CN1480265A - Non-fermentation treatment method of organic materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-fermentation treatment method for organic materials; the invention utilizes the high-temperature oxidation and strong acid environment produced by acid-base and acid-water reactions to rapidly mature and harmless the organic materials and meet the requirements of agricultural utilization. The organic materials are pretreated , mixed acidolysis, aging and drying, crushing and acidity adjustment, agricultural fertilizer processing and other processes, quickly meet the requirements of reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization, with low equipment investment, short processing cycle, less land occupation, and quick results It can be applied to the harmless treatment of organic materials such as livestock and poultry manure, domestic garbage, various animal and plant wastes, and sludge, and can be turned into organic fertilizers or further processed into organic-inorganic compound fertilizers.

Description

Non-fermentation treatment method of organic materials

                    

The invention relates to the field of organic material processing, in particular to a method for non-fermenting, fast and pollution-free processing of various organic materials.

Background technique

At present, various organic materials such as municipal solid waste, livestock and poultry manure from farms, sludge, animal and plant waste are increasing year by year, with large quantities, large volumes, heavy odors, and the spread of pests and diseases, resulting in increasingly serious environmental pollution. , these organic materials are not only a serious source of pollution, but also rich in organic fertilizer resources. Therefore, how to realize the reduction, harmlessness, and recycling of these organic materials has become the focus of many departments such as agriculture, environmental protection, and health. . In addition to landfill, incineration, composting and other treatment methods, there is also a method of drying and crushing to implement drying and weight reduction treatment, but the investment is large and it is difficult to promote. At present, most of them still use natural or inoculated microbial agents to carry out biological fermentation and composting. However, this method also has some disadvantages, such as slow start of fermentation, long cycle, usually more than 3 to 4 weeks, or even more than 2 months, and frequent stirring is required to fully ferment; nutrient loss is relatively large during fermentation, especially in open fermentation. For composting, nitrogen generally loses more than 20%; the deodorization effect is unstable; in recent years, the environmental pressure caused by these organic waste materials is increasing, and the country is paying more and more attention to this, and relevant laws have been issued to clearly stipulate Therefore, it is urgent to develop an easy-to-operate, low-cost, and fast method for the harmless treatment of organic materials.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a short process flow, fast processing speed, good bactericidal effect, thorough deodorization, less nutrient loss, fast material dehydration, low investment, low cost, and is convenient for livestock and poultry farms of various scales and sludge treatment. It is a method for treating and reusing organic materials applied in landfills and garbage disposal sites.

The invention utilizes the high-temperature oxidation and strong acid environment produced by the reaction of acid-base and acid-water to degrade organic materials preliminarily, emit a large amount of water, kill harmful microorganisms, and quickly meet the requirement of harmlessness. The specific treatment process is to first sort, crush, and adjust the water content of the organic materials after pretreatment (materials with fine and uniform texture such as livestock manure and sludge can not be pretreated), and then realize it through the following steps:

1. Material mixing and acid hydrolysis treatment:

The mixing ingredients are: one or two or two of pretreated organic materials with a water content of <80% and powdery alkaline carbonates and/or powdery basic oxides accounting for 3-6% of the weight of the materials. A mixture of more than one kind assembled in any proportion, and concentrated acid accounting for 6-8% of the weight of the material;

When mixing, the pretreated organic material and powdery alkaline carbonate and/or powdery alkaline oxide are sent to the mixer in sequence, after stirring and mixing, the acid is poured in, fully stirred, and the reaction produces The water vapor, CO ₂ , odor, etc. are discharged through the exhaust pipe, and after about 10 minutes from feeding to acidification degradation, open the outlet of the mixer and discharge;

2. Aging and drying treatment:

After the material out of the mixer is stacked and aged for 24 hours, the water content is further dried to 20-25%;

3. Crushing and acidity adjustment treatment:

The above-mentioned dried materials are pulverized by a pulverizer, and after sieving, the powdered calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or powdered alkaline carbonate or powdered alkaline oxide is added in an amount of 6-15% of the material weight, and put into a mixer Stir fully in the oven to make the acidity of the material pH 5.5-7.0;

4. Fertilizer processing:

The neutralized powdery mixed material is an organic fertilizer, or it can be used as a raw material to further mix with inorganic fertilizers to produce organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, or it can be made into organic bio-fertilizers by adding beneficial microbial strains.

The powdery basic carbonate described in the above method is limestone powder and dolomite powder, and the powdery basic oxide is calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, and their purity requirement is >70%, wherein limestone powder is the preferred material.

The acid described in the above method is sulfuric acid with a concentration > 80%.

