Inverter
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of inverter, has: semiconductor switch; With the bus-bar electrically contacting with semiconductor switch; And printed circuit board (PCB), this printed circuit board (PCB) has for controlling the electronic component of semiconductor switch.
Background technology
For example also for the inverter of motor vehicle, be conventionally designed for motor is connected to high voltage source.Motor vehicle does not have the typical power train of wheel that kinetic energy is delivered to from engine conventionally.On the contrary, motor arrangement, in wheel hub, is extracted rechargeable electrical energy from inner storage battery/battery.The direct voltage of storage battery is typically converted to the three-phase alternating voltage for service meter by inverter.
A kind of such inverter generally includes: the housing of high protection class; Interface for direct voltage source and motor; For communicating by letter, the interface of transducer and actuator; Thyristor; Drive adjusting device; With for example, control unit for detection of physical quantity (electric current, voltage or temperature); And other is for controlling the electronic equipment of thyristor.Semiconductor element is typically designed to the modular unit with one or more integrated transistors (inverter).
Control unit is typically designed to printed circuit board (PCB), and it meets the top that destination is directly arranged in modular unit, and transistor energy interference-free is moved by corresponding electronic equipment.For this reason, a plurality of pins are set on modular unit, it has guaranteed the conductive contact with control unit by special printed circuit board plug.In distributed Driving technique device (wherein, drive adjusting device and drive electronics are integrated in engine), drive adjusting device can not be arranged in the below of modular unit.
Due to the high motor current of occurred about 250 effective amperes that are in operation, electric current is not easy to guide by the printed circuit of printed circuit board (PCB), and must guide by bus-bar in other words.The bus-bar of the current transformer that has integrated shunt resistor and/or directly form is usually used in this inverter as current detecting system.
The current transformer directly forming generally includes the magnet ring as magnetic current concentrator, and bus-bar is directed in installment state by this magnet ring.Between ring inwall and bus-bar, typically there is air gap, in this air gap, be furnished with the Hall element as magnetic rock transducer.Hall element detects magnetic current, produces thus electric current mobile in bus-bar.The size of magnetic current is the standard for current strength.In addition, the shortcoming of this detection system is that measuring accuracy reduction and structural volume are large, thereby makes the use of distributed drive adjusting device in inverter become difficult or can not realize.
In the situation that carrying out current detecting by shunt, printed circuit board (PCB) is typically arranged in shunt top together with attached reading unit.Electric current based on flow through bus-bar and shunt, this causes disadvantageous repeatedly electronic component heating when operation, thereby makes the use of distributed Driving technique device become difficult or can not realize.In this external this design, for the structure space that the stator winding of motor is connected to the interface on bus-bar because screw and joint coupling of cable are extremely restricted.
Utility model content
Therefore, the purpose of this utility model is, a kind of the simple in structure of above-mentioned shortcoming and joint space-efficient inverter avoided is provided, and described inverter is particularly suitable for using in distributed Driving technique device.
This object realizes according to the feature of inverter of the present utility model.Favourable execution mode of the present utility model and improvement project are the contents of dependent claims.
At this, according to inverter of the present utility model, comprise: semiconductor switch; With the bus-bar electrically contacting with semiconductor switch; And printed circuit board (PCB), it has for controlling the electronic component of semiconductor switch.Bus-bar is spaced apart with printed circuit board (PCB) and have shunt in this region at least in part, and this shunt contacts with printed circuit board (PCB) by contact element.The contact element that is used for tap shunt voltage and shunt is transferred on printed circuit board (PCB) can be designed as contact contact pin or contact wire.
By the interval of printed circuit board (PCB) and bus-bar, and by the contacting of contact contact pin and bus-bar, can be advantageously and avoid simply the unnecessary heating of the electronic component of printed circuit board (PCB).Can provide extra structure space in addition.Specifically, the control unit of semiconductor switch and the signal processing electronic equipment of shunt are arranged on printed circuit board (PCB).Thereby saved for connecting extra, the complicated welding process of signal processing electronic equipment and bus-bar and electrically contacting of signal processing electronic equipment and control unit.Specifically, provide thus the extra structure space for distributed drive adjusting device, thereby made the use of this inverter in distributed Driving technique device can be advantageously simple and save into local realization.
