A kind of entrained flow gasification chilling device
Technical field
The utility model relates to the Coal Gasification Technology field, particularly a kind of entrained flow gasification chilling device.
Background technology
The cleaning of coal is the great technical task in energy and environment protection field, the world today with efficient the utilization, also is one of gordian technique of Chinese national economy and social sustainable development.Coal Gasification Technology is the key of clean coal technology as the frontier technology of coal deep processing, conversion.Gasification is meant throws in coal in vapourizing furnace, and under certain temperature and pressure condition, organic matter with vaporized chemical such as steam/air or oxygen etc. series of chemical takes place in the coal, the solid coal is converted into contains CO, H
2, CH
4Deng inflammable gas and CO
2, N
2Process Deng incombustible gas.The coal gasification technology is very extensive in sector applications such as combined cycle (IGCC) power generation assembly, synthetic ammonia and synthesizing methanols, and vapourizing furnace then is the key equipment of gasification.Therefore, the scientific and technical personnel of countries in the world have researched and developed out various types of vapourizing furnaces.Wherein, air flow bed is compared with fixed bed, fluidized-bed, and air flow bed has coal and granularity adaptability and better technical feature preferably, is coal-based large vol, high effect cleaning, reliable combustion gas and the one preferred technique of synthesis gas preparation device.
The common feature of entrained flow bed gasification technology is that (3.0MPa~6.5MPa), high temperature (1300~1700 ℃), granularity are trickle in pressurization now, it is efficient to be swift in response, but handle, fail technical modes such as the material form is mixed with method, realization, furnace shell liner, deslagging, purifying treatment, waste heat recovery at feed coal different, forms different technical matters types.Wherein mainly comprise two kinds of characteristic technology schools, a kind of is that technology with U.S. Texaco company is the coal water slurry gasification technology of representative; Another kind is that the technology with Dutch Shell company is the dry coal powder gasification technology of representative.
The vapourizing furnace of U.S. Texaco company, coal water slurry is sprayed into downwards by the vapourizing furnace furnace roof, carries out the slag gasification in stove.Because the residence time wider distribution of material in this vapourizing furnace, the residence time of partial material in stove is very short, does not reach mean residence time and just overflows outside the stove, and therefore, efficiency of carbon conversion generally is lower than 95%.The gasification operation temperature of the vapourizing furnace of U.S. Texaco company is 1400~1500 ℃, and gasification operation pressure is 2.5~8.5Mpa.The worldwide commercialization of the vapourizing furnace market occupancy volume of U.S. Texaco company is big, technology maturation, it because of coal slurry preparation, metering, carry, control is simple, safe and reliable, the working pressure height can reach the low technical characterstic that waits of 6.5MPa and investment and be used widely.
The vapourizing furnace of Holland Shell company belongs to pressurization to spray formula fine coal slag tap vapourizing furnace.The dry coal powder is with pressurization locking-type coal bunker, by nitrogen or CO
2Gas delivery mixes to spray in the stove with oxygen and a small amount of water vapor, gasifier temperature maintains 1400~1600 ℃, and the slag of formation is discharged at the central bottom slag-drip opening, and returned cold coal gas Quench mode is adopted in the coal gas back of coming out of the stove.This stove is equipped with four coal burners, and the installing water wall, will produce saturation steam in water wall.
In China, the nineties, along with applying of combined cycle clean coal power generation technology such as (IGCC), under the subsidy of State Power Corporation, Xi'an hot working research institute takes the lead in having carried out the dry coal powder pressure gasifying technical study and has set up the domestic first cover dry coal powder pressure gasifying characteristic test apparatus and dry coal powder pressurization concentrated phase feed device, it is 700kg that day is handled the coal amount, and vapor pressure is 2.0~3.0MPa, and has carried out the research of dry coal powder gasification characteristic and dry coal powder concentrated phase pressurization feeder system.
Tenth Five-Year Plan Period, Xi'an hot working research institute is responsible for having finished the research of national high-tech research evolutionary operation(EVOP) (863 Program) problem " dry coal powder pressure gasifying technology " pilot plant test, invented the double-section dry coal powder pressure gasification process of band water wall and gas cooler, having built up scale is the pilot plant of 36t/d, vapor pressure is 3.0MPa, carry out tens kinds of coal gasification tests, and passed through national acceptance.
Eleventh Five-Year Plan is born technology bag design objective again in " green coal " (863 Program) project, further perfect domestic autonomous dry coal powder pressure gasifying technology.
The dry method gasifying process was primarily aimed at power generation application in the past, adopted dry method dust, was added with huge gas cooler system behind the gasification body of heater, and device structure complexity, manufacturing cost are relatively very high; And the coal water slurry chilling technology adopted the charging of coal water slurry form in the past, contain large quantity of moisture in the pan feeding composition, cause gasification temperature lower, a large amount of heat-energy losses, limited the scope of gasifiable coal greatly, adopt firebrick structure to make that the cycle of operation is short and need periodic replacement simultaneously in the vapourizing furnace, need establish standby boiler, increased running cost.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, provide contain more water vapour in a kind of raw gas, take cooled coal gas circulation chilling technology, cheap, entrained flow gasification chilling device that system total efficiency is high.
