CN204897822U - A biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment based on the integrated system of gasifier and boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model aims at providing a living beings pyrolysis carbomorphism equipment based on gasifier and boiler integration system to the produced energy of make full use of living beings pyrolysis reaches energy-conserving purpose. The utility model consists of a biomass carbonization furnace, a biomass gasification furnace and a boiler, and is characterized in that the biomass carbonization furnace consists of a furnace body, a cover plate and an inner pot arranged above the inner part of the furnace body, the furnace body is provided with a flue gas discharge port, the cover plate is sealed and buckled on the furnace body, the cover plate and the furnace body form a heating cavity, the cover plate and the inner pot form a carbonization cavity, and the position of the cover plate corresponding to the upper part of the inner pot is provided with a moisture discharge port which can be opened and closed; a hearth of the carbonization furnace is formed between the bottom surface of the inner pot and the bottom wall of the heating cavity, and a burner is placed in the hearth; the carbonization cavity is connected with a burner of the boiler through a pyrolysis gas channel; and a fuel gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace is respectively connected with a combustor of the biomass carbonization furnace and a combustor of the boiler through fuel gas channels.

Description

A biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment based on the integrated system of gasifier and boiler

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of biomass energy utilization, in particular to biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment.

Background technique

Charcoal is one of the basic energy sources in industrial production and daily life. In recent years, due to the increase in demand, the forestry department has prohibited deforestation and burning charcoal in order to protect forest resources and ecological balance, making the contradiction between supply and demand of charcoal increasingly tense. So biochar came into being, effectively alleviating the tense supply of charcoal. Compared with traditional charcoal, biochar has the following advantages: use waste as raw material instead of wood, turn waste into treasure, turn harm into profit, help protect forest resources and maintain ecological balance, and reduce environmental pollution.

Biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment includes two types, namely kiln type pyrolysis carbonization furnace and fixed bed type pyrolysis carbonization reaction furnace. Among them, the kiln-type pyrolysis carbonization furnace is a new type of furnace developed on the basis of the traditional earth kiln carbonization process. It can recover the gas-liquid products in the pyrolysis process while producing carbon. At present, the research on the kiln-type carbonization furnace at home and abroad mainly focuses on There have been many kiln-type carbonization furnace patents on the use of modern technology and manufacturing methods to improve the traditional furnace body. This kind of charcoal making method is not easy to control the temperature rise, and the operation is mainly based on experience, and the quality of charcoal making is difficult to achieve the best, and a part of coal or wood is burned to achieve external heating. The charcoal production site can only be in the wild, which increases the transportation cost of raw materials and products, and the charcoal pyrolysis gas can only be discharged, resulting in a waste of energy.

Since the 1970s, biomass fixed bed pyrolysis and carbonization technology has developed rapidly, and various carbonization furnace structures have appeared in large numbers. The advantages of biomass fixed bed pyrolysis and carbonization reaction equipment are fewer moving parts, simple manufacture, low cost, and convenient operation. The air flow can be affected by changing the position of the flue and the exhaust port and the top sealing structure to achieve the pyrolysis reaction. For the purpose of stability and high carbon yield, it is more suitable for small-scale carbon production.

Fixed bed carbonization equipment can be divided into external fuel heating type and internal combustion type according to different heat transfer methods:

The externally heated fixed bed pyrolysis and carbonization system consists of two parts: a heating furnace and a pyrolysis furnace. The external heating furnace body provides the energy required for pyrolysis to the pyrolysis furnace. Most of the heating furnaces use tube furnaces. The biggest advantage is that the temperature control is convenient and accurate, which can increase the utilization rate of biomass energy and improve the quality of pyrolysis products, but it needs to consume other forms of energy.

The combustion method of the internal-combustion fixed-bed pyrolysis carbonization furnace is similar to that of the traditional kiln-type carbonization furnace. Biomass fuel needs to be ignited in the furnace, and the pyrolysis is maintained by the heat provided by the fuel itself. The biggest difference between the internal combustion type carbonization furnace and the external heating type is the difference in heat transfer mode. The external heating type is heat conduction, while the internal combustion type carbonization furnace is a combination of heat conduction, heat convection, and heat radiation. The pyrolysis process of the internal combustion fixed bed pyrolysis carbonization furnace does not consume any external heat. Both the reaction itself and the drying of raw materials use the heat generated by the biomass itself. The thermal efficiency is high, but the consumption of biomass materials is large, and in order to maintain the oxygen deficiency Environment, insufficient combustion, slow heating rate, difficult to control temperature rise during pyrolysis.

