CN1546434A - Sanitary earthenware - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sanitary pottery with controllable glaze surface possessing good pollution resistant property, durability and glossiness, which is formed on pottery blanks with glaze surface, wherein the central line average roughness Ra of the glaze surface is smaller than 0.07 mum.

Description

Sanitary ware

Technical field

The present invention relates to the sanitary ware such as wash basin, hand basin of w.c.pan, urinal, closet strainer, closet groove, the platform of washing one's face.

Background technology

The surface of sanitary ware have attractive in appearance and also the cleaning on the health and attractive in appearance on be very important.And then wish that this state can keep chronically.

Attractive in appearance in order on the sanitary ware surface, to keep clean, to keep, generally be that washing composition with tensio-active agent, acid, alkali etc. sticks in and sweeps on sweet potato or the brush, clean consumingly on the sanitary ware surface.Promptly with the chemical clearing power of washing composition and sweep sweet potato and the physics clearing power of brush friction is removed the dirt on surface.

This clean operation is not to be light physical labor, thereby wishes to reduce the number of times of its washing.And the press circles have pointed out that the draining that contains tensio-active agent has caused the pollution of environment in recent years, so when using tensio-active agent, wish that its amount and number of times can reduce.

In view of the foregoing, proposed on the health and attractive in appearance on have good surface sanitary ware.

For example, proposed at sanitary ware surface applied fluoro-resin or contained the silicone resin of fluoroalkyl, surface energy is reduced, made the method on the surface that dirt is difficult to adhere to.

In addition, also proposed the surface to be made smoothly as far as possible, prevented that dirt is strongly attached to the method on sanitary ware surface.; for the state on surface and, the relation of the dirt difficulty of adhering to, weather resistance, gloss intensity; never fully studied so long as the smooth-flat-surface dirt just is difficult to adhere to; reach on attractive in appearance on the understanding basis of notion of good degree, only proposed to have the sanitary ware of smooth-flat-surface.

Summary of the invention

The present inventor, the sanitary ware that the state by control glaze layer surface found recently can obtain being difficult to polluting, weather resistance is good or glossiness is good.

That is, the objective of the invention is to, provide dirt extremely difficulty adhere to, even and adhere to dirt, the sanitary ware that also can remove fully with weak current.

According to sanitary ware of the present invention is the sanitary ware that forms surperficial glaze layer on the pottery base substrate, and the center line average roughness Ra of the above-mentioned surperficial glaze layer that the contact pin type surface roughness measurement device of usefulness JIS-B0651 (1996) standard is measured is less than 0.07 μ m.

Description of drawings

Among Fig. 1 (a) and (b) for implementing the surface-treated platform-type washbowl that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Among Fig. 2 (a) and (b) for implementing the wall-hanging washbowl of surface-treated that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Among Fig. 3 (a) and (b) for implementing the surface-treated platform following formula washbowl that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Among Fig. 4 (a) and (b) for implementing the surface-treated bidet that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Among Fig. 5 (a) and (b) for implementing the surface-treated urinal that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Among Fig. 6 (a) and (b) for implementing embedding formula on the surface-treated (or part is exposed formula) washbowl that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Among Fig. 7 (a) and (b) for implementing the surface-treated platform following formula washbowl that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Among Fig. 8 (a) and (b) for implementing the another kind of wall-hanging washbowl of surface-treated that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Among Fig. 9 (a) and (b) for implementing the another kind of bidet of surface-treated that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Among Figure 10 (a) and (b) for implementing the another kind of urinal of surface-treated that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Among Figure 11 (a) and (b) for implementing the another kind of washbowl of surface-treated that carried out of the present invention, wherein (a) is stereographic map, (b) is vertical view.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 utilizes the design of corner angle to create stronger traditional style, demonstrates the stylish design of simple-type simultaneously in the fashion of traditional style again.The design of Fig. 6 to Figure 10 is to utilize bigger size and bold tangent line performance feeling of high class and continental broad sense.Figure 11 is the washbowl with box-shaped and block moulding, the design that forms a sharp contrast with simple very thin stand.

Definition

Among the present invention, said " sanitary ware " is meant the toilet and the employed pottery product around the platform of washing one's face, the wash basin of concrete is w.c.pan, urinal, closet strainer, closet groove, the platform of washing one's face, hand washer etc.

In addition, said " pottery " is meant in the ceramic ware have slightly under the water-absorbent degree at it after the calcining of base substrate, and imposes the goods of glaze on its surface.

According to sanitary ware of the present invention is the sanitary ware that forms surperficial glaze layer on the pottery base substrate, and the center line average roughness Ra of above-mentioned surperficial glaze layer is less than 0.07 μ m.According to the embodiment of the best of the present invention, center line average roughness preferably Ra below the 0.068 μ m, more preferably below the 0.05 μ m, most preferably below the 0.03 μ m.Known to present inventors, in the sanitary ware field, its surfaceness is not controlled in the above-mentioned scope, and commercially available at least also will be about 0.1 μ m.

