CN1695750A - Pyrotechnic aerosol, dry powder fire extinguishing agent composite fire extinguishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

A fire extinguisher using pyrotechnic aerosol and dried fire extinguishing powder is composed of ignitor, end cover, casing, burning chamber, net filtering, connector, chemical cooling chamber full of the microspheres prepared from the mixture of potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate, physical cooling chamber full of spherical Al2O3, dried fire extinguishing powder module, pressure buffering chamber, sealing film and nozzle.

Description

Pyrotechnic aerosol, dry powder fire extinguishing agent composite fire extinguishing device

Technical field

The invention relates to a novel fire extinguishing device, which is a fire extinguishing device which comprehensively utilizes the combined fire extinguishing efficiency of pyrotechnic aerosol and dry powder fire extinguishing agent.

technical background

Aerosol fire extinguishing device is a new type of fire extinguishing equipment developed rapidly in recent years. It is widely used because of its small size and good fire extinguishing effect. As we all know, fire extinguishing aerosol is a gas-solid aerosol composed of N ₂ , CO ₂ , H ₂ O vapor and metal oxide particles produced by the combustion of pyrotechnic powder. Harmful gases such as CO, NO, HCN, NH ₃ and so on. Generally, the temperature of the combustion product of pyrotechnic aerosol fire extinguishing agent is usually between 800-1000°C, and in order to ensure that no thermal damage is caused to the objects in the protected space, the actual use of pyrotechnic aerosol fire extinguishing devices requires that the aerosol outlet temperature be controlled at 100-200°C. Therefore heat absorption, cooling and purification filter devices are generally designed in the pyrotechnic aerosol fire extinguishing device, for example, iron balls and stone balls are used to form the heat absorption and cooling layer in a kind of aerosol fire extinguishing device disclosed in CN2313619Y; The metal material constitutes the cooling layer to reduce the temperature of the aerosol; CN2558404Y adopts chemical cooling materials (ammonia salts, carbonates, chlorides and mixtures thereof) to prevent fire and reduce the temperature; although this type of technology can reduce the temperature, it is A negative technical measure that does not utilize the energy released during the aerosol cooling process as much as possible.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency pyrotechnic aerosol fire extinguishing device of fire-blocking and cooling type in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art. It adopts a new type of cooling material, which can effectively reduce the gas outlet temperature, and uses gas as the power source for spraying and dispersing dry powder fire extinguishing agent, combines hot aerosol and cold aerosol, increases the content of fire extinguishing components in aerosol, and improves the Fire extinguishing effect.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: compared with the prior art, this device not only adopts a new pyrotechnic aerosol fire extinguishing agent and coolant, but also specially designs a dry powder fire extinguishing agent assembly, realizing the chemical and Physically combined aerosol-forming methods. The hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent powder column adopts equal cross-section die-casting, the ignition powder is black powder, and the ignition method is electric ignition. After the igniter receives the start signal, the black powder is ignited and the fire extinguishing agent powder column is ignited. The high temperature fire extinguishing aerosol produced by the powder column combustion enters the chemical cooling chamber, which is filled with a mixture of potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm. Microspheres and potassium nitrate ensure that the aerosol is fully burned and completely oxidized and reduced, thereby reducing the toxicity of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent and reducing the particles of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent. Potassium carbonate decomposes and absorbs heat to reduce the temperature of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent. In the chemical cooling chamber, the content of harmful gases in the fire extinguishing aerosol is reduced as much as possible through the action of specific oxidation or reduction catalysts under different temperature conditions, and at the same time, the waste heat of the aerosol cooling process is fully utilized to increase the output of fire extinguishing substances. After full oxidation or reduction, the lower temperature fire extinguishing aerosol enters the physical cooling chamber, and the physical cooling chamber is filled with 0.5-1mm aluminum oxide microspheres, which can further cool the fire extinguishing aerosol to below 150°C, meeting the use requirements. The physical cooling chamber also has a filtering function to filter out larger solid residues and purify the fire extinguishing aerosol. When the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent is sprayed from the physical cooling chamber, it still has a high pressure, and its kinetic energy can be used to drive the dry powder fire extinguishing agent to spray out from the nozzle at a high speed, and it can be sprayed on the surface of the burning object to achieve multiple fire extinguishing effects. Improve fire extinguishing efficiency.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Using a mixture of potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate as a further oxidation and cooling agent can reduce the toxicity of the fire extinguishing aerosol, increase the output of fire extinguishing substances, and reduce the temperature of the aerosol.

2. A dry powder fire extinguishing agent assembly is installed behind the physical cooling chamber, making full use of the kinetic energy of the hot aerosol to drive the dry powder fire extinguishing agent to spray out from the outlet together, producing multiple fire extinguishing effects and improving fire extinguishing efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a composite fire extinguishing device of pyrotechnic aerosol and dry powder fire extinguishing agent.