The utility model comprises the vapourizing furnace 1 that offers pneumatic outlet and slag-drip opening, the deslagging jar 3 that is connected with vapourizing furnace 1 slag-drip opening, be furnished with a group or more nozzle 8 symmetrically and evenly in the bottom of vapourizing furnace 1, the pneumatic outlet of vapourizing furnace 1 is connected with the raw gas import of Quench jar 4 by pipeline, the pneumatic outlet of Quench jar 4 is connected with the raw gas import of Venturi scrubber 11 by pipeline, the gas exit of Venturi scrubber 11 is connected with the gas inlet of washing tower 6, grey water treatment system is led in the lower end outlet of Quench jar 4, press the feedwater entry mouth of pipe in the sidewall of Quench jar 4 is provided with, the buck outlet conduit of washing tower 6 lower ends is connected with grey water treatment system; Upper end at vapourizing furnace 1 also can be provided with circulating gas chiller 7, the purified gas outlet part of washing tower 6 is circulated to vapourizing furnace 1 upper end coal gas chiller 7 by interchanger 10 heat exchange and carries out coal gas Quench in the stove, and rest part is delivered to the user as the synthetic gas of producing and used.
The inside of vapourizing furnace 1 is provided with water wall 2, water wall 2 bottoms are provided with the circulation water-in, top is provided with the steam outlet, and the circulation inlet end of water wall 2 bottoms is connected with the circulating water outlet end of drum 5, and the steam exit end on water wall 2 tops is connected with the entrance end of drum 5.Drum 5 is provided with deaerated water and replenishes the mouth of pipe and end-of-the-pipe in addition.
Principle of work of the present utility model is: this vapourizing furnace 1 bottom is furnished with nozzle 8 symmetrically and evenly, sprays into powdery or slurry attitude coal dust and vaporized chemical with setting speed by nozzle 8 in vapourizing furnace 1, and reaction generates and comprises CO and H
2Raw gas, raw gas flows in vapourizing furnace 1 from bottom to top, through vapourizing furnace 1 top coal gas chiller 7 and enter Quench jar 4 after cooled coal gas mixes and carry out the water Quench, enters Venturi scrubber 11 and washing tower 6 washing, purifyings then.Coal gas part after the purification is delivered to the user as the output synthetic gas and is used, and another part carries out Quench by 7 pairs of raw gass of coal gas chiller that heat exchange is circulated to vapourizing furnace 1 top.
The utility model has adopted that coal gas is up, underlying nozzle-type entrained flow gasification chilling technology, be that coal gas and melt cinder are reversed flow, coal gas upwards flows, the dry coal powder pressure gasifying chilling technology that melt cinder flows downward, this technology is not only applicable to dry coal powder pressure gasifying technology, is that the pressurized gasification mode of raw material is suitable equally to adopting the carbonaceous slip.This technology is cheap, the system total efficiency height.
Defective at prior art processes, the utility model has proposed the dry coal powder pressure gasifying chilling technology of coal gas upstriker first, the raw gas that this explained hereafter is come out contains more water vapour, can directly send into shift conversion step and do not need to add again steam or only need mend steam less, cheap, the system total efficiency height is Coal Chemical Industry synthetic ammonia, methyl alcohol, system H
2, synthetic wet goods industry optimal selection.Technology of the present invention takes to circulate cooled coal gas to raw gas Quench cooling in the vapourizing furnace, makes very easily Quench curing of liquid slag, prevents the follow-up system coking; Raw gas carries out Quench and washing in the Quench jar, do not need equipment such as gas cooler, has reduced investment and wasted work.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is an one-piece construction synoptic diagram of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is described in further detail.
Referring to accompanying drawing, chilling device of the present utility model comprises the vapourizing furnace 1 that offers pneumatic outlet and slag-drip opening, the deslagging jar 3 that is connected with vapourizing furnace 1 slag-drip opening, the slag-drip opening of deslagging jar 3 is connected with slag bath, the lime-ash that vapourizing furnace 1 is produced drains into deslagging jar 3 with solid-state form through slag-drip opening, is discharged to slag bath through the decompression of deslagging jar 3 water-fillings; Be furnished with a group or more gasification nozzle 8 symmetrically and evenly in vapourizing furnace 1 lower part of frame, gasification nozzle 8 can spray into powdery or slurry attitude coal dust and vaporized chemical in vapourizing furnace 1, vapourizing furnace 1 upper end is provided with coal gas chiller 7, the circulation cooled coal gas mixes by coal gas chiller 7 and vapourizing furnace 1 interior high hot raw gas, goes follow-up equipment to handle after making raw gas reach the design temperature scope again.The pneumatic outlet of vapourizing furnace 1 is connected with the raw gas inlet ductwork of Quench jar 4 by pipeline, the pneumatic outlet of Quench jar 4 is connected with the raw gas inlet ductwork of Venturi scrubber 11 by pipeline, the gas exit of Venturi scrubber 11 is connected with the gas inlet pipeline of washing tower 6, grey water treatment system is led in the lower end outlet of Quench jar 4, press the feedwater entry mouth of pipe 9 in being provided with on Quench jar 4 sidewalls, the grey water out of washing tower 6 lower ends is connected with grey water treatment system by pipeline.The purified gas outlet part of washing tower 6 is connected with the user, send the user to use, and another part carries out Quench by the entrance that interchanger 10 is circulated to vapourizing furnace 1 upper end coal gas chiller 7.Venturi scrubber 11 is provided with the washing water import, and bath water comes from washing tower circulation technology water system.