Due to the extra structure space that the interval of shunt resistance produces, in distributed Driving technique device, also can realize, the stator winding of the motor on bus-bar can conduct electricity coupling by for example screw and joint coupling of cable.
In a suitable execution mode, printed circuit board (PCB) is made by non-conductive epoxy resin or fibre reinforced plastics.At this, the printed circuit of printed circuit board (PCB) is formed by thin copper layer etching.Element, for example control unit or signal processing electronic equipment by SMD technological selection be arranged on face of weld or in welding hole.Thus, electronic component can mechanically be held simultaneously security of operation and connect conductively.
Bus-bar is preferably directly welded on printed circuit board (PCB) by contact contact pin together with integrated shunt.One preferred embodiment in, bus-bar is wide, low ohm copper track substantially, shunt resistance is introduced in this copper track.The electronic component of signal processing electronic equipment detects the voltage drop of the electric current for detection of the bus-bar of flowing through on shunt by contact contact pin.
In addition, signal processing electronic equipment refers to and adapts to booster and A/D converter, the Sigma/Delta-A/D-converter of current potential separation for example, this converter has analog output signal or serial data stream, and this serial data stream is converted to Parallel Digital parameter in for example microcontroller or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC).
Electronic semi-conductor's switch is particularly related to a plurality of bipolar transistors, field-effect transistor, mos field effect transistor (MOSFETs), igbt transistor and IGCT transistor.Preferably, particularly independent transistor or one for example have the modular unit of six integrated igbt transistors and idle running diode to semiconductor switch.
In a typical execution mode of the present utility model, distributed Driving technique device and control unit are the microcontrollers of carrying out on corresponding control program.But alternatively, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC) or field programmable gate array (FPGA) can be used for control inverter.
In a suitable embodiment, shunt is introduced in bus-bar by electron beam welding.By electron beam welding, at weld period, the bending between shunt and bus-bar is minimum.Because bus-bar and shunt be acutely heating sometimes when operation, thereby preferably uses dystectic metal or metal alloy, they particularly can simply and at low cost be connected to each other with inseparable the turning up the soil of high-energy-density when electric welding.
In a suitable improvement project, shunt is arranged in alternating current side with respect to semiconductor switch.In a preferred application, inverter is connected between the DC power supply and the motor with alternating current operation of motor vehicle.The layout of the alternating current side by shunt, can realize accurate especially and simple motor current by signal processing electronic equipment and control unit and detect.
One preferred embodiment in, for holding the particularly crimping element of the connection twisted wire of motor, be molded in bus-bar.In a suitable execution mode, crimping element is directly integrated in bus-bar as crimp regions, and for example, with the form of sheet metal bending part, therefore especially in order to realize distributed Driving technique device, the structural volume of inverter can further reduce.The connection twisted wire of motor leads directly can be rolled onto on bus-bar thus.
In addition, crimping element is substantially designed to hollow cylinder form in a favourable improvement project, wherein, crimping element have one particularly perpendicular to bus-bar orientation, be positioned at the axial air gap on sidewall, maybe can be designed to sealing crimping sleeve.Realized thus crimping simple especially and joint space-efficient connection twisted wire.
Connecting twisted wire only guides by telescopic crimping element.Then the sidewall of the hollow cylinder shape of crimping element is crimped like this, and axial air gap seals substantially.Formed on the one hand thus the conductive contact between motor leads and bus-bar.On the other hand, connect twisted wire mechanically security of operation floor-covering roll limit element maintain.In this embodiment, bus-bar has formed the joint coupling of cable for motor leads substantially.
