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CN201142781Y - High thermal efficiency DC arc plasma generator - Google Patents

High thermal efficiency DC arc plasma generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN201142781Y
CN201142781Y CNU2008200784610U CN200820078461U CN201142781Y CN 201142781 Y CN201142781 Y CN 201142781Y CN U2008200784610 U CNU2008200784610 U CN U2008200784610U CN 200820078461 U CN200820078461 U CN 200820078461U CN 201142781 Y CN201142781 Y CN 201142781Y
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
anode
negative electrode
arc
plasma generator
thermal efficiency
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNU2008200784610U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
纪崇甲
纪小东
纪天舒
赵永江
杨太和
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Ji Chung Jia
Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
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Individual
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Abstract

A high-heat efficiency DC-arc plasma generator comprises a cathode, a cathode head, an auxiliary anode, an anode; and a driving power supply. The top end of the cathode is conical, and the cylindrical cathode head is embedded into the conical top ends, an insulation gas conductive ring is disposed at the half periphery of the cathode close to the top end, a gas conductive gap communicating with the cathode top end is disposed between the insulation gas conductive ring and the cathode, a gas inlet is formed on the insulation gas conductive ring and communicates with the gas conductive gap; the front end of the insulation gas conductive ring is connected with the close end of the auxiliary anode, and a conical opening corresponding to the top end of the cathode is disposed at the close end of the auxiliary anode. The plasma generator has the advantages that the discharge amount of NO<x> can be reduced for facilitating environmental protection, and the energy utilization ratio is higher than 90%.

Description

The high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of industrial high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator, be mainly used in the ignition of the boiler burner, plasma desulfuration technology, plasma treatment rubbish, high temperature degradation has hypertoxic chemical spent material, and aspect such as plasma steel ladle heat preservation technology.
Background technology
The structure of the dc arc plasma generator of industrial employing, gun type, tubular-type, coaxial type and multi-functional combined structures such as (double anodes) are arranged.Their heat efficiency is respectively 40-70%, 40-60%, 30-50% and 60-75%.The attention problem that device exists is that the heat efficiency is lower, and it is higher to consume energy, and can not satisfy the demand of modern industry needs high thermal efficiency, powerful plasma generator.
Improving plasma generator power has two kinds of methods, and the one, improve arc current, the 2nd, improve arc voltage.The arc current of the plasma generator of industrial application generally is limited in about 400 amperes.Operating current is too big, can cause the heat efficiency to descend, and shortens electrode life and the increase of power-supply device expense.Like this, just improving arc length from improving arc voltage, is the best approach that improves power.
The arc voltage size of existing gun type, tubular-type, coaxial type and multi-functional combined plasma generator, depend mainly on the size of gas supplied flow, under the situation that electric current remains unchanged, gas flow is big more, arc column length increases, and voltage is just high more.But gas flow can not unconfinedly increase, and it is subjected to the restriction of electric arc cancellation.When throughput was increased to certain value, air-flow can be blown out electric arc, made arc column can not keep normal combustion.The power that will improve the plasma generator of above-mentioned several structures as can be seen can be subjected to the several factors restriction.
Improving unique way of the heat efficiency of plasma generator, is the thermal loss that reduces each parts of plasma generator.The thermal loss size of above-mentioned several industrial each parts of plasma generator commonly used roughly is to distribute like this.The negative electrode thermal loss accounts for the 8-10% of arc power, and the anode thermal loss accounts for the 28-33% of arc power.For multifunction combined double anode plasma generator, point cathode and auxiliary anode thermal loss are about 8% (the point cathode loss is 1%, and the thermal loss of auxiliary anode is 6-7%).This shows, improve the heat efficiency of plasma generator, should set about from reducing plasma generator anode thermal loss.Why bigger the anode thermal loss is, is because anode arc has been eradicated around beyond the anode inner surface quick rotation, also will make progress along anode shaft, does quick reciprocating motion.So anode arc root spot has increased heat transfer area a very large tracts of land motion.The temperature difference between the cold wall of anode arc root and anode can be added arc radiation heat at 3000-8000K, causes thermal loss huge, and the energy that electric arc adds to gas just greatly reduces, thereby the heat efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator, to solve power and the lower problem of the heat efficiency that prior art exists.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: comprise negative electrode, cathode taps, auxiliary anode, anode and driving power, cathode taps is loaded on the top of negative electrode, auxiliary anode and anode are loaded on the near-end and the far-end of cathode taps respectively, the negative pole of driving power is connected with described negative electrode, the positive pole of driving power is connected with auxiliary anode with current-limiting resistance by the auxiliary anode control switch of series connection, and the positive pole of driving power is connected with described anode by the anodic control switch; On described negative electrode and auxiliary anode cooling device is housed, it is characterized in that: the top of described negative electrode embeds the cylindrical female cartridge for conical on this conical top; Near around half one on top the insulation guide ring is housed at described negative electrode, between this insulation guide ring and negative electrode, leaves the air-guiding gap with the cathode tip conducting, on described insulation guide ring, be provided with intake interface and communicate with described air-guiding gap; Front end at this insulation guide ring is connected with the near-end of described auxiliary anode, and the near-end of this auxiliary anode is provided with conical mouthful that coincide with described cathode tip; Described anode is the carbon rod electrode; Described cathode taps is made by cerium tungsten alloy.At described carbon rod electrode surface auxiliary anode one side is provided with the arc groove corresponding with electric arc.
