CN200959001Y - X-ray phase imaging incoherent scattering eliminating device based on energy identification - Google Patents
X-ray phase imaging incoherent scattering eliminating device based on energy identification Download PDFInfo
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- CN200959001Y CN200959001Y CN 200620040015 CN200620040015U CN200959001Y CN 200959001 Y CN200959001 Y CN 200959001Y CN 200620040015 CN200620040015 CN 200620040015 CN 200620040015 U CN200620040015 U CN 200620040015U CN 200959001 Y CN200959001 Y CN 200959001Y
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Abstract
一种基于能量识别的X射线位相成像非相干散射消除装置，包括X射线产生及调制系统，待测物固定装置，和后端X射线调制及探测系统三部分。本实用新型通过选择不同的滤除材料，能保证有效X射线基本没有损失，波长不变的初级辐射几乎可以全部到达X射线探测器，而消除非相干散射对成像质量的影响。本实用新型能滤除对人体损伤较大的长波长X射线，使得成像过程对人体或生物组织的损伤达到最小，且具有普遍适用、制作简单、低成本、小体积和稳定性好的特点。
An X-ray phase imaging incoherent scatter elimination device based on energy recognition includes three parts: an X-ray generation and modulation system, a device for fixing an object to be measured, and a back-end X-ray modulation and detection system. The utility model can ensure that there is basically no loss of effective X-rays by selecting different filtering materials, and the primary radiation with a constant wavelength can almost all reach the X-ray detector, thereby eliminating the influence of incoherent scattering on the imaging quality. The utility model can filter out long-wavelength X-rays that are more harmful to the human body, so that the imaging process can minimize the damage to the human body or biological tissues, and has the characteristics of universal applicability, simple production, low cost, small size and good stability.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the X ray phase imaging, is a kind of X ray phase imaging incoherent scattering eliminator based on energy identification, and it can make the picture quality that obtains in the X ray phase imaging be improved significantly.The utility model can be applicable to, but is not limited to, and surveys the breast X-ray phase imaging device of microcalciffcation in the mammary gland.
Background technology
When a beam X-ray passed through material with certain direction, from microscopic nature, its intensity will be decayed in three kinds of modes usually: x-ray photon was absorbed, the generation of relevant or the non-coherent scattering and the electron pair of X ray.The generation of electron pair requires the x-ray photon energy must reach 1.022 million-electron-volts, and is little for the imaging device influence of the X ray producing method of routine.For wavelength long X ray and the bigger object of atomic number, scattering process is compared with absorption, often occupy footy status, only utilizes the absorption of X ray just can obtain good imaging effect; But for the object of hard X ray and light element, scattering process is just remarkable.
In general, X ray is the summation of coherent scattering and incoherent scattering by the scattering process of material.Under the action of alternating magnetic field of incident X-rays, electronics is understood forced vibration and is become the dipole with alternation electric moment, becomes the wave source of radiated electromagnetic wave, the secondary radiation that this electron irradiation comes out, be exactly the X ray of coherent scattering, it is identical with simple X ray wavelength, and just direction changes.Because all tight-binding electronics that incident X-rays runs in material have constituted the wave source that a group can be concerned with, the X ray of scattering will produce interference, i.e. coherent scattering is called elastic scattering again.As for incoherent scattering, it is the less electronics of bigger simple ray of energy and binding energy or the result of free electron generation inelastic collision, mainly is the secondary radiation that Compton scattering produces, and the simple ray of wavelength ratio is long, and changes with different directions.Because the scattering wavelength has nothing in common with each other, and can not interfere phenomenon between the scattering wave.Generally speaking, the incident ray very long (as visible light) to wavelength, on heavy element during scattering, because the energy shortage of photon is so that electronics is shaken off out from atom, then all scatterings all will be concerned with; The incident ray very short (as gamma-rays) to wavelength, on extremely light element during scattering, because the energy of photon is greater than the binding energy of K electronics, all scatterings all are incoherent; In the time of these two kinds, two kinds of scatterings all may occur, and its relative intensity depends on the atomic number of scatterer and the wavelength of incident ray.