The particle size of the powdery basic carbonate or powdery basic oxide described in the above method is required to be less than 0.177 mm.

The beneficial effect of the method of the present invention, the one, processing speed is fast, generally only needs 24 hours from feed acidification to aging; Limestone powder and other alkaline substances have a strong neutralization reaction, the temperature inside the mixer can reach about 100°C, and the moisture content of the material can be reduced to 40-50% after discharging and aging, and it can reach 20-25% after drying at normal temperature; The 3rd, nutrient loss is few, after the organic material such as general livestock and poultry excrement is fermented, nitrogen loss reaches more than 20%, with this method processing loss is very little, only 2～3%; Escherichia coli and roundworm eggs carried can be killed by strong acid and high temperature; fifth, the deodorization is more thorough, only water vapor and carbon dioxide are produced in the treatment of this method, and there is no waste residue and waste water discharge, while hydrogen sulfide, Odor substances such as methyl mercaptan are destroyed and removed, which can meet the requirements of harmlessness; in addition, due to the short process flow of this method, fast processing speed, small floor area and low equipment investment, it can process 10,000 tons of organic materials per year. The equipment investment is about 80,000 yuan, and the processing cost per ton of fresh livestock and poultry manure is only about 50 yuan. Therefore, this method can meet the requirements of reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process flow of organic material application of this method;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the material mixer.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1: The specific steps are operated according to the schematic flow chart in Figure 1:

1) Raw materials: 500 kg of fresh pig manure with a water content of <80%; 20 kg of limestone powder with a _CaCO3 content of >70% and a particle size of less than 0.177 mm; 35 kg of sulfuric acid with a concentration of >80%; _CaCO3 + _MgCO3 content >70%, 20 kg of dolomite powder whose particle size is less than 0.177 mm. The texture of pig manure is relatively uniform, and generally no pretreatment is required.

2) Material mixing acid hydrolysis treatment: firstly open the exhaust pipe 4, through the lifting device 6, first send pig manure and limestone powder into the feed port 1 of the stainless steel mixer, and fully stir it with the agitator 3 for 3 to 4 minutes Finally, pour sulfuric acid into the concentrated acid inlet 2, and continue to stir for 4 to 5 minutes. At this time, the moisture contained in the material in the mixer, limestone powder and sulfuric acid are in contact with each other, resulting in a strong acid-base neutralization reaction and acid-water reaction. A large amount of heat is generated, and the temperature inside the mixer can reach about 100°C. A large amount of water vapor and carbon dioxide are discharged through the exhaust pipe 4. During this process, E. coli and roundworm eggs in the pig manure are killed and vulcanized. Odor substances such as hydrogen and methyl mercaptan are destroyed and eliminated; there is neither waste residue nor waste water discharge during the reaction process, so it can meet the pollution-free requirements. For each batch of processing, the whole process only takes about 10 minutes from feeding to discharging port 5;

3) Aging and drying treatment: After the materials out of the mixer are stacked and aged for 24 hours, the moisture content has dropped to 40-50% at this time, and then they are further dried at regular temperature or exposed to the sun until the moisture content of the mixed material drops to 20-50%. 25%;

4) Grinding and acidity adjustment treatment: the above-mentioned materials after drying are pulverized through a pulverizer, sieved, and it is required that those with a particle diameter below 0.5mm account for more than 70% as a standard, put it into a mixer, and then add 20 kg of dolomite powder, After fully stirring and mixing, the acidity of the mixed material is gradually neutralized to pH 5.5-7.0;

5) Fertilizer processing: The neutralized powdery mixed material can be directly used as an organic fertilizer or as a raw material to be further processed into an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, or incorporated into beneficial microbial strains to make an organic bio-fertilizer wait. The above-mentioned process is designed to process more than 10,000 tons of fresh pig manure a year. The equipment investment is about 80,000 yuan, and the processing cost per ton is only about 50 yuan. Phosphorus 3.0%, total potassium 1.7%, no live Escherichia coli and roundworm eggs were detected in the treated products.

Example 2:

1) Household garbage must first undergo pretreatment such as sorting, crushing, and moisture adjustment to improve the effect of the next step of mixing treatment;

2) Raw material preparation: 500 kilograms of domestic garbage with a water content of <80%; 20 kilograms of dolomite powder with a CaCO ₃ + _MgCO content > 70% and a particle size of less than 0.177 mm; 35 kilograms of sulfuric acid with a concentration >80%; available phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) ≥ 12% powdered calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 30 kg.