With the continuous improvement of the country's attention to biomass energy, the biomass pyrolysis charcoal industry will surely develop rapidly and broadly. The mechanism of pyrolysis and carbonization and biomass pyrolysis and carbonization reaction equipment with high efficiency, energy saving, stability and high level of automation and mechanization will be the main research directions in the future.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to propose a biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment based on the integrated system of gasifier and boiler, so as to make full use of the energy generated by biomass pyrolysis and achieve the purpose of energy saving.

The biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment based on the integrated system of gasification furnace and boiler of the utility model is composed of a biomass carbonization furnace, a biomass gasification furnace and a boiler. The key is that the biomass carbonization furnace consists of a furnace body and a cover plate It is composed of an inner pot erected above the inside of the furnace body, the furnace body is provided with a flue gas discharge port, the cover plate is sealed and buckled on the furnace body, the cover plate and the furnace body form a heating chamber, and the cover plate and the inner pot form a In the carbonization chamber, the cover plate is provided with an openable and closable moisture discharge port corresponding to the position above the inner pot; a carbonization furnace furnace is formed between the bottom surface of the inner pot and the bottom wall of the heating chamber, and the furnace chamber is placed There is a burner; the carbonization chamber is connected to the burner of the boiler through the pyrolysis gas channel; the gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace is respectively connected to the burner of the biomass carbonization furnace and the burner of the boiler through the gas channel.

The combustible gas produced by the gasification furnace is supplied to the boiler for combustion, and a small part of the combustible gas is diverted to the carbonization furnace for combustion, thereby heating the inner pot, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the biomass material rods placed in the inner pot during the carbonization and pyrolysis stage is supplied to the boiler for combustion . During the generation of pyrolysis gas, the gasifier can be operated at the lowest output mode to save energy.

The flue gas produced by the burner of the biomass carbonization furnace is discharged through the flue gas discharge port of the furnace body.

In the process of heating the inner pot, the biomass material rod is heated and the temperature gradually rises, which is divided into the following stages: when the temperature is below 200°C, this process is basically a drying process, and the biomass material rod contains Moisture is evaporated by external heat and discharged from the moisture outlet of the cover plate; when the temperature continues to rise and reaches 200~400°C, the main components of biomass material rods are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The pyrolysis begins to occur and the pyrolysis gas is released, which is transported to the burner of the boiler along the pyrolysis gas channel for combustion in the boiler (at this time, the moisture discharge port of the cover needs to be closed), along with the process of biomass material sticks The quality begins to decrease significantly, and the main thermal decomposition reactions of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are terminated at 450~500°C; when the temperature reaches above 500°C, the biochar is in the refining process, and while generating H ₂ , The carbon element in the charcoal forms a condensed polycyclic aromatic result, and the proportion of the carbon element exceeds 80%.

Further, there are multiple flue gas discharge ports, which are evenly distributed on the side wall of the furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with several temperature sensors to detect the temperature distribution of the heating chamber; each of the flue gas discharge Each port is equipped with a flue gas discharge regulating valve for changing the opening of the flue gas discharge port; the temperature sensor and the flue gas discharge regulating valve are electrically connected to a control unit, and the control unit controls the flue gas discharge according to the information of the temperature sensor. The opening of the discharge regulating valve. During the carbonization process, the control unit receives the signal from the temperature sensor to judge the temperature distribution of the heating chamber. Large opening, or control the flue gas discharge regulating valve at a lower temperature to reduce the opening, thereby adjusting the temperature distribution of the heating chamber, making the temperature distribution in the heating chamber uniform and improving the carbonization quality.

Further, the smoke discharge port is connected to a smoke discharge pipe, and the smoke discharge pipe is provided with an exhaust fan, and the exhaust fan is electrically connected to the control unit. Discharging the flue gas through a unified flue gas discharge pipe helps to control pollution, and the exhaust fan can adjust the exhaust power to affect the temperature of the heating chamber ------ when the exhaust power of the exhaust fan is large At this time, the hot gas in the heating chamber is discharged faster, and the heat in the heating chamber is taken away faster, and the temperature of the heating chamber will decrease, otherwise, the temperature of the heating chamber will increase.

Further, the pyrolysis gas channel is provided with a pyrolysis gas purification device to purify the pyrolysis gas discharged from the carbonization chamber and reduce the adverse effects of tar and other substances contained in it on the boiler burner.

Further, the pyrolysis gas channel is provided with a valve electrically connected to the control unit, so that the valve can be closed at the initial stage of the carbonization operation (that is, the drying process of the biomass material rod) to prevent moisture from entering the boiler, and only When the biomass material rod is pyrolyzed, the valve is opened to make the pyrolysis gas entering the boiler burner pure.