Scattering process on the microcosmic, correspondence is exactly the intensity change that X ray wavefront phase change causes on macroscopic view.In the imaging scientific domain,, absorb variation and be proportional to 1/E for hard X ray
2, and phase change is proportional to 1/E
4, E is the energy of hard X ray here, therefore, phase imaging is a kind of very potential formation method.To phase imaging, when being considered to picture light wave amplitude variations, consider phase change, as the replenishing and extend of the formation method that only utilizes amplitude to absorb to obtain image contrast, will obtain better image contrast, thereby can sensitiveer, accurately infer relevant nature such as object structures.
For x-ray imaging device, when the x-ray bombardment object under test, in object under test, not only there is unabsorbed primary radiation to see through, and, also have a large amount of scatterings to produce, wherein existing non-coherent scattering also has coherent scattering, these scattered lights also will penetrate object in large quantities, arrive detector.For the X ray phase imaging device, coherent scattering light provides effective information, the non-coherent scattering light that is superimposed upon on the radioscopic image has then reduced the contrast of radioscopic image and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of imaging, the slight part that especially remains imaging, and its reduction degree depends on scattered intensity.
In order to reduce scattered radiation intensity, existing X-ray apparatus takes anti-scattering resistant grating to reduce the influence of scattered light usually.Grid is made by the structure organization of some absorption X ray of arranging in order usually, forms between these structure organizations for the least possible through hole or the penetrating slit passed through damply of primary ray, and the X-ray tube focus is aimed in these through holes or penetrating slit.Grid is arranged between object under test and the X-ray detector, makes from the primary radiation of X-ray tube focus to pass through, and is incident on scattering absorption layer on from examined object with different angles but absorbed basically.
The absorption layer of grid adopts the lead with small size and high-absorbility to make usually, and the channel media between the absorber is air, fiber or aluminium.Philips company improves this grid, adopts non-resilient high resistance foamed material, particularly polymethyl acyl diimide as channel media, has improved the percent of pass of primary radiation, has strengthened the absorption to scattering.
In a conventional manner, anti-scatter-grid is made of one group of laths of metal, and this radiation proof grid allows the direct solar radiation bundle to pass through, and by laths of metal ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING radiation beam, then less than the gap between two laths of metals, this gap is generally the 0.3mm magnitude to the resolution of picture receiver usually.Consequently can see bonding jumper on the radioscopic image that is obtained, this is very disadvantageous in x-ray imaging.GE company improves this grid, and they are Movable grid in the process of exposure, utilizes the special displacement mode of grid to improve picture quality.But in very short time shutter of 1 to 3 millisecond for example, also may cause in image, forming striped inadequately because of the translational speed of grid, even the time shutter is longer, also may cause forming the interference striped in exposure process because of grid direction of motion takes place by slight the variation.
In order to obtain high picture quality, characteristic to the X ray scatter-grid has proposed very high requirement, what scattered radiation should be as well as possible on the one hand is absorbed, the overwhelming majority in the primary ray should be unattenuated as far as possible on the other hand passes through scatter-grid, can reduce the scattered radiation that strikes on the detector by the through-hole diameter and the thickness adjusted of grid, but still have the part scattered radiation can arrive detector, and the part primary ray can be absorbed, cause image disruption.In addition, the unevenness of grid, promptly the uptake zone departs from its ideal position and also can cause the projection of grid in radioscopic image, causes image disruption.In order to reduce the imaging interference that grid causes as much as possible, Siemens Company even by a kind of Rapid Trial-Manufacture sample technology, on the test surface of detector foundation structure of grid construction directly, but after filling this structure with a kind of coated materials of strong absorption X ray, grid directly has been made on the detector face.
At present, mainly be the holographic and direct phase imaging of X ray of X ray based on the x-ray imaging method of phase change, the direct phase imaging of X ray can be divided into interferometric method again, and diffraction strengthens three kinds of method and direct diffraction approaches.Except the direct diffraction phase imaging of X ray method, more than a common issue with of these methods are the very exquisite optical systems of requirement, need meticulous adjusting, this all acquires a certain degree of difficulty on general practicability realizing.At present, the X ray light source that is adopted mainly is synchrotron radiation X-ray source, x-ray laser, plasma source and X-ray pipe.Phase imaging based on the synchrotron radiation X light source has obtained result preferably, but costs an arm and a leg, and volume is too big, and the development of x-ray laser and plasma X source is also perfect not enough, all is difficult to practicability.The X-ray pipe is as x-ray source, has that brightness is higher, volume is little, an easy advantage such as easy-to-use, but its time and spatial coherence are relatively poor, are difficult to directly meet the demands for high-quality imaging.Improved little focus X-ray light pipe has remedied the deficiency of conventional X-ray pipe coherence aspect, is a kind of comparatively suitable practicability X-ray phase imaging light source.
