CN201317814Y - Energy-saving aluminum reduction cell - Google Patents

Abstract

An energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell is installed in the electrolytic cell with a controllable high-low flow rate of the liquid aluminum layer in the electrolytic cell and an electric heating and heat preservation aluminum outlet. The upper surface of the cathode lining of the electrolytic cell adopts a concave-convex groove structure , the upper surface of the inner lining of the cathode carbon block can be used to produce molten aluminum, and the molten aluminum produced during the production process of the aluminum electrolytic cell can pass through the diversion holes of the polyaluminum settling tank and the aluminum outlet tank, and is controlled by the liquid aluminum interception device It flows into the aluminum pool immediately and continuously smoothly, which solves the problem of the adjustable level of the molten aluminum in the electrolytic tank and the amount of liquid aluminum produced, so that the height of the molten aluminum in the electrolytic tank and the level of molten aluminum produced can be adjusted by control. The method of stock can reduce and eliminate the negative impact of the aluminum liquid layer magnetic field and magnetic swirl on the electrolyte and the electrolytic pole distance, adjust and control the stable electrolytic pole distance and process parameters, so as to reduce the process voltage drop of electrolytic aluminum and reduce the power consumption of aluminum electrolysis the goal of.

Description

An energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell

Technical field:

An energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell is the equipment used for the production of electrolytic aluminum. The aluminum electrolytic cell is the equipment used for the production of electrolytic aluminum. Its main function is to make aluminum oxide produce thermoelectrochemical reaction under the action of low voltage and high current to generate electrolytic aluminum liquid. .

Background technique:

The current aluminum electrolytic cell is composed of two parts: the cathode lining structure and the anode structure.

The cathode lining is mainly the molten pool part of the electrolytic cell built by cathode carbon blocks, cathode steel rods and tamping paste. Its function is to provide a cathodic electrolytic molten pool that conducts a strong current to make aluminum oxide produce electrolytic aluminum. The upper surface of the cathode molten pool is a horizontal plane, which is the main working surface to realize the cathode conduction and molten pool functions of the electrolytic cell.

Between the lower surface of the anode carbon block and the upper surface of the cathode carbon block is an electrolytic working layer in which aluminum oxide undergoes thermoelectrochemical reaction to generate electrolytic aluminum.

During the electrolysis process, because the specific gravity of the aluminum liquid is greater than that of the electrolyte, it precipitates downwards and adheres between the upper surface of the cathode lining and the lower surface of the electrolyte to form a layer of aluminum liquid layer. This layer of aluminum liquid layer is not only the conductive layer of the cathode but also the cathode carbon. The protective layer on the upper surface of the block also forms a resistance, magnetic field and magnetic swirl layer of the cathode.

The molten aluminum is produced in the electrolytic tank, and the process of discharging the molten aluminum generated by electrolysis from the molten pool of the electrolytic tank is carried out by regularly and quantitatively absorbing aluminum. Within a certain period of time, the aluminum liquid cathode aluminum layer is produced. The layer level increases with the increase of the capacity, and a strong aluminum liquid magnetic swirl is generated under the action of the magnetic field. The fluctuation and impact of the aluminum liquid magnetic swirl lead to a large change in the pole distance composed of the electrolyte, making the electrolytic cell The higher the pole distance and the larger the voltage drop value, the greater the power consumption of the electrolytic aluminum process.

The magnetic swirl flow of the aluminum liquid layer caused by the horizontal structure design of the upper surface of the cathode lining of the electrolytic bath bath, and the process of regularly and quantitatively discharging aluminum from the electrolytic bath bath, and the process resistance loss caused by the impact change of the magnetic swirl flow , not only the uncontrollable change factors of the electrolytic pole distance, but also the electrolytic pole distance voltage drop and power consumption are problems that the electrolytic aluminum industry at home and abroad are trying to solve.

In order to eliminate and alleviate the magnetic swirl flow that forms the aluminum liquid layer in the molten pool of the electrolytic cell, reduce the impact of the change of the magnetic swirl flow in the aluminum liquid layer, the negative factors that increase the electrolyte pole distance, and reduce the power consumption of the electrolytic aluminum production process, we According to the practice of electrolytic aluminum production for many years, the invention proposes and designs an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell.

Invention content:

The idea and purpose of the design of an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell is to produce the aluminum liquid layer formed by the aluminum liquid in the electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process, which can be artificially and automatically adjusted and controlled to make the electrolysis process The generated aluminum liquid layer can not only protect the cathode as a conductive layer, but also can be properly adjusted according to the process conditions to reduce the negative impact of the magnetic field magnetic swirl of the aluminum liquid layer on the electrolyte and pole distance, to achieve Adjust the height of the electrolyte and the height of the pole distance to reduce the power loss of electrolytic aluminum.

An energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell scheme is: the energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell is mainly composed of an electrolytic cell steel shell, a thermal insulation refractory layer, a cathode carbon block, a cathode steel rod group, and a side carbon block. It is combined with the upper anode device of the electrolytic cell composed of anode carbon block, aluminum guide rod group, anode large busbar and conductive lifting truss. The upper end of the aluminum outlet is equipped with an aluminum outlet tank, and the upper end of the aluminum outlet tank is equipped with an intercepting device and a heating anode device. The side or end of the aluminum outlet tank is provided with a polyaluminum sedimentation tank, and the upper surface of the cathode lining of the electrolytic tank is concave-convex. structure.

According to the above-mentioned design plan, install an aluminum outlet tank with a shut-off device at the aluminum outlet end of the cathode lining of the electrolytic tank molten pool. The aluminum outlet tank is provided with an aluminum diversion hole, a shut-off hole, and an aluminum pool, and they are connected to each other. Through, the aluminum tank is provided with a thermal insulation cover.

According to the above-mentioned design scheme: a shut-off device capable of controlling the height of the molten aluminum and intercepting the flow is installed on the aluminum liquid outlet groove. The device is composed of a shut-off rod, a lifting mechanism and other components. The closed size of the diversion hole can be adjusted by adjusting the depth of the closure rod and the closure hole.

According to the above design scheme, an aluminum liquid electric heating and heat preservation device is installed above the aluminum tank, which is composed of anode carbon blocks for heating, electrode fixtures, conductive rods and anode shunt system devices connected to the anode busbar.

According to the above design scheme: the side end of the aluminum outlet tank is provided with a polyaluminum settling tank, the bottom surface of the polyaluminum settling tank is lower than the bottom surface of the groove in the electrolytic tank, and the side surface of the polyaluminum settling tank is connected to the flow guide on the aluminum liquid outlet tank. The holes are connected. According to the above design scheme, the upper surface of the cathode liner of the electrolytic cell has a concave-convex structure, and the upper surface of the concave-convex cathode liner can be configured as a main diversion tank for molten aluminum and a branch diversion tank for molten aluminum. The bottom of the tank is inclined from one end of the electrolytic tank to the end with the aluminum liquid outlet tank, and the aluminum liquid branch diversion tank is arranged on the side of the main diversion tank, and is vertically distributed with the main diversion tank.

According to the above design scheme, the upper surface of the cathode liner of the electrolytic cell is a concave-convex structure, which can be constructed by two kinds of cathode carbon blocks with different levels of height and spaced apart from each other. A side aluminum liquid circulation groove is constructed between the blocks and the upper surface of the concave cathode carbon block.

According to the above design scheme, the upper surface of the cathode liner of the electrolytic cell has a concave-convex structure, which can be constructed by laying two kinds of cathode carbon blocks with different levels on the left and right. One end and one side of a high-convex cathode carbon block The side aluminum liquid circulation groove is constructed between the carbon blocks and the upper surface of the concave and low cathode carbon block, and the other end of the adjacent high-protrusion cathode carbon block is connected to the side carbon block on the other side. A side aluminum liquid circulation groove is constructed between the space and the upper surface of the concave low cathode carbon block, and an S-shaped line is formed on the upper surface of the concave low carbon block between the concave low carbon block and the convex high cathode carbon block on the inner upper surface of the overall cathode. Grooved horizontal aluminum liquid diversion channel.

The advantages of the present invention are: energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell, because an aluminum outlet trough with electric heating and heat preservation is installed in the electrolytic cell, and the upper surface of the cathode lining of the electrolytic cell is adjustable. The concave-convex groove structure can make the upper surface of the cathode carbon block lined to produce aluminum liquid, and the aluminum liquid produced in the production process of the aluminum electrolytic cell can pass through the polyaluminum settling tank and the diversion hole of the aluminum outlet tank, in the aluminum Under the control of the liquid shut-off device, it flows into the aluminum pool immediately and continuously smoothly, which solves the problem of the adjustable level of the aluminum liquid level in the electrolytic tank molten pool and the amount of the produced aluminum liquid stock, so that the height of the aluminum liquid level in the electrolytic tank can be adjusted by control And the method of producing liquid aluminum stock reduces and eliminates the negative impact of the aluminum liquid layer magnetic field and magnetic swirl on the electrolyte and the electrolytic pole distance, adjusts and controls the stable electrolytic pole distance and process parameters, so as to reduce the process pressure drop of electrolytic aluminum and realize The purpose of reducing the power consumption of aluminum electrolysis.