Further, several thermocouples are provided in the carbonization chamber to detect the temperature distribution in the carbonization chamber, so that the control unit can control the work of other components according to the temperature distribution in the carbonization chamber, so as to make the temperature in the carbonization chamber Even temperature distribution.

Further, several iron cage frames with open tops are placed in the carbonization chamber, and gaps are left between adjacent iron cage frames. Put the biomass material rods vertically into the iron cage frame, and then put the iron cage frame into the inner pot. Multiple layers of iron cage frames can be placed in the charcoal pot, leaving space between each layer. The heat transfer in the carbonization chamber achieves temperature balance.

The biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment of the utility model is attached to a gasification furnace and a boiler, and can make carbon in the city or even in an industrial area, with zero emission and no pollution. The combustible gas produced by the gasifier is used for external heating, and the cost of external heating is extremely low. The pyrolysis gas generated during the carbonization process is returned to the boiler for combustion, which maximizes energy utilization and achieves the purpose of energy saving. During the carbonization process, the temperature rise in the carbonization chamber can be effectively monitored, so the process curve of the carbonization process can be realized by program control, which reduces the dependence on the experience of workers and ensures the quality of carbonization.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment of the present invention (without the cover plate).

Description of drawings: 1. Biomass carbonization furnace; 11. Furnace body; 12. Cover plate; 13. Inner pot; 14. Smoke discharge port; 15. Temperature sensor; 16. Moisture discharge port; 17. Burner; 18. Flue gas discharge pipe; 19. Iron cage frame; 2. Biomass gasifier; 3. Boiler; 4. Pyrolysis gas channel; 5. Pyrolysis gas purification device; 6. Valve; 7. Gas channel; 8 , Pipeline valve.

Detailed ways

Below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through the description of the implementation examples, the specific embodiments of the present utility model, such as the shape, structure, mutual position and connection relationship between each part, the role and working principle of each part, etc. Further details.

Example 1:

As shown in the figure, the biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment based on the integrated system of gasifier and boiler in this embodiment is composed of biomass carbonization furnace 1, biomass gasification furnace 2 and boiler 3. The key lies in the biomass carbonization The furnace 1 is composed of a furnace body 11, a cover plate 12 and an inner pot 13 erected above the interior of the furnace body 11. The side walls on both sides of the furnace body 11 are evenly provided with a plurality of smoke discharge ports 14, and each smoke discharge The openings 14 are all provided with flue gas discharge regulating valves for changing the opening degree of the flue gas discharge port 14; several temperature sensors 15 are also provided in the furnace body 11 to detect the temperature distribution of the heating chamber; the temperature sensors 15, the flue gas The gas discharge regulating valves are all electrically connected to a control unit, and the control unit controls the operation of the flue gas discharge regulating valves according to the information of the temperature sensor 15 .

The cover plate 12 is buckled on the furnace body 11 in a water-tight manner. The cover plate 12 and the furnace body 11 form a heating chamber, the inner pot 13 is located in the heating chamber, and the cover plate 12 and the inner pot 13 form a carbonization chamber. The cover plate 12 is provided with an openable and closable moisture discharge port 16 corresponding to the position above the inner pot 13; a carbonization furnace hearth is formed between the bottom surface of the inner pot 13 and the bottom wall of the heating chamber, and the There are several burners 17; the carbonization chamber is connected to the burner 17 of the boiler 3 through the pyrolysis gas passage 4, and the pyrolysis gas passage 4 is provided with a pyrolysis gas purification device 5 to purify the pyrolysis gas discharged from the carbonization chamber, The entrance of the pyrolysis gas channel 4 is provided with a valve 6 electrically connected to the control unit; the gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace 2 is connected to the burner 17 of the biomass carbonization furnace 1 and the combustion of the boiler 3 through the gas channel 7 respectively. Connected to the burner 17, and the gas channel 7 is provided with a pipeline valve 8 for distributing the amount of gas delivered to the burner 17 of the biomass carbonization furnace 1 and the burner 17 of the boiler 3 .

The smoke discharge port 14 is connected with a smoke discharge pipe 18, and the smoke discharge pipe 18 is provided with an exhaust fan, and the exhaust fan is electrically connected with the control unit.

Several thermocouples are arranged in the carbonization chamber at high, middle and low heights (thermocouples are not shown in the figure) to detect the temperature distribution in the carbonization chamber so that the control unit can To control the work of other components, try to make the temperature distribution in the carbonization chamber even.

Several iron cage frames 19 with open tops are placed in the carbonization chamber, and gaps are left between adjacent iron cage frames 19 . Put the biomass material rod vertically into the iron cage frame 19, then put the iron cage frame 19 into the inner pot 13, and put multiple layers of multiple iron cage frames 19 in the charcoal pot, leaving space between each layer. There is room to achieve temperature balance by utilizing heat transfer in the carbonization chamber.