In a design simple in structure, bus-bar is stair-stepping substantially, and wherein, the cascaded surface of top has for the space on printed circuit board (PCB) by screw fastening, wherein, the cascaded surface of below in installment state, be arranged in printed circuit board (PCB) below.
In a suitable improvement project, contact element is molded on the side of bus-bar integratedly.In a same suitable improvement project, shunt and the center in region that contacts contact pin and be similar to the cascaded surface of the below that is arranged in bus-bar, and contact element is directed towards printed circuit board (PCB) towards top.Particularly one preferred embodiment in, contact element is the projection of the tab shaped of bus-bar, making bus-bar is to be made into sheet metal bending part, and contact contact pin be only bent upwards.
Above-mentioned purpose also realizes by the feature of motor vehicle.To this, motor vehicle comprises according to inverter of the present utility model, and this inverter is connected between high voltage interface and electronic drive motor.Can realize the drive mechanism of special saving space and cost thus, it is specially adapted to the drive motor of distributing operation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Next by accompanying drawing, further illustrate an embodiment of the present utility model.Shown in figure:
Fig. 1 illustrate in the diagram motor vehicle high-tension battery, travel controlling system, inverter and with the motor of its coupling,
Fig. 2 is the inverter with bus-bar shown in section in end view, and this bus-bar is for being connected to the connection twisted wire of motor leads of motor, and
Fig. 3 has the bus-bar of contact contact pin and crimping sleeve shown in perspective view.
Corresponding parts and parameter always have identical reference number in all figure each other.
Embodiment
The inverter 2 of the schematically illustrated motor 4 for the motor vehicle that is not shown specifically of Fig. 1.Inverter 2 comprises: the housing 6 of high protection class; IGBT module 8 as inverter circuit; Intermediate circuit 10; The printed circuit board (PCB) 12 with control unit 13, this control unit has integrated signal processing electronic equipment; Distributed drive adjusting device 14; And three bus-bars 16, for be coupled to respectively the connection twisted wire 18 of motor 4 with signalling technique.
IGBT module 8 comprises six igbt transistors with idle running diode that are not shown specifically, its in parallel like this and series connection, and IGBT module 8 is converted to the three-phase alternating voltage for the operation of motor 4 by the direct voltage of the high-tension battery of motor vehicle 20.Bus-bar 16 substantially for each phase coupling estimation of alternating current to connecting on twisted wire 18, wherein only have respectively in the drawings one to connect twisted wire and there is reference number.
This intermediate circuit 10 for avoiding intermediate circuit voltage, for example, is due to parasitic inductance, and electronics is arranged in parallel between high-tension battery and IGBT module 8 substantially.This IGBT module 8 is cooling at run duration by the water cooler not being shown specifically.
The control unit 13 of distributed Driving technique device 14 and printed circuit board (PCB) 12 is designed to respectively microcontroller substantially, and a corresponding control program is carried out thereon respectively.Alternatively, for example application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC) or field programmable gate array (FPGA) or their combination can be used for control inverter.
Be in operation, the travel controlling system 22 of motor vehicle is transmitted to distributed drive adjusting device 14 by the nominal torque signal M for motor 4, and this drive adjusting device sends to control unit 13 for regulating the alternating voltage of the generation of IGBT module 8 corresponding signal.At run duration, control unit 13 detects the electric current I ZK of the intercondenser 10 of flowing through and applies voltage U ZK thereon.In addition, control unit 13 at motor 4 run durations also by the flow through three-phase alternating current i of bus-bar 16 of the voltage detecting on the shunt 24 of tap bus-bar 16, and detection and motor 4 with the encoder 26 of signalling technique coupling, with rotating speed and/or the proportional engine signal P in position of motor 4.
Control unit 13 is particularly including signal processing electronic equipment, for process the ac signal i being detected with signalling technique.Here, signal processing electronic equipment is the ASIC of control unit 13.