According to sanitary ware of the present invention, be to be difficult to adhere to urinary calculi, mould, yellow stain, other dirt, even perhaps adhere to, also can remove with weak current.Its result can accomplish not to be on the point of numerous ground washing operation and just can keep clean pottery surface for a long time.Make level and smooth surperficial dirt and just be difficult to exist, since very early, this viewpoint has just been arranged.But effect of the present invention is extremely more remarkable than viewpoint in the past, and unexpected surprised effect is arranged.For example, embodiment is described as described later, in the sanitary ware of the present invention, the dirt of color oil by with the contacting of water, just can float up, can remove fully with flowing water.Equally, also be same for salad oil.And then adhering to of incrustation scale, urinary calculi is extremely difficult, also can remove simply even adhere to dirt, and so highly difficult tack and dirt be the property removed very easily, is uncertain fully according to the viewpoint in past.In the time of in the scope of above-mentioned numerical value, its effect just very significantly, but if its effect will disappear significantly when departing from above-mentioned scope.That is, be the boundary with above-mentioned numerical value, produce significant difference on the effect.

The mechanism of above-mentioned resulting effect of the present invention is still not really clear at present, but can do following consideration.The area that dirt contacts with the surface, level and smooth surface, contact area should be more little.Consequently, the interaction force between surface and dirt, the surface is smoothly also just more little.Therefore, it is out-of-date that this dirt water does not have, and acts on buoyancy on the dirt and be and being in proportion of dirt, so when long-pending, dirt is easy to come-up to mutual power, is easy to water and removes for little smooth-flat-surface.This consideration also is the extension of viewpoint in the past, still can not prove absolutely the otherness of the unusual effect that produces when some numerical value among the present invention is as boundary.Therefore, the level and smooth degree among the present invention of can predicting is in above-mentioned numerical range the time, to whether also producing some big influence in the interaction on dirt and glaze surface., this is prediction just, and the present invention is not limited in the method for such consideration.

Among the present invention, said " center line average roughness Ra " is meant the direction from roughness curve along this medullary ray, extract the part of measured length l, this is extracted medullary ray partly as X-axis, the direction of vertical multiplying power is as Y-axis, during with Y=f (x) expression roughness curve, obtain the value of representing with micron (μ m) by following formula.

$R_a=\frac{1}{l}{\∫}_0^l\left|f\left(x\right)\right|\mathrm{dx}$

The mensuration of center line average roughness Ra among the present invention is definition and the expression according to JIS-BO601 (1994), is to be that the contact pin type surface roughness measurement device of benchmark is implemented with JIS-BO651 (1996).These JIS benchmark can be easy to obtain together with its English translation from JIS department (the red plate 4-1-24 of Tokyo, Japan harbor district).

The summary of determinator, as shown in figure 24.Detector 11 has probe 12 and slide block 13 among the figure, when delivering to the surface of sample 14 on the stationary installation 15 by feeder 16, and the displacement of detector 11 detection of vertical directions.This displacement is illustrated on indicating unit or the recording unit by the expansion instrument (not shown), can obtain the curve of surfaceness.

According to opinion of the present invention, though forming, effect glaze of the present invention do not play a big part, its preferred range and preferred scope are as follows.

Preferable range (weight %) is scope (weight %) more preferably

SiO ₂ 55～80 60～80

AI ₂O ₃ 5～13 5～10

Fe ₂O ₃ 0.1～0.4 0.1～0.4

MgO 0.8～3.0 0.8～3.0

CaO 8～17 8～15

ZnO 3～8 4～8

K ₂O 1～4 1～4

Na ₂O 0.5～2.5 0.5～2.5

ZrO ₂ 0.1～15 0.1～1?5

Pigment 1～20 1～20

In addition, in the preferred embodiments of the invention, in glaze layer, also can make it have additional function by adding glaze additive in addition.As adding additive in the glaze to preferably in roasting process, form compound with glaze or surrounding gas reaction.For example, silver, copper, zinc or its compound when adding the photocatalyst of the antibacterial metal of Solid solution etc. or titanium oxide, zinc oxide, stannic oxide, ferric oxide, tungstic oxide, strontium titanate, bismuthous oxide bismuth trioxide etc., can be brought into play antibacterial effect.In addition, the existence of above-mentioned photocatalyst also can encourage wetting ability, obtain having the photoreduction effect.

Among the present invention, the thickness of above-mentioned surperficial glaze layer can suitably determine, but for example generally is the thickness about 0.1～3mm, preferably about 0.2～2mm, and 0.3～1.2mm most preferably.