The combustible gas produced by the gasification furnace is supplied to the boiler 3 for combustion, and a small part of the combustible gas is diverted to the carbonization furnace for combustion, thereby heating the inner pot 13, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the biomass material sticks placed in the inner pot 13 during the carbonization pyrolysis stage Supply boiler 3 to burn. During the generation of pyrolysis gas, the boiler mainly relies on pyrolysis gas to work, and the gasifier can be operated in the mode of the lowest output to achieve the purpose of energy saving.

The flue gas produced by the burner 17 of the biomass carbonization furnace 1 is discharged through the flue gas discharge port 14 of the furnace body 11 . The heating chamber of the biomass carbonization furnace 1 is controlled by the gas supply to increase the temperature, and the temperature is controlled by the flue gas discharge. During the carbonization process, the control unit receives the signal from the temperature sensor 15 to judge the temperature distribution of the heating chamber. If the temperature distribution of the heating chamber is not uniform enough, the control unit controls the flue gas discharge regulating valve at the higher temperature Increase the opening degree, or control the flue gas discharge regulating valve at a lower temperature to reduce the opening degree, thereby adjusting the temperature distribution of the heating chamber, making the temperature distribution in the heating chamber uniform, and improving the carbonization quality.

In the initial stage of the carbonization operation (that is, the drying process of the biomass material rod), close the valve 6 at the entrance of the pyrolysis gas channel 4, and open the moisture discharge port 16 to prevent moisture from entering the burner 17 of the boiler 3; Open the valve 6 at the entrance of the pyrolysis gas channel 4 during the pyrolysis of the biomass material rod, and close the moisture discharge port 16, so that the pyrolysis gas entering the burner 17 of the boiler 3 is pure.

It takes several days to complete a traditional charcoal production cycle, but the patented technology can complete a charcoal production cycle in 24 hours, which greatly improves work efficiency.

Claims (7)

1. one kind carbonizes equipment based on the biomass pyrolytic of vapourizing furnace and boiler integrated system, be made up of biomass carbonizing furnace, biomass gasifying furnace and boiler, it is characterized in that described biomass carbonizing furnace is by body of heater, cover plate be set up in pot in above furnace interior and form, described body of heater is provided with fume emission mouth, described cover plate for sealing is fastened on body of heater, cover plate and body of heater form heating chamber, cover plate and interior pot are formed and carbonize chamber, and the position that described cover plate corresponds to above interior pot is provided with the moisture exhausting mouth that can open and close; Form charring furnace burner hearth between described face, the interior the bottom of a pan and the diapire of heating chamber, in described burner hearth, be placed with burner; Described charing chamber is connected with the burner of boiler by pyrolysis gas passage; The gas outlet of described biomass gasifying furnace is connected with the burner of biomass carbonizing furnace and the burner of boiler respectively by blast tube.

2. the biomass pyrolytic based on vapourizing furnace and boiler integrated system according to claim 1 carbonizes equipment, it is characterized in that described fume emission mouth has multiple, and being uniformly distributed in the sidewall of body of heater, described body of heater is provided with several temperature sensors, to detect the profiling temperatures of heating chamber; Described each fume emission mouth is equipped with the fume emission variable valve for changing fume emission mouth aperture; Described temperature sensor, fume emission variable valve are all electrically connected with a control unit, and described control unit controls the aperture of fume emission variable valve according to the information of temperature sensor.

3. the biomass pyrolytic based on vapourizing furnace and boiler integrated system according to claim 2 carbonizes equipment, it is characterized in that described fume emission mouth is connected with a flue gas exhausting pipe line, described flue gas exhausting pipe line is provided with vacuum fan, and described vacuum fan is electrically connected with control unit.

4. the biomass pyrolytic based on vapourizing furnace and boiler integrated system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 carbonizes equipment, it is characterized in that described pyrolysis gas passage is provided with pyrolysis gas refining plant.

5. the biomass pyrolytic based on vapourizing furnace and boiler integrated system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 carbonizes equipment, it is characterized in that described pyrolysis gas passage is provided with the valve be electrically connected with control unit.

6. the biomass pyrolytic based on vapourizing furnace and boiler integrated system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 carbonizes equipment, it is characterized in that being provided with several thermopairs in described charing chamber, to detect the profiling temperatures in charing chamber.

7. the biomass pyrolytic based on vapourizing furnace and boiler integrated system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 carbonizes equipment, it is characterized in that being placed with several open-topped iron cage frames in described charing chamber, and leaves gap between adjacent iron cage frame.