With respect to traditional x-ray imaging device, higher based on the requirement of x-ray imaging device on the anti-scatter problem of phase change based on absorption.Because adopt in the x-ray imaging device of the direct diffraction phase imaging of X ray method, detector also is close to the object under test back unlike traditional based in the imaging device that absorbs, but pulling back far, this has just further enlarged the influence that scattering causes.In sum, eliminating the influence of non-coherent scattering to image quality preferably, is vital for the X-ray phase imaging device.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is to overcome the defective of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of X ray phase imaging incoherent scattering eliminator based on energy identification is provided, eliminate the influence that non-coherent scattering causes image quality as much as possible, and see through primary radiation to greatest extent, it should have generally the characteristics that are suitable for, make simple, low-cost, small size and good stability in addition.
Technical solution of the present utility model is as follows:
A kind of X ray phase imaging incoherent scattering eliminator based on energy identification comprises that X ray produces and modulating system, and determinand stationary installation and modulation of rear end X ray and detection system three parts is characterized in that:
＜1〉described X ray produces and modulating system is made of the X-ray generator that is arranged in radiation protective casing, x-ray source modulator and the X ray exit window that is positioned on the radiation protective casing; X ray modulation of described rear end and detection system are made of rear end X ray modulator and X-ray detector; Described determinand stationary installation places between X ray generation and modulating system and modulation of rear end X ray and the detection system;
＜2〉the described X-ray generator that is arranged in radiation protective casing produces the focus of X wire harness, x-ray source modulator and be positioned at X ray exit window on the radiation protective casing, and the determinand stationary installation, and rear end X ray modulator and X-ray detector are coaxial;
Described X-ray detector is X ray CCD, imaging plate, egative film, scan detector.
Described X-ray generator can be, but is not limited only to, and little focus X-ray light pipe or synchrotron radiation X-ray source also can be other x-ray sources, as x-ray laser and plasma X-ray source etc., and the modified of these x-ray sources;
Described X-ray detector can be, but is not limited only to, X ray CCD, and X-ray detectors such as imaging plate or egative film also can be other X-ray detectors, as line sweep detector etc.;
Described x-ray source modulator is positioned between X-ray generator and the determinand stationary installation, constitute by parallel the stacking of one or more layer materials, layer material is vertical with optical axis direction, but the material of each thin layer and thickness free adjustment, it is chosen by the required wavelength of imaging and decides, and chooses principle and method is as follows:
The spectral range difference in different x-ray source will obtain the required wavelength of imaging, at first will choose the x-ray source with appropriate light spectral limit, and promptly spectral range comprises the required wavelength of imaging.Different materials has different transmitances at different wave length, especially at its resonance absorption place, change very strong, by selecting different layer materials, can filtering the X ray of long or shorter wavelength, obtain the required nearly homogeneous X-ray of imaging, promptly obtain nearly homogeneous X-ray by the method for energy identification, simultaneously, by selecting the different-thickness of material, can select the ratio of filtering;
Described rear end X ray modulator is positioned between determinand stationary installation and the X-ray detector, constitute by parallel the stacking of one or more layer materials, layer material is vertical with optical axis direction, but the material of each thin layer and thickness free adjustment, it is chosen by the used wavelength of imaging and decides, be used for filtering non-coherent scattering light, choose principle and method is as follows:
Irradiation is to the nearly homogeneous X-ray of determinand, after interacting with determinand, except direct transmission and absorbed X ray, also produce a large amount of scattered x-rays, coherent scattering X ray wavelength wherein is constant, and it is elongated that the non-coherent scattering X ray then can wavelength, and is can quantitative change low.By selecting the different layer materials of different-thickness, utilize its different transmitances at the different wave length place, especially the strong variations at its resonance absorption place, can these wavelength of filtering longer, the X ray that energy is lower is promptly eliminated the influence of non-coherent scattering in the x-ray imaging process by the method for energy identification.