Sanitary ware of the present invention, the closet form of concrete is above-mentioned w.c.pan, urinal, closet strainer etc.Can prevent the Huang stain pollution of bowl-shaped portion in the closet, discharge portion etc. effectively, perhaps remove easily.In addition, sanitary ware of the present invention can make the form of the wash basin of the platform of washing one's face.The soap that can prevent bowl-shaped portion in the wash basin effectively pollutes and incrustation scale pollution etc., perhaps removes easily.

According to preferred version of the present invention, in the sanitary ware of the present invention, the glaze raw material that forms surperficial glaze layer can use following any, and it is used on the pottery base substrate, creates by roasting.

(1) using 50% particle diameter (D50) with the laser diffractometry particle size distribution is the glaze raw material of 1.5 μ m.

(2) use amorphousness glaze raw material, for example vitrified glassiness glaze raw material.

(3) use amorphousness glaze raw material, the mixing glaze of for example vitrified glassiness glaze raw material and non-vitreous glaze raw material.

At first, the pottery base substrate can be a known pottery base substrate of past.That is, can be the suitable forming composition as the synthetic sanitary ware base substrate of raw material mud such as silica sand, feldspar, clay.

The glaze raw material of above-mentioned (1), with the glaze material powder with pulverizing such as ball mills and produce.Use such micronization glaze raw material, can obtain having the sanitary ware of smooth-flat-surface of the present invention.

The amorphousness glaze raw material of above-mentioned (2), for example vitrified glassiness glaze raw material is by the glaze material powder is obtained in the high-temperature fusion more than 1300 ℃.Use vitrified so in advance glaze raw material, can obtain having the sanitary ware of smooth-flat-surface of the present invention.

And then, in the mode of above-mentioned (3), use the amorphousness glaze raw material of vitrified glassiness glaze raw material class and the mixture of non-vitreous glaze raw material.Amorphousness glaze raw material can obtain with above-mentioned (2) identical method.

The particle diameter of above-mentioned non-vitreous glaze material powder does not have special restriction, but preferably fine powder, and preferably 50% particle diameter is below the 6 μ m, more preferably below the 4 μ m, most preferably below the 1.5 μ m.

In addition, according to preferred version of the present invention, in above-mentioned (3), in the glaze raw material powder, at least after the roasting as the crystalline particle residual component, 50% particle diameter miniaturization is below 6 μ m, more preferably below the 4 μ m.Here, in the glaze raw material powder, at least after the roasting as the crystalline particle residual component, pigment particles, silicon-dioxide (quartz) particle of zircon etc. arranged.The zircon particle that remains in the glaze surface after the roasting forms arborescent protuberance, and silicon dioxide granule forms recess.Under the maturing temperature (800～1300 ℃) of sanitary ware, the zircon particle is in the not solid glass ingredient that remains in the glaze moltenly, and silicon dioxide granule is from the surface of particle is fused to glass ingredient the glaze admittedly, but, if particle is when thick, then molten admittedly reaction can not fully be carried out, and remainingly gets off.Therefore, no matter which kind of particle, after with the raw material miniaturization, can be with the concavo-convex minimizing on surface.

And then, for silicon dioxide granule, during with its miniaturization, owing to can improve alkali resistance, so the increase of surfaceness in the time of also can avoiding using for a long time is so be preferred.

According to preferred version of the present invention, in the mode of above-mentioned (3), non-vitreous glaze raw material is when its 50% particle diameter is the situation of the not too miniaturization about 6 μ m, the content that mixes the glassiness glaze raw material in the glaze is preferably below the 50 weight %, more preferably below the 30 weight %.Like this, the gas that takes place when roasting does not just remain in the glaze layer, can prevent the generation of bad order.

In addition, the amorphousness glaze raw material of above-mentioned glassiness glaze raw material class preferably uses than the higher raw material of non-vitreous glaze material powder softening temperature.So, the gas that takes place when roasting does not just remain in the glaze layer, can prevent the generation of bad order.

Use method not have special restriction above-mentioned glaze raw material, can adopt spraying method, dip coating aptly, revolve the general method of using such as tumbling barrel process, rolling method at the pottery base substrate.

After the above-mentioned operation, then, roasting forms the pottery base substrate of surperficial glaze precursor layer.Whether in advance the temperature of roasting is to depend on pottery base substrate sintering or sintering can be not different.The pottery base substrate is in advance during sintering, sintering pottery base substrate, and, be preferably in the sintering temperature of glaze softening temperature more than 1000 ℃.The base substrate of moulding is when preburned situation, and being preferably in glaze can remollescent more than 300 ℃, preferably at the sintering temperature more than 400 ℃.From the manufacturing cost viewpoint of sanitary ware, as described above, the surperficial last time that preferably the glaze raw material is coated in the pottery base substrate is carried out the agglomerating method with finishing.On the other hand, in the latter's the method, for making the sanitary ware that finishes, and then, forming surperficial glaze layer, this is favourable paying on the new function.