Description of drawings:

The structural design scheme of an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell according to the present invention can be understood more clearly by referring to the following drawings.

Fig. 1 Front view and section view of energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell with concave-convex groove in cathode lining as diversion groove structure

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the top surface of the cathode lining in Figure 1

Fig. 3 Front sectional view of an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell with concave-convex grooves lined with cathodes made of high and low cathode carbon blocks

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the top surface of the cathode lining in Figure 3

Figure 5. The front section view of an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell with another form of structure in which the concave-convex groove of the cathode lining is a structure of high and low cathode carbon blocks

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the top surface of the cathode lining in Figure 5

Fig. 7 Side view and cross-sectional view of the aluminum outlet groove of the energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell

Fig. 8 Side view of the energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell cathode lined with high and low cathode carbon blocks

As shown in the figure: 1. Cathode carbon block, 2. Cathode steel rod, 3. Tamping paste, 4. Refractory insulation layer, 5. Channel steel shell, 6. Side carbon block, 7. Aluminum outlet groove, 8. Closure hole, 9. Aluminum pool , 10 diversion hole, 11 maintenance observation hole, 12 insulation cover plate, 13 cathode busbar, 14 anode busbar, 15 aluminum liquid, 16 main diversion groove, 17 branch diversion groove, 18 anode carbon block, 19 electrolyte, 20 cathode lining, 21 high cathode carbon block, 22 low cathode carbon, 23 intercepting device, 24 intercepting rod, 25 lifting mechanism, 26 anode wire, 27 heating device, 28 heating carbon block, 29 upper truss beam, 30 polyaluminum settlement pool, 31 conductive rods, 32 fixtures

Specific implementation plan:

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3. An energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell is arranged in the channel steel shell 5 along the axis direction of the large busbar 13 at the aluminum outlet end, on the top of the thermal insulation refractory layer 4, the aluminum outlet groove 7 is constructed and installed, and there is aluminum liquid on the aluminum outlet groove 7 The diversion hole 10, the diversion hole 8, the dredging maintenance observation hole 11, and the aluminum pool 9 are connected to each other, the diversion hole 8 and the diversion hole 10 are vertically intersected, and the upper edge of the diversion hole 10 is higher than the electrolytic cell The height of the upper surface of the inner aluminum liquid layer is to prevent the electrolyte from flowing into the aluminum pool. The aluminum pool 9 is provided with a thermal insulation cover plate 12, and the aluminum pool 9 can be provided with an aluminum suction tube. The aluminum tapping tank 7 can be constructed of materials such as carbon and silicon carbide.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 7, several intercepting devices 23 which can adjust and control the level of aluminum liquid in the electrolytic cell are arranged on the upper intercepting hole 8 of the aluminum liquid outlet groove 7 of an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell. 23 is composed of shut-off rod 24, mechanical lifting mechanism 25 and heating anode wire 26. The shut-off rod 24 is closely matched with the shut-off hole 8. There is a vertical intersecting closed channel between the shut-off rod 24 and the liquid aluminum diversion hole 10. The up and down movement of 24 controls the flow rate of the liquid aluminum 15 on the upper surface of the cathode lining 20 in the electrolytic cell into the aluminum liquid 15 in the aluminum tank 9 by adjusting the closing size of the cross-section of the aluminum liquid intercepting hole 8 and the diversion hole 10, To control and adjust the height of the horizontal interface of 15 layers of molten aluminum in the electrolytic cell, and the amount of molten aluminum 15 produced.

