CN1847766A - 通过与冷却液体直接热交换而冷却气体的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于通过与冷却液体直接进行热交换而冷却气体的方法，该方法中气体(1)被引入到直接接触冷却器(2)的底部区域中，第一冷却液体流(8)在气体的引入(1)部位的上方被引入到直接接触冷却器(2)中，冷却后的气体(5)在气体的引入(1)部位的上方从直接接触冷却器(2)排出。液态的回流(10)从直接接触冷却器(2)的底部区域排出并且作为再循环流(11)被继续引导。温度低于所述回流(10)温度的一个第二冷却液体流(13)被至少偶尔地引入到该液态的回流(10)中并且与该回流合并成一个再循环流(11)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过与冷却液体直接热交换而冷却气体的方法和相应的装置。在此，直接接触冷却器中上升的气体与第一冷却液体流直接对流接触。从该直接接触冷却器引出冷却后的气体和液态的回流并且该回流被作为再循环流继续引导。
背景技术
这种方法例如在冷却压缩空气时使用，特别是用于预冷空气分离设备。它不但涉及低温方法，而且涉及例如利用吸附或膜技术的非低温分离工艺。用于低温分离空气的方法和装置例如由Hausen/Linde，低温学，第2版1985，第4章(281-337页)公开。带有直接接触冷却器的空气分离装置的实例在瓦格纳，目前的空气分离工艺，林德股份公司在慕尼黑举办的第5次研讨会，25.-27.06.86，条款A(图1a)和瓦格纳，空气分离工艺的发展，林德-研讨会空气分离设备1980，条款A(图11)中可查到。
预冷用于空气分离的进料空气(Einsatzluft)时，空气在主热交换器或者净化装置的上游被冷却，例如从50到150℃被冷却到5到40℃，优选从90到100℃被冷却到8到12℃。通常使用冷却水作为冷却液体，该冷却水多数情况下被在一个冷却水循环回路中引导。该冷却水循环回路通常设置在一个更大的冷却水系统中，该系统还为其他过程提供冷却水。在这样的冷却水系统中，预给定始流温度和再循环流温度，这意味着在直接接触冷却器中，在第一冷却液体流和再循环流之间必须有一定的温度差。到目前为止，通过相应确定第一冷却液体流的流量大小而实现这一点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，使这种方法变得更经济。
该目的是这样实现的，即再循环流的温度被调节，其方式是将温度比回流的温度低的第二冷却液体流导入该液态的再循环流中。所提供的冷却液体的一部分不参与或者至少不完全参与与待被冷却的气体的直接热交换。
乍一看是矛盾的，因为相应的冷却能力看起来被放弃了。不过在本发明范围内，证明了在开头所述类型的常规冷却方法中，经过直接接触冷却器的冷却液体量比在气体的所希望的冷却方面所需的冷却液体量明显地多。在本发明中现在可以与始流温度和再循环流温度无关地来调节经过直接接触冷却器的冷却液体量。在此情况下，导致来自直接接触冷却器的回流中的温度升高。尽管如此，预给定的再循环流温度仍可以通过混入来自第二冷却液体流的冷的冷却液体实现。
在本发明的方法中，直接接触冷却器的以及必要时连接在前面的增压泵的液体载荷相应地小。这些部件和附属的管路可以相应地小型化。在该泵中同时可以节省驱动能量。通过这些优点容易地过度补偿热的和冷的冷却液体的本身在能量上不利的混合。
例如可使用水作为冷却液体。
该直接接触冷却器原则上可以构造为喷射分段式冷却器。不过它们通常具有传质元件形式的内装式部件、尤其是筛板、填料和/或有序充填物。
优选在本方法中使用一个集成的冷却液体系统，第一和第二冷却液体流来自该系统，并且所述再循环流流回该系统中。在该冷却液体系统中多个负载(Verbraucher)的再循环流被合并、被在一个液体冷却装置、例如一个冷却塔或一个蒸发冷却器中冷却并且接着又作为始流被提供给这些负载。第一冷却液体流以及通常第二冷却液体流来自该冷却水系统。
原则上第二冷却液体流可来自温度相应地较低的任何冷却液体源，特别是来自冷却液体系统的其他负载、例如气体压缩机的中间冷却器和/或后冷却器，在该气体压缩机中压缩待被冷却的气体。然而有利的是，为了使直接接触冷却器中的过程不过分地依赖于其余的冷却液体流，将第一冷却液体流和第二冷却液体流从主冷却液体流中分流出，其中，该主冷却液体流特别是不供应其他的冷却液体负载。
优选通过调节第一和第二冷却液体的流量来调节再循环流的温度。对两个冷却液体流的流量的调节可以靠人工、通过自动调节混合温度或者作为事先确定的比例或事先确定的绝对量的固定调节来进行。
如果将第一冷却液体流与第二冷却液体流分开，通过一个或多个冷却液体泵引导，则该泵以及与之连接的管路的尺寸可以相应地缩小。