The cooling device of described negative electrode comprises axle center hole, mozzle, negative electrode water inlet and the negative electrode delivery port of negative electrode, one end of the axle center hole of negative electrode communicates with the negative electrode water inlet of negative electrode bottom, the bottom of mozzle is connected with the inner of this negative electrode water inlet, is provided with the negative electrode delivery port in the outside of the close bottom of negative electrode.
The cooling device of described auxiliary anode comprises anode overcoat, anode water inlet and anode delivery port, anode overcoat sealing shroud is contained in the outside of auxiliary anode, be provided with cooling-water duct between the two, be provided with the anode water inlet and the anode delivery port that communicate with described cooling-water duct two ends respectively at the two ends of anode overcoat.
The outside of the near-end of described insulation guide ring, auxiliary anode and the near-end of anode overcoat interconnects by a sleeve nut and the sleeve pipe that is spirally connected with it; Described intake interface is on this sleeve pipe.
Described driving power comprises low-voltage alternating-current switch cubicle, transformer, rectifying device, filter reactor, direct-current switch cabinet and high-frequency arc strike device, low-voltage alternating-current switch cubicle, transformer, rectifying device, filter reactor and direct-current switch cabinet are connected successively, are connected the high-frequency arc strike device between the positive pole of this direct-current switch cabinet and negative pole.
Described filter reactor adopts the inductance coil of 3~10 milihenries, and this inductance coil is connected in the described rectifying device output loop.
Described current-limiting resistance adopts water-cooled resistance, and resistance value is 0.3~1 ohm.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. owing to be fixing arc length between generator negative electrode and the anode, plasma generator is electric arc voltage-current characteristic smooth or rising.
2. in the auxiliary anode scope, medium is an inert nitrogen gas, can reduce NO xDischarge capacity, help environmental protection.
3. by heat balance test, the negative electrode thermal loss is 1%, and the auxiliary anode thermal loss is 6-8%, and the heat efficiency of plasma is greater than 90%.That is to say that the arc power of 100KW has the energy of 90KW to add to gas medium, its capacity usage ratio is very high.Usually the heat efficiency of plasma generator is difficult to reach 80%, is generally 50-60%.Therefore, the capacity usage ratio of this plasma generator is the highest, meets national energy saving policy.
When the ambient windstream flow velocity at the 20-25 meter per second, vertical direction is horizontal when blowing electric arc, the arc groove of carbon rod electrode can improve the job stability of electric arc, helps the normal combustion of electric arc arc column.
5. negative electrode and anode life 50-150 hour, carbon anode can adopt the feeder automatic feed.