The cut-off rod 24 is generally made of carbon material, silicon carbide material, or silicon nitride combined with silicon carbide and other materials. As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, the cut-off rod 24 can be fixed on the mechanical lifting mechanism 25, and the cut-off rod 24 can also be The anode wire 26 is connected and fixed on the anode large busbar 14 as the positive pole, and the aluminum liquid in the aluminum outlet tank is used as the negative pole for resistance heating.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, in order to control and adjust the temperature of the aluminum liquid 15 in the aluminum tank 9 on the aluminum liquid outlet tank 7, an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell can be installed and manufactured by using the electrolytic cell to produce a conductive system current. The last aluminum liquid electric heating device 27 is connected to an anode power supply by shunting the anode busbar, and connected to the anode electrode heating block 28, which is regarded as the positive pole, and a cathode power supply is shunted on the cathode busbar 13 of the electrolytic cell to connect with the anode electrode heating block 28. The small cathode steel rods at the bottom of the aluminum tank 9 are connected to each other and are regarded as negative poles; the aluminum liquid 15 in the aluminum tank 9 is heated by resistance using the large current source of the aluminum electrolytic tank. It is also possible to regard the aluminum 15 in the aluminum pool 9 as a part of the cathode and directly use the anode to heat the carbon block 28 for resistance heating. It is composed of connected aluminum conducting rods 31 shunt devices, and the cross-section of the electrode heating carbon block 28 can be set as a circle or a rectangle.

As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 4, an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell is provided with a polyaluminum settling tank 30 at the end of the cathode lining 20 concave aluminum liquid diversion tank 16 and the side or end of the aluminum outlet tank 7 , the bottom surface of the polyaluminum settling tank 30 is lower than the bottom surface of the groove in the electrolytic cell and the lower bottom surface of the diversion hole 10, and the side surface of the polyaluminum settling tank 30 communicates with the diversion hole 10 on the aluminum liquid outlet groove 7.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a cathode carbon block 1, a cathode steel rod 2 and a tamping paste 3 or carbon cement are used to construct an aluminum electrolytic cell cathode liner 20 on top of the thermal insulation refractory layer 4 in the steel shell of an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell The molten pool, the upper surface of the cathode liner 20 is a concave-convex platform groove. One configuration form is to construct a main flow diversion groove 16 and a branch flow groove 17 for the aluminum liquid on the upper part of the cathode liner 20, and the main flow diversion of the aluminum liquid The bottom of the tank 16 is inclined from one end of the electrolytic tank to the end with the aluminum liquid outlet tank 7, and the aluminum liquid branch diversion groove 17 is arranged on the side of the main diversion groove 16, and is vertically distributed with the main diversion groove 16. The bottom of each branch diversion groove 17 slopes from high to low in the direction of the main diversion groove 16; the concave trunk aluminum liquid diversion groove 16 can be provided with one in the middle of the upper part of the cathode lining, or two structures in the cathode carbon 1 between both sides and the side carbon block 6;

As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 8, another form in which the upper surface of the cathode liner 20 of an aluminum electrolytic cell is provided with a concave-convex platform structure is: there are two kinds of cathode carbon blocks 1 with different heights and dimensions, both high and low cathode carbon blocks. The block 21 and the low cathode carbon block 22 are built at intervals to form a concave-convex groove shape, and the two ends of the high-protrusion cathode carbon block 21 and the side carbon block 6 and between the upper surface of the concave and low cathode carbon block 22 are constructed as side parts The liquid aluminum circulation groove 16 is the aluminum liquid diversion groove 16 at the side of the aluminum liquid cathode carbon block produced by the electrolytic cell. The upper surfaces of all high-convex cathode carbon blocks 21 are horizontal, and the upper surfaces of concave cathode carbon blocks 22 can be configured as horizontal planes or slightly inclined surfaces with a slope of about 4/1000.

As shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, another form in which the upper surface of the cathode liner 20 of an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell is a concave-convex platform groove structure is: two kinds of cathode carbon blocks with different levels are built at intervals from left to right Constructed, a side aluminum liquid circulation groove is constructed between one end of a high convex cathode carbon block 21 and the side carbon block 6 and the upper surface of the concave low cathode carbon block 22, and another adjacent high The other end of the convex cathode carbon block 21 and the side carbon block 6 on the other side and the upper surface of the concave cathode carbon block 22 form a side aluminum liquid flow groove, so that the upper surface of the overall cathode lining 20 Between the concave low carbon block 22 and the convex high cathode carbon block 21, an S-shaped groove horizontal aluminum liquid guide channel is formed on the upper surface of the concave low carbon block 22.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the lower surface of the anode carbon block 18 of an energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell is arranged horizontally.

After the overall production of the energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell is completed, the aluminum liquid 15 produced on the molten pool of the cathode lining 20 of the electrolytic tank can pass through the diversion tank 16 along the artificially set direction and route, pass through the polyaluminum settling tank 30, and pass through the upper part Under the protection of the crust of the electrolyte 19, in the environment without current impact, after gathering and settling in the polyaluminum settling tank 30, it flows into the aluminum tank 9 through the diversion hole 10 to realize the electrolysis in the molten pool of the electrolytic tank. The produced molten aluminum 15 can be immediately and continuously discharged under electrolytic working conditions, and flow into the process plan of the aluminum storage tank 9, and through manual adjustment and automatic control, the level of the molten aluminum 15 in the electrolytic cell and the fluctuation of the magnetic field will be reduced. The process parameters such as the temperature of the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte 19 and the height of the pole distance are optimally set to achieve the purpose of saving energy in the production of the aluminum electrolytic cell and reducing the power consumption of the electrolytic aluminum process.