此外，本发明涉及一种根据权利要求6的、用于冷却气体的装置，以及根据后续权利要求的、用于气体分离、特别是用于低温空气分离的方法和装置。
附图说明
以下借助一个在附图中示意性示出的实施例来进一步解释本发明以及本发明的其他细节。
气体经管路1通入直接接触冷却器2的底部区域，在该实施例中紧邻地在液池的上方。该直接接触冷却器具有两个传质段(Stoffaustauschabschnitt)3、4，它们分别装有筛板、填料或有序的充填物(Packungen)。位于这些段上部的液体分配器没有示出。在该直接接触冷却器的顶部，冷却后的气体经管路5排出。
待被冷却的气体1优选来自一个进料气体压缩机(Einsatzgasverdichter)(未示出)，该压缩机可以具有一个后冷却器，在该后冷却器中压缩热的一部分通过间接的热交换排出；不过在该实施例中没有设置这样的后冷却器。这里，温度为90到100℃的气体1进入直接接触冷却器2中，并且冷却过的气体5又在低于8到12℃的温度下流出。
主冷却液体流由一个冷却液体系统通过管路6在预确定的、优选15到45℃，例如约30℃的始流温度下供应。至少一部分作为第一冷却液体流7、8通过一个例如电驱动的泵9输送到该直接接触冷却器2的下部段3。该冷却液体在直接接触冷却器2、3中与来自管路1的气体进行直接的热交换。在此，该冷却液体变热并作为回流10从该直接接触冷却器引出。该回流经过再循环管路11流回冷却液体系统。
根据本发明，该回流首先与温度更低的第二冷却液体流12、13混合。在该实施例中该第二冷却液体流从主冷却液体流6分支出。管路11中的再循环流温度(优选25到55℃，例如约40℃)通过第一冷却液体流(优选30到60℃，例如约45℃)和第二冷却液体流(优选15到45℃，例如约30℃)的流量来调节，所述流量通过相应地调节阀15、14来实现。在此，对两个冷却液体流的流量的调节可以靠人工、通过自动温度调节或者作为事先确定的比例或事先确定的绝对量的固定调节来进行。必要时可将用于回流10的排流阀17加入到该调节中。
以此方式可以与冷却液体系统的预定值无关地通过管路8仅将对于段3中的气体冷却实际所需的冷却液体量引入直接接触冷却器中。由冷却液体系统预给定的再循环流温度与此无关地在回流10中通过混合13而达到。
直接接触冷却器的上部段4对于本发明方法不是主要的并且原则上可以省略。在该实施例中，它用于通过第三冷却液体流16进一步冷却气体，该第三冷却液体流尤其由新鲜水或由来自蒸发冷却器或制冷装置的冷水组成。
在该实施例中所述气体由大气空气组成。冷却后的空气5在一个有吸附性的净化装置中被处理，并且接着进入一个低温分离装置的冷芯盒中。在该冷芯盒中，所述空气在主热交换器中被冷却到露点左右，并通入分离塔中或者分离装置的蒸馏塔系统的一个或多个分离塔中。
所述冷却液体由水组成。
在该实施例的具体应用中，回流10的温度比没有混合(关闭阀14)的方法提高了5K。在此，第一冷却液体流7、8的量可以减小约40％。从而可以使直接接触冷却器的横截面减小约10％并且节约泵9的泵功率约40％。
代替从初始冷却液体中分流出第二冷却液体流13地，回流10可与其他相对冷的冷却液体流混合，例如与一个或多个气体压缩机的中间冷却器的一个或多个回流混合。在此，在本发明范围内，通过相关的中间冷却器调节冷却液体的相对高的通过量，以便在与来自直接接触冷却器的回流混合前达到相应低的温度。
Claims (10)
1.用于通过与冷却液体直接进行热交换而冷却气体的方法，该方法中
-气体(1)被引入到直接接触冷却器(2)的底部区域中，
-第一冷却液体流(8)在气体的引入(1)部位的上方被引入到直接接触冷却器(2)中，
-冷却后的气体(5)在气体的引入(1)部位的上方从直接接触冷却器(2)排出，和
-液态的回流(10)从直接接触冷却器(2)的底部区域排出并且作为再循环流(11)被继续引导，
其特征在于，
该再循环流的温度被调节，其方式是温度低于所述液态的回流(10)的温度的一个第二冷却液体流(13)被至少偶尔地引入到该再循环流中。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，该再循环流(11)被输送到一个集成的冷却液体系统中，后者向多个负载供应冷的冷却液体，并且从该冷却液体系统引出第一和必要时第二冷却液体流。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，从一个主冷却液体流(6)分流出第一冷却液体流(7、8)和第二冷却液体流(12、13)，并且第二冷却液体流(12、13)在直接接触冷却器(2)旁经过。