In Fig. 2, illustrate in greater detail inverter 2.Printed circuit board (PCB) 12 has the interface that a plurality of plugs 28 are controlled as the signalling technique for IGBT module 8.Be essentially on stair-stepping bus-bar 16 cascaded surface 30 above it and have space 32, for holding screw 34, this screw and contact spring 36 are coupling on printed circuit board (PCB) 12 conductively.In addition, in the region that IGBT module 8 connects at screw, have the screw thread not being shown specifically, screw is engaging-in in this screw thread at least in part in installment state.
Printed circuit board (PCB) 12 is made by dielectric epoxy resin and is had a plurality of printed circuits that are not shown specifically, and this printed circuit is formed by thin copper layer etching.Element, for example control unit 13 or plug 28 are preferably mounted on face of weld or in welding hole by SMD technology on printed circuit board (PCB) 12.
Stairstepping based on bus-bar 16, bus-bar 16 and shunt 24 are spaced apart with printed circuit board (PCB) 12, thereby make can not melt operating being welded to connect of inverter 2.Can simply and at low cost realize thus, the control unit 13 particularly with integrated signal processing electronic equipment is designed for the signalling technique processing of detected ac signal i.Signal processing electronic equipment is the ASIC of control unit 13 particularly here.Extra structure space in housing 6 that produced thus, inverter 2 therefore can be used for distributed Driving technique-as in Fig. 2, can find out-.
As found out in Fig. 3, the approximate center of bus-bar 16 cascaded surface 38 thereunder comprises shunt 24, and this shunt is introduced in bus-bar 16 by electron beam welding especially.Due to the stepped design of bus-bar 16, bus-bar 16 is spaced apart with printed circuit board (PCB) 12 to a great extent, makes to be in operation, and when alternating current i flows through bus-bar 16 and shunt 24, printed circuit board (PCB) 12 unnecessary heating can not occur.
In the region of shunt 24, four contact elements 40 are molded on bus-bar 16 for voltage detecting.Other contact element also can be set and replace contact pin, this contact element is suitable for tap shunt voltage and transmits it to printed circuit board (PCB) 12.Bus-bar 16 is the sheet metal bending part of low ohm, wide, metal particularly, and wherein, contact element 40 is tab shaped projections of the cascaded surface 38 of below, and it is bent upwards for contacting with printed circuit board (PCB) 12.Preferably, bus-bar 16 is made of copper.Contact for example contacts to realize with the grafting of printed circuit board (PCB) 12 by contact element 40.Also can consider to be welded to connect.
Below the end of motor leads side of cascaded surface 38 on, crimping sleeve 42 hollow cylinder shape, that have axial air gap 44 is molded on bus-bar 16.This crimping sleeve 42-as in Fig. 2, find out-be the integrated joint coupling of cable of bus-bar 16 substantially, for holding and with signalling technique, printed circuit board (PCB) 12 being coupled to and being connected twisted wire 18.Cascaded surface 38 below crimping sleeve 42 is substantially perpendicular on its axial direction is arranged, makes in installment state, and connecting twisted wire 18 can approximately realize perpendicular to upside and the downside of housing 6.Realized thus a kind of special joint space-efficient design of inverter 2.
In there is no the state of crimping, the interior diameter of crimping sleeve 42 is a bit larger tham the diameter that connects twisted wire 18, make to connect twisted wire 18 can be with a wet finger by crimping sleeve steering to install.Next make crimping sleeve 42 crimpings, that is to say and be pressed onto so together, the microscler space 44 of substantially extending on the whole axial length of crimping sleeve 42 is sealed.Thus, connecting twisted wire 18 is mechanically crimped sleeve 42 on the one hand and maintains.On the other hand, produce thus the conductive contact with bus-bar 16.
The utility model is not limited to the above embodiments.Or rather, professional also can therefrom derive other variant of the present utility model, and does not deviate from content of the present utility model.In addition, be particularly allly relevant to otherwise combination with one another of independent feature that embodiment describes, and do not deviate from content of the present utility model.