The utlity model has generally the advantage that is suitable for, makes simple, low-cost, small size and good stability.The utlity model has general applicability, be applicable to the imaging device of long pulse or short pulse and various conventional X-ray wavelength.The preparation of scattering filtering device more complicated all in the prior art, and all used parts of the utility model all are easy to processing and buy, volume is also less.Critical piece of the present utility model can be realized integrated, each interelement can not produce relative displacement, can guarantee the stable output and the less trouble of x-ray source, even slight displacement is arranged, imaging is not also had influence, and these are very important to long time shutter and high-resolution imaging.
In addition, the effective X ray of filtering apparatus of the present utility model after to imaging do not have loss substantially, the primary radiation that wavelength is constant almost can all arrive X-ray detector, and filtering the long wavelength X ray bigger to injury of human, make imaging process reach minimum to the damage of human body or biological tissue.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the specific embodiment locations of structures synoptic diagram of the utility model based on the X ray phase imaging incoherent scattering eliminator of energy identification.
To be the utility model select synoptic diagram based on the material and the thickness of specific embodiment x-ray source modulator of the X ray phase imaging incoherent scattering eliminator of energy identification and rear end X ray modulator to Fig. 2.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 1 earlier, the utility model is a kind of X ray phase imaging incoherent scattering eliminator based on energy identification, comprise: the X-ray generator 2 that is arranged in radiation protective casing 1, x-ray source modulator 3 and the X ray exit window 4, determinand stationary installation 5 and rear end X ray modulator 6 and the X-ray detector 7 that are positioned on the radiation protective casing 1.On function, can be divided into three parts.The X-ray generator 2 that first serves as reasons and is arranged in radiation protective casing 1, x-ray source modulator 3 produces and modulating system with the X ray that the X ray exit window 4 that is positioned on the radiation protective casing 1 constitutes.This part is used to be provided as the nearly homogeneous X-ray of the required wavelength of picture.Rear end X ray modulation and the detection system of second portion for constituting by rear end X ray modulator 6 and X-ray detector 7.Be used for eliminating the influence of the non-coherent scattering of imaging process in this part, obtain high-quality x-ray imaging image.Third part is the determinand stationary installation 5 that places between X ray generation and modulating system and modulation of rear end X ray and the detection system, is used for fixing determinand, keeps determinand coaxial with preceding two parts, and is not subjected to displacement as much as possible in imaging process.
A kind of possible specific embodiment: molybdenum (Mo) the target X-ray generator 2 that has adopted 25KeV, its focus is 201, x-ray source modulator 3 stackedly constitutes by the layer material 301 with different-thickness is parallel with 302, and rear end X ray modulator 6 is made of layer material 601.
Its concrete course of work is:
The X ray that sends of Mo target X-ray generator 2 focuses 201 after 3 modulation of x-ray source modulator, obtains the required nearly homogeneous X-ray of imaging, through 4 outgoing of X ray exit window thus.Behind the x-ray irradiation of the outgoing determinand on the determinand stationary installation 5, behind determinand to producing the Transmission X ray, this is wherein existing not to be absorbed or the elementary X ray of the direct transmission of scattering, the X ray that also has scattering to produce, these X ray will arrive rear end X ray modulator 6, after 6 modulation of rear end X ray modulator, eliminate non-coherent scattering wherein, received by X-ray detector 7 again, be stored as X ray image.