6. at air admission hole input H 2, CH 4, C 2H 2, reducibility gas such as CO, but the equal desulphurization denitration of the charcoal steam of carbon rod anode distillation reduces the pollution of noxious gas emission to environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall sectional structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is that power-supply system of the present invention constitutes block diagram.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention includes negative electrode 1, cathode taps 3, auxiliary anode 4, anode 6 and driving power 7.Cathode taps 3 is loaded on the top of negative electrode 1, and auxiliary anode (first anode) 4 and anode (second plate) 6 are loaded on the near-end and the far-end of cathode taps 3 respectively, and the distance between auxiliary anode 4 and the anode 6 is the 100-200 millimeter.The negative pole of driving power 7 is connected with described negative electrode 1, and the positive pole of driving power 7 is connected with auxiliary anode 4 with current-limiting resistance R by the auxiliary anode control switch K1 of series connection, and the anodic control K switch 2 of passing through of the positive pole of driving power 7 is connected with described anode 6.The top of described negative electrode 1 is conical, embeds the cylindrical female cartridge of being made by cerium tungsten alloy 3 on this conical top.Around half one of described negative electrode 1, insulation guide ring 2 is housed near the top, between this insulation guide ring and negative electrode 1, leave air-guiding gap 14 with negative electrode 1 top conducting, be provided with intake interface 13 on this insulation guide ring 2, this intake interface 13 communicates with described air-guiding gap 14.The front end (right-hand member) of this insulation guide ring 2 is connected with the near-end (left end) of described auxiliary anode 4, the near-end of this auxiliary anode 4 is provided with conical mouthful that coincide with described negative electrode 1 top, conical mouthful bottom constitutes the part of the axle center hole 22 of auxiliary anode 4, the diameter of axle center hole 22 increases gradually to right-hand member, constitutes the accelerating field of electron stream.
By being threaded, sealing ring is housed between the two between described negative electrode 1 and the base 26.
The cooling device of described negative electrode 1 comprises axle center hole 23, mozzle 24, negative electrode water inlet 19 and the negative electrode delivery port 20 of negative electrode, one end of the axle center hole 23 of negative electrode 1 and the negative electrode water inlet 19 of cathode substructure 26 are connected, the bottom of mozzle 24 is connected with the inner of the water inlet of cathode substructure 19, is provided with negative electrode delivery port 20 in the outside of the close bottom of negative electrode 1.
The outside of the near-end (left end) of described insulation guide ring 2, auxiliary anode 4 and the near-end (left end) of anode overcoat 5 is fastenedly connected mutually by a sleeve nut 11 and the sleeve pipe 12 that is spirally connected with it.Described intake interface 13 is on this sleeve pipe 12.
The cooling device of described auxiliary anode 4 comprises anode overcoat 5, anode water inlet 21 and anode delivery port 16, anode overcoat 5 sealing shrouds are contained in the outside of auxiliary anode 4, be provided with cooling-water duct 15 between the two, be provided with the anode water inlet 21 and the anode delivery port 16 that communicate with described cooling-water duct 15 two ends respectively at the two ends of anode overcoat 5.Anode water inlet 21 will pass sleeve pipe 12 and enter in the anode overcoat 5, communicates with cooling-water duct 15.
The diameter of described cerium tungsten cathode head 3 is Φ 2.5-Φ 5.0, serves as preferential the selection with Φ 3.1 diameters, and cathode taps 3 need be greater than the softened water cooling of 1MP, the air film protection that the surface of cathode taps 3 forms with inert gas.Described insulation guide ring 2 one side provide inert gas such as Ar on the other hand as the insulation between the negative electrode 1 and the first anode 4, and N2 or reducibility gas such as H2 do medium, and the erosion of the not oxidated property of protection negative electrode gas.The described first anode 4 is the red copper material, during starting, negative electrode 1 electrons emitted drops on the first anode 4, form assistant electric arc 18 and ejection plasma flame, puncture the air-gap between the first anode 4 and the second plate 6, the distance between the air gap can the 100-200 millimeter, forms negative electrode 1 to the main arc 17 between the second plate 6, after main arc 17 formed, assistant electric arc 18 extinguished automatically.Second plate 6 can be carbon rod, molten steel etc., and the diameter of phi 40-80 millimeter of carbon rod generally adopts the carbon rod of Φ 60.Described rectifying device 73 adopts silicon controlled rectifier or saturable reactor silicon rectifier.At the filter reactor 74 of DC power supply major loop serial connection 3-10 milihenry, to guarantee to change the reliability of arc, promptly form assistant electric arc 18 earlier, change arc again and form main arc 17.The arc length 200-300 millimeter of main arc.The arc voltage of main arc 17 can reach 300-500 volt, arc current 300-500 ampere, power 100-250KW.
Also can be provided with the arc groove 25 corresponding in the face of a side of auxiliary anode 4 at described carbon rod anode 6 with main arc 17.When the ambient windstream flow velocity at the 20-25 meter per second, vertical direction is horizontal when blowing electric arc, the arc groove 25 of carbon rod anode 6 can improve the job stability of electric arc, helps the normal combustion of electric arc arc column.