Vapourizing furnace 1 can be dry coal dust gasification furnace, also can be coal slurry gasifier.As be dry coal dust gasification furnace, then inside is provided with water wall 2, water wall 2 bottoms are provided with the circulation water-in, top is provided with the steam outlet, the circulation inlet end of the bottom of water wall 2 is connected with the circulating water outlet end of drum 5, and the steam exit end on water wall 2 tops is connected with the steam entrance end of drum 5.Drum 5 is provided with deaerated water and replenishes the mouth of pipe and end-of-the-pipe in addition.Water wall 2 adds deaerated water by drum 5, replenishes water wall 2 internal circulation systems, and drum 5 output steam deliver to the user, and drum 5 bottoms are provided with blow-off line; As be coal slurry gasifier, then inside is set to refractory materials.
Chilling technology implementation step of the present utility model is: initial period, the gasification nozzle 8 of a group or more that arrange symmetrically and evenly by vapourizing furnace 1 bottom, the reaction of coal dust or coal water slurry and vaporized chemical (oxygen or oxygen enrichment and water vapor) generating gasification, coal dust or coal water slurry and vaporized chemical (oxygen or oxygen enrichment and water vapor) generating gasification reaction (C+O
2+ H
2O), C: O wherein
2Be 2: 1, H
2O content is less relatively.1450 ℃~1700 ℃ of service temperatures, under the condition of working pressure 3.0MPa~8.7MPa, the generation temperature is 1300~1500 ℃ a raw gas.Vapourizing furnace 1 can be dry coal dust gasification furnace, also can be coal slurry gasifier.As be dry coal dust gasification furnace, then inside is provided with water wall 2, and water wall 2 adds deaerated water by drum 5, replenish water wall 2 internal circulation systems, and water wall 2 bottoms are provided with water-in, top is provided with outlet, drum 5 output steam are delivered to the user, and the bottom is provided with blow-off line; As be coal slurry gasifier, then inside is set to refractory materials.Raw gas is bottom-up flowing in vapourizing furnace 1, after coal gas chiller 7 coolings through vapourizing furnace 1 top, gas temperature is reduced to about 900 ℃, this is Quench first time of the present invention, be cured in this liquid slag, the lime-ash discharging is that the molten state lime-ash that vapourizing furnace 1 produces is discharged by the hearth deslagging system through deslagging jar 3; Raw gas after the process coal gas Quench first time enters Quench jar 4 and carries out the water Quench second time, make raw gas Quench below raw gas is directly fed Quench jar 4 liquid levels this moment, raw gas enters Venturi scrubber 11 by Quench jar 4 top outlet conduits and washing tower 6 carries out the raw gas washing, purifying after the Quench, the buck of Quench jar 4 is discharged by lower pipeline and is entered follow-up ash water system processing, when equipment moves, setting-out kept during Quench jar 4 liquid levels were replenished by the middle pressure feedwater entry mouth of pipe 9, in Quench jar 4, enter behind the raw gas greenhouse cooling Venturi scrubber 11 through with the process water mixing, washing after, raw gas enters washing tower 6 washing, purifyings again, and the buck of generation enters grey water treatment system by washing tower 6 bottom buck outlet conduits.Venturi scrubber 11 is provided with the washing water import, and Venturi scrubber 11 bath wateies are from washing tower circulation technology water system.A synthetic gas part that purifies the back generation is circulated to coal gas chiller 7 through interchanger 10 and carries out raw gas Quench process, and another part synthetic gas uses for the user by air delivering pipeline.
The utility model is not only applicable to dry coal powder pressure gasifying technology, is that the pressurized gasification mode of raw material is suitable for too to adopting the carbonaceous slip.The raw gas that its explained hereafter is come out contains more water vapour, and the cooling of the Quench that circulates in stove gas makes very easily Quench curing of liquid slag, prevents the follow-up system slagging scorification; Raw gas carries out Quench and washing in Quench jar, Venturi scrubber and washing tower, cost is low, and the system total efficiency height is highly suitable for Coal Chemical Industry such as synthetic ammonia, methyl alcohol, system H
2, synthetic wet goods industry.