4.根据权利要求1到3之一的方法，其特征在于，通过对第一和第二冷却液体流的流量进行调节(14、15)来调节再循环流(11)的温度。
5.根据权利要求1到4之一的方法，其特征在于，第一冷却液体流(7、8)与第二冷却液体流分开地被通过一个或多个冷却液体泵(9)导送。
6.用于通过与冷却液体的直接热交换而冷却气体的装置，具有
-一个直接接触冷却器，
-用于将气体引入直接接触冷却器的底部区域的装置，
-用于将第一冷却液体流在气体的引入部位的上方引入直接接触冷却器中的装置，
-用于将冷却后的气体在气体的引入部位的上方从直接接触冷却器排出的装置，
-用于将液态的回流从直接接触冷却器的底部区域排出的装置，
其特征在于：
-用于将温度比所述回流的温度低的第二冷却液体流混合到所述液态的回流中的装置，
-一个用于由第二冷却液体流和回流组成的混合物的再循环管路，和
-通过调节第一和/或第二冷却液体流的流量来调节再循环流的温度的调节装置。
7.用于气体分离、特别是空气分离的方法，该方法中，进料气体被压缩、在按照权利要求1到5之一的方法中被冷却并且被输送到一个分离装置。
8.用于低温空气分离的方法，该方法中，进料空气被压缩、在按照权利要求1到5之一的方法中被冷却并且被输送到一个净化装置和接着被输送到带有至少一个分离塔的蒸馏塔系统。
9.用于气体分离、特别是空气分离的装置，该装置具有：一个进料气体压缩机，其出口与根据权利要求6的、用于冷却的装置连接；一个分离装置，其入口与该用于冷却的装置的出口连接。
10.用于低温空气分离的装置，该装置具有：一个主空气压缩机，其出口与根据权利要求6的、用于冷却的装置连接；一个分离装置，其入口通过一个净化装置与该用于冷却的装置的出口连接。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| EP05002984 | 2005-02-11 | ||
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| US (1) | US7536873B2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1847766A (zh) |
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| CN102467191A (zh) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-23 | 英业达股份有限公司 | 冷却系统及其控制方法 |
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| CN103459815A (zh) * | 2011-03-22 | 2013-12-18 | 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 | 改变低排放涡轮气体再循环回路的方法和与此相关的系统和设备 |
| CN103797228A (zh) * | 2011-03-22 | 2014-05-14 | 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 | 结合入口压缩机氧化剂控制设备的低排放涡轮系统和与其相关的方法 |
| CN103797228B (zh) * | 2011-03-22 | 2017-03-22 | 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 | 结合入口压缩机氧化剂控制设备的低排放涡轮系统和与其相关的方法 |
| TWI593872B (zh) * | 2011-03-22 | 2017-08-01 | 艾克頌美孚上游研究公司 | 整合系統及產生動力之方法 |
| CN107454917A (zh) * | 2015-04-16 | 2017-12-08 | 米歇尔·范德威尔公司 | 簇绒机 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2006104022A (ru) | 2007-09-20 |
| US7536873B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 |
| US20060179878A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
| CA2535996A1 (en) | 2006-08-11 |
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