Referring to Fig. 2, described driving power 7 comprises low-voltage alternating-current switch cubicle 71, transformer 72, rectifying device 73, filter reactor 74, direct-current switch cabinet 75 and high-frequency arc strike device 76, low-voltage alternating-current switch cubicle 71, transformer 72, rectifying device 73, filter reactor 74 and direct-current switch cabinet 75 are connected successively, are connected high-frequency arc strike device 76 between the positive pole of this direct-current switch cabinet 75 and negative pole.Each component part and the annexation of this driving power 7 are routine techniques.
Described transformer 72 gets transformation ratio to be decided according to the working voltage size, is 1: 1 as transformation ratio, and then operating voltage can reach 400 volts, if transformation ratio is 1: 1.35, then voltage can reach 500 volts.If arc transfer is to carbon rod or on the molten steel, the inductance value of filter reactor 74 can adopt the 3-5 milihenry, and to cold wall anode, the inductance value of filter reactor 74 should select enough big as if arc transfer, and as the 9-10 milihenry, otherwise electric arc can not be transferred on the cold wall anode.
Described current-limiting resistance R adopts water-cooled resistance, and resistance value is 0.3~1 ohm.The effect of current-limiting resistance R is the impact of starting time limit system impulse current, so current-limiting resistance R wants to stand the impact of 300-500 Ampere currents.
The starting of the present invention and the course of work are:
1. closed auxiliary arc contactor K 1
2. feed argon gas, argon gas amount 2-5m at air inlet 13 3/ hour, form the argon shield air film on the surface of negative electrode 1, use argon gas and can reduce impulse current.
3. press the high frequency start button on the high-frequency arc strike device 76, between negative electrode 1 and auxiliary anode 4, produce electric spark, in case starting the arc success, feed nitrogen again, at this moment auxiliary arc 18 elongates, and the bright plasma flame of spout ejection is closed the argon gas air intake valve, arc current is controlled at the 200-250 ampere, continues to increase nitrogen flow to 6-10m 3/ hour, electric current increases to the 300-350 ampere, closed minor arc contactor K 2, the anode arc root is transferred on the carbon rod 6, forms main arc 17, at this moment K 1Disconnect, auxiliary arc 18 extinguishes.Continue to regulate arc current to the 400-500 ampere, arc voltage can rise to the 400-500 volt.Finish the whole start-up courses of plasma generator.
The present invention is transferred to the anode arc root on the carbon rod from cold wall anode, elongation electric arc that not only can be artificial, improve arc voltage, can also transfer to anode arc root spot on the carbon rod, not only improved the power of plasma generator, and 90% arc power added to gas medium, realize making full use of of energy.
This invention more can fully show it in the industrial practice of current using plasma flame combusting coal fines fuel-economizing Superiority. The first, the gas medium of its use is nitrogen, rather than air, can greatly reduce NOx Discharging; The second, its anode carbon rod distils greater than 3600 ℃ the time, and C steam belongs to reproducibility, and it also can subtract The discharging of few nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide; The 3rd, in the nitrogen plasma flame, can add a certain amount of reproducibility Gas such as H2,CH 4,C 2H 2, CO etc. also can reduce NOxAnd SO2Gas discharging; The 4th, because arc column Be exposed to the space, be conducive to the burning to coal dust inferior. These several plasma generators commonly used can't be realized.
The topmost characteristics that the present invention gets structural design are that Anode arc root is transferred on the carbon rod, increase arc length and subtract again Lack the anode heat loss, thereby improved power and the thermal efficiency.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator, comprise negative electrode, cathode taps, auxiliary anode, anode and driving power, cathode taps is loaded on the top of negative electrode, auxiliary anode and anode are loaded on the near-end and the far-end of cathode taps respectively, the negative pole of driving power is connected with described negative electrode, the positive pole of driving power is connected with auxiliary anode with current-limiting resistance by the auxiliary anode control switch of series connection, and the positive pole of driving power is connected with described anode by the anodic control switch; On described negative electrode and auxiliary anode cooling device is housed, it is characterized in that: the top of described negative electrode embeds the cylindrical female cartridge for conical on this conical top; Near around half one on top the insulation guide ring is housed at described negative electrode, between this insulation guide ring and negative electrode, leaves the air-guiding gap with the cathode tip conducting, on described insulation guide ring, be provided with intake interface and communicate with described air-guiding gap; The front end of this insulation guide ring is connected with the near-end of described auxiliary anode, and the near-end of this auxiliary anode is provided with conical mouthful that coincide with described cathode tip.