Be characterized in:
1, the X ray that sends of 2 focuses 201 of the X-ray generator in the radiation protective casing 1 after 3 modulation of x-ray source modulator, obtains the required nearly homogeneous X-ray of imaging, X ray exit window 4 outgoing on radiation protective casing 1;
2, behind the x-ray irradiation of the outgoing determinand on the determinand stationary installation 5, to producing the Transmission X ray, this is wherein existing not to be absorbed or the elementary X ray of the direct transmission of scattering the X ray that yet has scattering to produce behind determinand;
3, will arrive rear end X ray modulator 6 to these X ray that produce behind the determinand, after 6 modulation of rear end X ray modulator, eliminate non-coherent scattering wherein, be received by X-ray detector 7 again, be stored as X ray image;
4, the X-ray generator 2 that is arranged in radiation protective casing 1 produces the focus 201 of X wire harness, x-ray source modulator 3 and be positioned at X ray exit window 4 on the radiation protective casing 1, and determinand stationary installation 5, and rear end X ray modulator 6 and X-ray detector 7 are coaxial;
5, x-ray source modulator 3 is positioned between X-ray generator 2 and the determinand stationary installation 5, constitute by two kinds of stack parallel of layer material 301 with 302, layer material is vertical with optical axis direction, but the material of each thin layer and thickness free adjustment, it is chosen by the required wavelength of imaging and decides, choose principle and method is as follows, see also Fig. 2:
The spectral range difference in different x-ray source will obtain the required wavelength of imaging, at first will choose the x-ray source with appropriate light spectral limit, and promptly spectral range comprises the required wavelength of imaging.In this specific embodiment, the required wavelength of imaging is the K alpha ray spectrum of Mo target, and corresponding energy is 18KeV, therefore, can adopt the little focus X-ray light pipe of Mo target as x-ray source.When the tube voltage of 25KV, the X ray spectrum that sends in x-ray source focus 201 is shown in Fig. 2 (a), as seen wherein except the line spectrum of 18KeV, also have lot of energy lower or higher, be the long or short X ray of wavelength, will choose this moment and can constitute x-ray source modulator 3 by these layer materials long and the shorter wavelength X ray of filtering.Different materials has different transmitances at different wave length, especially at its resonance absorption place, changes very strong, by selecting different layer materials, can filtering the X ray of long or shorter wavelength, obtain the required nearly homogeneous X-ray of imaging, promptly obtain nearly homogeneous X-ray by the method for energy identification.Molybdenum (Mo) thin layer has the resonance absorption limit at required imaging wavelength place as can see from Figure 2, energy is the filtering sigmatron well, aluminium (Al) thin layer can well the filtering low energy X ray, other thin metal layers then can't play good effect in this exemplary energy scope, as plumbous (Pb), see Fig. 2 (b).By selecting the different-thickness of material, can select the ratio of filtering, by calculating, as can see from Figure 2, in this embodiment, should adopt Mo thin layer 301 and aluminium thin layer 302 to constitute x-ray source modulator 3, wherein the thickness of Mo thin layer greater than 0.02mm less than 0.05mm, consult Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d), the thickness of Al thin layer greater than 1mm less than 2mm, referring to Fig. 2 (g) and Fig. 2 (h).
6, described rear end X ray modulator 6 is positioned between determinand stationary installation 5 and the X-ray detector 7, constitute by a kind of layer material 601, layer material is vertical with optical axis direction, but the material of thin layer and thickness free adjustment, it is chosen by the used wavelength of imaging and decides, be used for filtering non-coherent scattering light, choose principle and method is as follows:
Irradiation is to the nearly homogeneous X-ray of determinand, after interacting with determinand, except direct transmission and absorbed X ray, also produce a large amount of scattered x-rays, coherent scattering X ray wavelength wherein is constant, and it is elongated that the non-coherent scattering X ray then can wavelength, and is can quantitative change low.By selecting the different layer materials of different-thickness, utilize its different transmitances at the different wave length place, especially the strong variations at its resonance absorption place, can these wavelength of filtering longer, the X ray that energy is lower is promptly eliminated the influence of non-coherent scattering in the x-ray imaging process by the method for energy identification.As described in top the 5th, the Al thin layer can be good at the filtering low energy X ray, in this embodiment, see through all low energy X rays that produce behind the determinand and all come from non-coherent scattering, therefore, adopt thickness to constitute rear end X ray modulator 6 less than the Al thin layer 601 of 2mm greater than 1mm, referring to Fig. 2 (g) and Fig. 2 (h), can be good at eliminating the influence of non-coherent scattering, and keep the constant effective X ray of wavelength, obtain the X ray image of better quality.
In sum, the utility model is based on the X ray phase imaging incoherent scattering eliminator of energy identification, can guarantee that effective X ray does not have loss substantially, the primary radiation that wavelength is constant almost can all arrive X-ray detector, and the elimination non-coherent scattering is to the influence of image quality, filtering the long wavelength X ray bigger to injury of human, make imaging process reach minimum, have generally the characteristics that are suitable for, make simple, low-cost, small size and good stability the damage of human body or biological tissue.
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| CN100526979C (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2009-08-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | X-ray Phase Imaging Incoherent Scatter Elimination Device Based on Energy Recognition |
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| CN100526979C (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2009-08-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | X-ray Phase Imaging Incoherent Scatter Elimination Device Based on Energy Recognition |
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