In the figure: 1. Igniter; 2. End cover; 3. Shell; 4. Combustion chamber (aerosol fire extinguishing agent); 5. Intermediate connector; 6. Filter screen; 7. Chemical cooling chamber (chemical coolant); 8. Physical cooling chamber (physical coolant); 9. Dry powder fire extinguishing agent; 10. Pressure buffer chamber; 11. Sealing film; 12 nozzles.

Detailed ways

In Fig. 1, igniter (1), end cover (2), shell (3), combustion chamber (4), intermediate connector (5), filter screen (6), chemical cooling chamber (7), physical cooling The chamber (8), the dry powder fire extinguishing agent (9), the pressure buffer chamber (10), the sealing film (11), and the nozzle (12) are axially arranged in sequence to form a pyrotechnic aerosol and dry powder fire extinguishing agent composite fire extinguishing device. The shell (3) is a cylindrical structure, and is manufactured by welding process, so it has high pressure resistance. The end cover (2) adopts a threaded structure and is connected with the cylindrical shell (3). In order to ensure the overall airtightness of the gas generator, the joint is sealed with a copper high-temperature and high-pressure gasket, and the two shells (3) are connected by the middle The parts are threaded, and the spout and the shell are also threaded. The igniter (1) can be a common electric igniter, which is inserted from the shaft center of the end cover to the bottom of the combustion chamber (4) to ignite by threaded connection, so that the aerosol fire extinguishing agent in the combustion chamber (4) can burn as much as possible along the axial direction , thereby reducing the gas production rate and the internal pressure of the combustion chamber (4).

The combustion chamber (4), the chemical cooling chamber (7) and the physical cooling chamber (8) are arranged in series in the cylindrical shell (3), separated by screens (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) between them, The filter screen is composed of multi-layer 24 mesh stainless steel and perforated steel plate. The pyrotechnic aerosol fire extinguishing agent is filled in the combustion chamber (4). The gas produced by the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is non-toxic, low corrosive, and meets atmospheric safety standards. The chemical cooling chamber (7) is filled with chemical coolant, and microspheres made of a mixture of potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm are selected. On the one hand, in this chamber, the aerosol can be fully burned and oxidized for the second time, thereby reducing the aerosol product. CO, NO, HCN, NH ₃ and other toxic gases in the combustion, on the other hand, the secondary combustion redox also increases a large amount of aerosol gas that is beneficial to fire extinguishing, and the aerosol energy is utilized to the greatest extent. The physical cooling chamber (8) is filled with a physical coolant, aluminum oxide microspheres with a diameter of 0.5 to 1 mm are selected, and the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is fully filtered, adsorbed and cooled in this chamber. A dry powder fire extinguishing agent assembly (9) is arranged behind the physical cooling chamber (8), and the fire extinguishing aerosol with relatively high pressure moves the dry powder fire extinguishing agent into the subsequent pressure buffer chamber. When the pressure exceeds the rupture pressure of the sealing membrane (11), The sealing film ruptures, and finally the fire extinguishing aerosol with dry powder fire extinguishing agent is ejected by the exhaust port (12) at a higher speed.

The fire extinguishing mechanism of this device: when extinguishing a fire, start the igniter (1), ignite the aerosol fire extinguishing agent grain (4) through the black powder, the agent is fully burned in the combustion chamber, the aerosol is fully oxidized and reduced in the chemical cooling chamber, The cooling chamber and physical cooling chamber are fully cooled, cooled, and filtered, and finally the dry powder fire extinguishing agent is driven to spray out the aerosol and dry powder composite fire extinguishing agent that meet the requirements from the nozzle to effectively extinguish the fire. Fire suppression mechanisms are both chemical inhibition (consuming the free radicals necessary for the combustion reaction) and physical isolation (inert components in the aerosol separate the fuel from the air).

In the present invention, the entire shell is designed as a reusable structure. After each use, the pyrotechnic aerosol and dry powder fire extinguishing agent composite fire extinguishing device shell is cleaned of reactant residues, and the chemical agent can be replaced for repeated use. The shell material is made of steel or other high-strength light alloy materials.

In the present invention, the average temperature of the output aerosol is lower than 100°C.

Claims (7)

1. A pyrotechnic aerosol and dry powder fire extinguishing agent composite fire extinguishing device, which is composed of an igniter, an end cover, a casing, a combustion chamber, a filter screen, a cooling chamber, a pressure buffer chamber, a fire extinguishing agent, a nozzle, a sealing film, etc., and is characterized in that The device is equipped with pyrotechnic aerosol and dry powder fire extinguishing agent to realize the organic combination of hot aerosol and cold aerosol. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dry powder fire extinguishing agent is sprayed out driven by pyrotechnic aerosol. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical coolant filled in the chemical cooling chamber is microspheres made of a mixture of potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate with a diameter of 2-3 mm. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the physical coolant filled in the physical cooling chamber is spherical aluminum oxide with cooling and filtering functions. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrotechnic aerosol fire extinguishing agent grain is designed as a cylinder with a middle hole. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the igniter goes deep into the inner end surface of the grain to realize layer-by-layer combustion. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure buffer chamber is set before the exhaust port, so that the dry powder fire extinguishing agent and the aerosol are fully mixed.