When the energy-saving aluminum electrolytic cell produces aluminum liquid 15 in the aluminum storage pool 9 and reaches a certain amount, it will be discharged regularly and quantitatively or sucked out with an aluminum suction bag.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell is mainly by electrolyzer Steel Sheel (5), thermal insulation fire-resistant layer (4), cathode block (1) rod iron (2) group, cathode lining of electrolytic bath (20) the molten bath structure that sidewall carbon brick (6) is constituted, with by anode block (18), the aluminium guide bar group, anode large bus bar (14), conduction promote truss (29) constitute upper part of the electrolytic cell anode assembly composite construction and form, the energy-saving aluminium cell feature is: the aluminium inlet at electrolyzer molten bath cathode inner lining (20) is configured with out aluminium groove (7), go out aluminium groove (7) upper end and be configured with cut-off equipment (23) and heating anode assembly (27), the sidepiece or the end that go out aluminium groove (7) are provided with poly-aluminium settling bowl (30), and the upper surface part of electrolyzer molten bath cathode inner lining (20) is the concave-convex type structure.

2, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at the aluminium inlet of electrolyzer molten bath cathode inner lining (20), what installation had a cut-off equipment (23) goes out aluminium groove (7), going out aluminium groove (7) is provided with aluminium pod apertures (10), the hole of damming (8) and contains aluminium pond (9), interpenetrate between them, contain aluminium pond (9) and be provided with insulation cover plate (11).

3, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: aluminium liquid goes out last installation of aluminium groove (7) and is provided with the cut-off equipment (23) that can control aluminium liquid height and work the effect of damming, this device is made of the rod that dams (24), lifting mechanism (25) assembling, the rod (24) that dams is fixed on the lifting mechanism (25), the closed size of rod (24) and the pod apertures (10) of damming can be regulated with the degree of depth in the hole (8) of damming by the adjustment rod (24) that dams.

4, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: contain in the aluminium pond (9) top aluminium liquid electrical heat tracing device (27) is installed, the anode shunt device that is linked to each other with anode large bus bar by heating anode block (28), electrode holder (32), conducting rod (31) of this device (27) is formed.

5, energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the side end that goes out aluminium groove (7) is provided with poly-aluminium settling bowl (30), the bottom surface of poly-aluminium settling bowl (30) is lower than electrolyzer inner groovy bottom surface, and the side of poly-aluminium settling bowl (30) communicates with the pod apertures (10) that aluminium liquid (15) goes out on the aluminium groove.

6, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: its cathode lining of electrolytic bath (20) upper surface part is the concave-convex type structure, its concave-convex type cathode inner lining upper surface part can be configured to the form of aluminium liquid trunk diversion trench (16) and branched guiding gutters for aluminum liquid (17), the bottom of trunk aluminium liquid diversion trench (16), tilt to having the end that aluminium liquid (15) goes out aluminium groove (7) by an end of electrolyzer, branched guiding gutters for aluminum liquid (17) is arranged on the side of trunk diversion trench (16), becomes vertical distribution with trunk diversion trench (16).

7, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cathode lining of electrolytic bath (20) upper surface part is the concave-convex type structure, about the cathode block (1) that can just differ by two kinds of levels separately building structure form, construct sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves (16) between the two ends of high protruding cathode block (21) and the sidewall carbon brick and between recessed low cathode block (22) upper surface.

8, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cathode lining of electrolytic bath (20) upper surface part is the concave-convex type structure, about the cathode block (1) that can just differ by two kinds of levels separately building structure form, construct sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves (16) between one end of a high protruding cathode block (21) and the sidewall carbon brick and between recessed low cathode block (22) upper surface, the other end of the adjacent with it high protruding cathode block of another piece (21) then and between the sidewall carbon brick of opposite side and between recessed low cathode block (22) upper surface constructs sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves (16), and the upper surface at recessed low-carbon (LC) piece between recessed low-carbon (LC) piece of whole cathode inner lining upper surface and the protruding high cathode block forms the horizontal aluminium liquid of a S type groove flow-guiding channel.

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