surface or its inner reinforcement fixed network that is provided with of described liquid manure enriched layer 1, described reinforcement fixed network is by some warps 3 and the some longitude and latitude nettings that parallel 4 is interwoven mutually anyhow.
On described liquid manure enriched layer 1, be also provided with water and fertilizer irrigation system; Described water and fertilizer irrigation system is to be arranged on the irrigation conduit on slope top or at the domatic some irrigation conduits 5 that are from top to bottom interval with.
It also comprises the several plant 6 being implanted on slope body domatic.
Plant growth be unable to do without soil and water, and hillside fields collapses the water and soil loss on hilllock, is to cause soil fertility to decline, and soil productivity is low, constantly the main cause of the environmental condition of vegetation destruction growth.Water and soil loss process is the result of the multifactor functionings such as landform, soil, vegetation, soil utilization, and wherein terrain factor all has certain influence to other factors.Its effect is different due to terrain slope, and the through flow velocity after rainfall is different with run-off, and infiltration rate is different, and soil moisture content difference because the size of the gradient, is determining the intensity, water and soil loss intensity, soil thickness of earth's surface corrosion function etc.The utility model is realized the control of slope rainfall infiltration speed, through flow velocity and run-off by liquid manure enriched layer and overlay film wire side layer are set.
The loss process of soil nutrient, is actually the interaction process of soil nutrient and runoff, is mainly manifested in: the dissolving of soluble nutrient in runoff in liquid phase of soil; Soil draws the desorb of attached mineral matter nutrient in runoff; Nutrient runoff yield is in domatic transmission and carried by water body.
Liquid manure enriched layer also has the better moisture holding capacity of the soil of comparing and moisture permeable.The moisture holding capacity of soil is directly decided by the structure of soil, the suitable bulk density of soil is very important for soil water-retaining, the topsoil soil that unit weight is little easily evaporates, lower floor easily permeates, and the soil that unit weight is too large is unfavorable for that precipitation infiltrates soil, easily causes runoff loss.The quality of soil affects water retention in soil and moisture penetration speed to a great extent.
Overlay film wire side layer covers on liquid manure enriched layer, can regulate various outside meteorological factors for example, on the impact of soil (solar radiation, soil infiltration, soil evaporation, soil temperature), control various extrinsicfactors to slope soil liquid manure motor fluctuation, make the liquid manure amount in soil reach a balance.
For the ease of the technical solution of the utility model is further detailed, now in conjunction with the construction process figure shown in Fig. 3, the utility model technology construction process is further described:
One, data acquisition:
The utility model is to use engineering film-mulching technique, reaches the balance of setting up wind and rain, landform, soil, vegetation four key elements.The fundamental of its equilibrium establishment model is corresponding be exactly meteorological landform soil plant factor, their effect respectively:
Meteorological factor: wind rain sunshine aerial temperature and humidity condition;
Terrain factor: the gradient, slope aspect-gradient affect erosion by wind and rain intensity, slope aspect affects sunshine and temperature and humidity conditions;
The water binding capacity of edaphic factor: soil physical chemistry--soil, the content of organic matter and nutrient supply are the material bases that affects revegetation; Soil moisture and nutrient are critical limitation factors of plant life, distribution and growth, are also key factors that determines soil productivity; Only have on the basis that original soil physical and chemical property is understood, could design suitable water and fertilizer condition according to vegetation condition;
Plant factor: floristics, to environmental requirement, is the goal condition that hillside fields collapses hilllock water and soil conservation is Functional Design part.
Two, plastic mulching layer design:
Determine liquid manure enriched layer thickness: the moisture holding capacity of soil is directly decided by the structure of soil, the suitable bulk density of soil is very important for soil water-retaining, the topsoil soil that unit weight is little easily evaporates, lower floor easily permeates, the soil that unit weight is too large is unfavorable for that precipitation infiltrates soil, easily causes runoff loss.The quality of soil affects water retention in soil and moisture penetration speed to a great extent.Liquid manure enriched layer thickness is determined by the EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS of precipitation condition, soil evaporation and plant transpiration.
Determine the rate of sheltering from heat or light of overlay film wire side layer---controlling ground temperature, evaporation, soil infiltration amount, is the regulating course of composite soil moisture penetration and soil evaporation balance.
Three, Planting Design:
According to floristics, to environmental requirement and soil grass-root (native soil) condition, determine initial liquid manure design, soil melioration design parameter, design is applicable to the earth's surface cover layer of local condition.
Four, film production construction:
By Fig. 1, make plastic mulching layer, according to planting conditions, to hole-ground film, after on-the-spot installation, implant plantation cup (also can when making plastic mulching layer, seed be put into), plastic mulching Ceng Wei structure basic unit, plays fixation to new plant.
Five, plant maintenance:
Ridge irrigation and sprinkling irrigation.According to soil condition design liquid manure parameter, improvement chemical composition of soil, forms the liquid manure supply condition that is applicable to plant.
It should be noted that, listed in Fig. 3 " repairing planning, soil melioration planning, development of system " only needs according to concrete domatic basic data, and formulations such as the gradient, precipitation, domatic soil layer situation forms.