For the sanitary ware that glaze layer is set between pottery base substrate and surperficial glaze layer again, its manufacture method, the operation of the precursor layer of glaze layer, other are same as described above in the middle of additional formation is present in.That is, form the precursor layer of glaze layer in the middle of being present in, for example, form the precursor layer of tint permanence glaze layer, and thereon, except the glaze raw material with above-mentioned (1)～(3) forms the precursor of surperficial glaze layer, can be with above-mentioned identical.At this moment, the thickness of surperficial glaze layer generally is 0.05～1.2mm, preferably 0.1～0.8mm, 0.15～0.4mm more preferably, in addition, the thickness of tint permanence glaze layer, generally be 0.05～1.8mm, preferably 0.1～1.2mm, more preferably 0.2～0.7mm.

According to preferred version of the present invention, when forming the tint permanence glaze layer between pottery base substrate and surperficial glaze layer, the D50 of glaze raw material that can form the tint permanence glaze layer is preferably more than the 4 μ m.By using such particle diameter tint permanence glaze raw material, and with the glaze material combination of above-mentioned (1)～(3), when roasting, the gas of generation does not just remain in the glaze layer, can prevent the generation of bad order.

And then, according to the preferred form of the 1st scheme of the present invention, when between pottery base substrate and surperficial glaze layer, forming the tint permanence glaze layer, preferably utilize the mixing glaze of (3).And then preferably its 50% particle diameter of non-vitreous glaze raw material is fine below 6 μ m, and is to lack pigment and/or emulsifying agent (that concrete is ZrO ₂) person, and then 50～99 weight % that use glassiness glaze raw material to account for to mix glaze, preferably account for 60～95 weight %'s.Non-vitreous glaze raw material most preferably: glassiness glaze raw material is 30: 70～10: 90.This moment, preferred sintering temperature was 800～1300 ℃.Therefore, when summing up preferred manufacture method, at first, on the pottery base substrate, use the tint permanence glaze raw material that has added pigment and emulsifying agent, and then, the transparent non-vitreous glaze raw material and the frit glaze raw material that do not contain pigment and emulsifying agent are coated with and apply with 50～99 weight % (preferably 60～90 weight %) blended mixing glaze, then, in the method for 800～1300 ℃ roasting temperatures.

Embodiment

Further specify the present invention by the following examples, but the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of these embodiment.

Embodiment A

The composition of glaze

In the following embodiment A and Comparative examples A, said glaze body material A is meant to have following composition.

(weight %)

SiO ₂ 55～80

AI ₂O ₃ 5～13

Fe ₂O ₃ 0.1～0.4

MgO 0.8～3.0

CaO 8～17

ZnO 3～8

K ₂O 1～4

Na ₂O 0.5～2.5

ZrO ₂ 0.1～1?5

Pigment 1～20

Test method

Evaluating and measuring test method in following examples and the comparative example is undertaken by following.

Test 1: with the contact angle of water

The contact angle of specimen surface and water is to use contact angle determination device (consonance interface science system, CA-X150) to measure.Concrete is with micro-syringe after specimen surface drips water droplet, and the measured value after 30 seconds is as contact angle.

Test 2: the easy removal of dirt

Has on the Φ 10mm specimen surface with the oiliness grisaille painting (greasepaint printing ink #700) of black all over being coated with under the room temperature dry about 1 minute in inside.Then, splash into the water of 3ml, observe whether greasepaint swims up and during the inclination sample greasepaint whether be rinsed out.

Test 3: the smeary in the water is the property removed easily

After salad oil 0.01g was dripped on the surface of sample, whole sample was immersed in the tank, measured the time that climbs up on top of the water attached to lip-deep salad oil.

Test 4: the adhering to of urinary calculi

Liquid collection section at east pottery machine system pedestal urinal (U307C) is provided with tabular test film, places 7 under the common working conditions.Then, use the adhesion amount of visual evaluation urinary calculi.

Test 5: the adhering to of soap dirt

Near the water port of the platform of washing one's face that has liquid soap, tabular test film is set, placed 7 under the common working conditions.Then, use the adhesion amount of visual evaluation urinary calculi.

Claims (1)

1, sanitary ware, it is the sanitary ware that forms surperficial glaze layer on the pottery base substrate, the center line average roughness Ra of the above-mentioned surperficial glaze layer that the contact pin type surface roughness measurement device of usefulness JIS-B0651 (1996) standard is measured is less than 0.07 μ m.

Images