2, high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cooling device of described negative electrode comprises the axle center hole of negative electrode, mozzle, negative electrode water inlet and negative electrode delivery port, one end of the axle center hole of negative electrode communicates with the negative electrode water inlet of negative electrode bottom, the bottom of mozzle is connected with the inner of this negative electrode water inlet, is provided with the negative electrode delivery port in the outside of the close bottom of negative electrode.
3, high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cooling device of described auxiliary anode comprises anode overcoat, anode water inlet and anode delivery port, anode overcoat sealing shroud is contained in the outside of auxiliary anode, be provided with cooling-water duct between the two, be provided with the anode water inlet and the anode delivery port that communicate with described cooling-water duct two ends respectively at the two ends of anode overcoat.
4, high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the outside of the near-end of described insulation guide ring, auxiliary anode and the near-end of anode overcoat interconnects by a sleeve nut and the sleeve pipe that is spirally connected with it; Described intake interface is on this sleeve pipe.
5, high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described driving power comprises low-voltage alternating-current switch cubicle, transformer, rectifying device, filter reactor, direct-current switch cabinet and high-frequency arc strike device, low-voltage alternating-current switch cubicle, transformer, rectifying device, filter reactor and direct-current switch cabinet are connected successively, are connected the high-frequency arc strike device between the positive pole of this direct-current switch cabinet and negative pole.
6, high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described filter reactor adopts the inductance coil of 3~10 milihenries, and this inductance coil is connected in the described rectifying device output loop.
7, high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described current-limiting resistance adopts water-cooled resistance, and resistance value is 0.3~1 ohm.
8, high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described anode is the carbon rod electrode; Described cathode taps is made by cerium tungsten alloy.
9, high thermal efficiency dc arc plasma generator according to claim 8 is characterized in that: at described carbon rod electrode surface auxiliary anode one side is provided with the arc groove corresponding with electric arc.
CNU2008200784610U 2008-01-08 2008-01-08 High thermal efficiency DC arc plasma generator Expired - Fee Related CN201142781Y (en)

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Cited By (17)

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CN102438386A (en) * 2011-09-28 2012-05-02 南京创能电力科技开发有限公司 Anode device of low-temperature plasma generator
CN102625561A (en) * 2012-03-23 2012-08-01 成都金创立科技有限责任公司 200KW non-transferred arc plasma generator and arc-striking method
CN102800544A (en) * 2012-08-30 2012-11-28 电子科技大学 Dual-anode magnetic control electronic gun with adjustable cathode
CN103079329A (en) * 2012-12-26 2013-05-01 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 High-pressure plasma ignition device
CN103200758A (en) * 2010-10-04 2013-07-10 衢州市广源生活垃圾液化技术研究所 Arc plasma device
CN103216829A (en) * 2013-05-07 2013-07-24 国家电网公司 Energy-saving-type plasma pulverized coal ignition burner
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CN102438386A (en) * 2011-09-28 2012-05-02 南京创能电力科技开发有限公司 Anode device of low-temperature plasma generator
CN102625561A (en) * 2012-03-23 2012-08-01 成都金创立科技有限责任公司 200KW non-transferred arc plasma generator and arc-striking method
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CN103079329B (en) * 2012-12-26 2016-08-10 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 A kind of high-pressure plasma ignition device
CN103216829A (en) * 2013-05-07 2013-07-24 国家电网公司 Energy-saving-type plasma pulverized coal ignition burner
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CN104869742B (en) * 2015-06-22 2017-08-04 衢州昀睿工业设计有限公司 A coal gasification spray gun
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CN108253422B (en) * 2018-03-20 2023-10-13 苏州新耀环保科技有限公司 Plasma garbage incinerator
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CN110519903A (en) * 2019-08-14 2019-11-29 成都金创立科技有限责任公司 Air tubular plasma generator interstitial structure
CN110505747A (en) * 2019-09-05 2019-11-26 河北宝炬新材料科技有限公司 A kind of laminar flow electric arc plasma generator
CN112911778A (en) * 2019-11-19 2021-06-04 核工业西南物理研究院 Plasma generator for powder spheroidizing or fine coating
CN113776081A (en) * 2021-09-08 2021-12-10 广州珠江电力有限公司 Plasma ignition device and ignition method thereof
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