3) Material mixing and acid hydrolysis treatment: firstly open the exhaust pipe 4, through the lifting device 6, first send domestic garbage and dolomite powder into the feed port 1 of the mixer, and fully stir it with the agitator 3, after 3 to 4 minutes Pour sulfuric acid into the concentrated acid inlet 2, continue to stir for 4 to 5 minutes and then discharge;

4) Aging and drying treatment: After the materials out of the mixer are piled up and aged for 24 hours, the moisture content has dropped to 40-50%, and further dried at room temperature or exposed to the sun until the moisture content of the mixed material drops to 20-25%. %;

5) Pulverization and acidity adjustment treatment: pulverize the dried above-mentioned materials through a pulverizer, sieve, and require that the particle diameter is less than 0.5mm and account for more than 70% as the standard, put them all into the mixer, and add powdered calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 30 After fully stirring and mixing, the acidity of the mixed material is gradually neutralized to pH 5.5-7.0;

6) Fertilizer processing: The neutralized powdery mixed material can be directly used as an organic fertilizer or as a raw material to be further processed into an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, or incorporated into beneficial microbial strains to make an organic bio-fertilizer wait.

Example 3:

1) Material preparation: 500 kg of sludge with a water content of <80%; 16 kg of a mixture of limestone powder (CaCO ₃ content > 70%) and calcium oxide with a particle size of less than 0.177 mm in a ratio of 1:1; 3 to 5 kg of phosphoric acid; 20 kg of dolomite powder with a CaCO ₃ +MgCO ₃ content > 70% and a particle size of less than 0.177 mm;

2) Material mixed acid hydrolysis treatment: open the exhaust pipe 4, and through the lifting device 6, firstly send the mixture of sludge, limestone powder and calcium oxide into the feed port 1 of the mixer, and fully stir it through the agitator 3, 3～ After 4 minutes, pour phosphoric acid in through the concentrated acid inlet 2, and continue to stir for 4 to 5 minutes before discharging;

3) Aging and drying treatment: After the materials out of the mixer are stacked and aged for 24 hours, the moisture content has dropped to 40-50% at this time; further drying at room temperature or sunlight until the moisture content of the mixed material drops to 20-25% %;

4) Grinding and acidity adjustment treatment: the above-mentioned materials after drying are pulverized through a pulverizer, sieved, and it is required that the particle diameter below 0.5 mm accounts for more than 70% as a standard, and all of them are put into the mixer, and 20 kg of dolomite powder is added, fully After stirring and mixing, the acidity of the mixed material is gradually neutralized to pH 5.5-7.0;

5) Fertilizer processing: The neutralized powdery mixed material can be directly used as an organic fertilizer or as a raw material to be further processed into a sludge compound fertilizer.

Claims (4)

1. A non-fermentation treatment method for organic materials, after organic materials are pretreated by sorting, crushing, etc., it is characterized in that it includes the following steps: 1) Material mixing and acid hydrolysis treatment: The mixing ingredients are: pretreated organic material with a water content of <80%; one or both of powdery alkaline carbonate and/or powdery alkaline oxide accounting for 3-6% of the weight of the organic material; A mixture of more than two kinds combined in any proportion; concentrated acid occupying 6-8% of the weight of the organic material; When mixing, the pretreated organic material and powdery alkaline carbonate and/or powdery alkaline oxide are sent to the mixer in sequence, after stirring and mixing, the acid is poured in, fully stirred, and the reaction produces The water vapor, CO ₂ , odor, etc. are discharged through the exhaust pipe. After about 10 minutes from feeding to acidification, open the outlet of the mixer and discharge the material; 2) aging and drying treatment: After the materials leaving the mixer are stacked and aged for 24 hours, the water content of the materials is further dried to 20-25%; 3) Crushing and acidity adjustment treatment: The above-mentioned dried materials are pulverized by a pulverizer, and after sieving, the powdered calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or powdered alkaline carbonate or powdered alkaline oxide is added in an amount of 6-15% of the material weight, and put into a mixer Thoroughly stir the mixture so that the acidity of the mixture is pH 5.5-7.0; 4) Fertilizer processing: The neutralized powdery mixed material is an organic fertilizer, or it can be used as a raw material to further mix with inorganic fertilizers to produce an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer or to add beneficial biological strains to make an organic biological fertilizer. 2. The non-fermentation treatment method for organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, the alkaline carbonates are limestone powder and dolomite powder, and the powdery alkaline oxides are calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. The purity requirement of >70%, among which limestone powder is the preferred material. 3. The non-fermentation treatment method for organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the acid is sulfuric acid with a concentration > 80%. 4. The non-fermentation treatment method for organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle diameter of the powdery basic carbonate or powdery basic oxide is required to be less than 0.177mm.

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