Claims (8)

1. hillside fields collapses a hilllock water and soil conservation system, it is characterized in that: it comprises the plastic mulching layer covering on hillside fields domatic (7), and described plastic mulching layer comprises liquid manure enriched layer (1); Described liquid manure enriched layer (1) is sponge, water-absorbing resins or ultralight amount nutrient matrix layer.
2. hillside fields according to claim 1 collapses hilllock water and soil conservation system, it is characterized in that: described plastic mulching layer also comprises the overlay film wire side layer (2) covering on liquid manure enriched layer (1).
3. hillside fields according to claim 2 collapses hilllock water and soil conservation system, it is characterized in that: described overlay film wire side layer (2) is sun-shading mesh, agricultural screen cloth, braiding PE cloth or family expenses screen cloth.
4. according to the hillside fields described in claim 1-3 any one, collapse hilllock water and soil conservation system, it is characterized in that: described sponge is bio-sponge or industrial sponge.
5. according to the hillside fields described in claim 1-3 any one, collapse hilllock water and soil conservation system, it is characterized in that: described ultralight amount nutrient matrix layer is that physical property is dry density 30~900kg/m3, wet density 450~1900kg/m3, the material of total porosity 50%~80%.
6. according to the hillside fields described in claim 1-3 any one, collapse hilllock water and soil conservation system, it is characterized in that: surface or its inner reinforcement fixed network that is provided with of described liquid manure enriched layer (1), the longitude and latitude netting of described reinforcement fixed network for being mutually anyhow interwoven by some warps (3) and some parallels (4).
7. according to the hillside fields described in claim 1-3 any one, collapse hilllock water and soil conservation system, it is characterized in that: on described liquid manure enriched layer (1), be also provided with water and fertilizer irrigation system; Described water and fertilizer irrigation system is to be arranged on the irrigation conduit on slope top or at the domatic some irrigation conduits (5) that are from top to bottom interval with.
8. according to the hillside fields described in claim 1-3 any one, collapse hilllock water and soil conservation system, it is characterized in that: it also comprises the several plant (6) being implanted on slope body domatic.
CN201420268813.4U 2014-05-23 2014-05-23 Slope collapse water and soil conservation system Expired - Lifetime CN203827757U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103975745A (en) * 2014-05-23 2014-08-13 张锦宇 Slope collapsing hill soil improvement system
CN105052633A (en) * 2015-07-09 2015-11-18 湘潭怡达荣耀工程材料有限公司 Agricultural forestry ecology tending pad and preparation method thereof
CN109845439A (en) * 2018-11-08 2019-06-07 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 Modern water-saving technology and circular agriculture system and its construction method
CN111535341A (en) * 2020-05-12 2020-08-14 淮阴工学院 Water and soil conservation device for geological soft surface and use method thereof
CN113615466A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-11-09 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 A planting method for slow-release of water and fertilizer at the root of navel orange in collapsed hill area and anti-erosion of topsoil

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103975745A (en) * 2014-05-23 2014-08-13 张锦宇 Slope collapsing hill soil improvement system
CN105052633A (en) * 2015-07-09 2015-11-18 湘潭怡达荣耀工程材料有限公司 Agricultural forestry ecology tending pad and preparation method thereof
CN109845439A (en) * 2018-11-08 2019-06-07 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 Modern water-saving technology and circular agriculture system and its construction method
CN109845439B (en) * 2018-11-08 2024-02-09 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 Modern water-saving technology and circulating agriculture system and construction method thereof
CN111535341A (en) * 2020-05-12 2020-08-14 淮阴工学院 Water and soil conservation device for geological soft surface and use method thereof
CN113615466A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-11-09 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 A planting method for slow-release of water and fertilizer at the root of navel orange in collapsed hill area and anti-erosion of topsoil

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Granted publication date: 20140917

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