CN1477297A - Cooling air system of composite circulating power station and method for operating said power station - Google Patents
Cooling air system of composite circulating power station and method for operating said power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN1477297A CN1477297A CNA021301867A CN02130186A CN1477297A CN 1477297 A CN1477297 A CN 1477297A CN A021301867 A CNA021301867 A CN A021301867A CN 02130186 A CN02130186 A CN 02130186A CN 1477297 A CN1477297 A CN 1477297A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention provides a cooled cooling air (CCA) system which can be circularly used together with gas turbine. The CCA system includes a pipe shell and a pipe-type heat exchanger, in which the interior of said pipe is equipped with water flow, and the side of pipe shell is equipped with air flow. The water discharged from heat exchanger is partially evaporated, so that the produced water and vapor both phases are flowed into separator to make water and vapor obtain separation, the saturated vapor can be flowed into HRSG, and the separated water can be circulated into heat exchanger.
Description
Background of invention
The present invention relates to cooling air (CCA) system that a kind of employing is cooled off, the hot compressed air that is discharged from order to cooling, thereby cooling turbine or compressor part.
In modern high-efficiency gas turbine work cycle,, hot compressed air is drawn for cooling press mechanism of qi and turbine part.To the concern of CCA system now, the difficulty and the high cost thereof of its control have made it obviously need a kind of improved CCA system design.
A kind of combined cycle system of the simple expression of Fig. 1 has and is subjected to air cooled cooling air system (to call the CCA system in the following text), the hot compressed air that is discharged from order to cooling, thereby cooling turbine and compressor part.Shown in the power station in, be provided with a gas turbine engine systems 10 and the steam turbine system with 34 simple expressions.Gas turbine engine systems comprises a gas compressor 14, one combustion systems 18 and a gas turbine expander 24.More particularly, surrounding atmosphere 12 is carried out axial-flow compressor 14, and consequent pressurized air 16 enters combustion system 18, and fuel 20 is sprayed into combustion system, and produces burning.Ignition mixture 22 leaves combustion system 18, and enters turbine 24.In the turbine district, the energy of hot gas changes merit into.This transformation divides two stages to carry out, hot gas expander, and a part of heat energy changes kinetic energy in turbine nozzle district.Then, in the turbine blade district, a part of kinetic energy is passed to rotation blade and is converted to merit, for example the rotation of axle 26.So a part of merit that is produced by turbine is used for drive pressure mechanism of qi 14, and remaining merit can be used for for example generator or mechanical load 28.Hot waste gas 30 leaves turbine and flow to a recuperating device.The form of this recuperating device can be taked any in the various known heat-exchange systems, for example comprises a kind of or is common multiple pressure power heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) 32.
Shown in structure in, gas turbine 10 and steam turbine system 34 each self-driven one corresponding generator (or its load) 28,36.Steam turbine system 34 links with multiple pressure power HRSG32 in the ordinary way.Like this, steam 38 flow to steam turbine system 34 or flows out therefrom, is discharged to a condenser 40, and condensed fluid is passed to HRSG32 from condenser 40 through conduit 42 in that the help of condensate pump 44 is next.This condensed fluid flows through the various piece of HRSG32.In this example, only express low pressure evaporator 46, middle pressure vaporizer 48 and high pressure evaporator 50, fully clear, in a HRSG, be typically provided with various vapor economizers, superheater and some conduits and the valve that link are owing to discussed in this article no directly related, just be omitted.
As mentioned above, by the waste gas 30 of gas turbine heat is supplied with HRSG32, this waste gas is introduced into HRSG32, and discharges from HRSG at 52 places, passes to the flue (not shown).Further discussion to conventional system generally is limited to those parts that constitute relevant CCA system 54 parts.
Shown in CCA system 54 in, hot compressed air for example is being discharged under 850 ° to 900 °F, shown in simple, and in steam-boiler regenerated heat hydrophone (kettle reboiler) type shell and tubular heat exchanger 58, be cooled to roughly 500 ° to 550 °F by conduit 56.This steam-boiler regenerated heat hydrophone 58 has U-shaped tube bundle 60, is expressed as a pipe briefly.The hot air that flows in these pipes makes boiling in the groove 62, and the saturated vapour 64 that produces enters into the steamdrum of pressure (IP) vaporizer 48 of heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) 32.The discharge water 66 of IP vapor economizer enters in the shell of regenerated heat hydrophone 58, as replenishing the steam that produced.The cooled air 68 that leaves CCA heat exchanger 58 is used to cooling press mechanism of qi and/or turbine part, as by conduit 70 and 72 simple shown in.Also be provided with a bypass 74 in air side, leave the air temperature of CCA system 54 with control.Because consider for the power cycle thermal efficiency, must be that low system air side pressure is fallen with the CCA system design, therefore, adopt two logical U-shaped tube bundles usually.
The present invention's general introduction
About above-mentioned CCA system, there are several potential aspects to improve.
The structural design of above-mentioned two siphunculus side cause half tube wall to be exposed to the hot air of coming in, and second half is exposed to the cooled air that leaves the heat exchanger air side.This causes high thermal stress on tube wall.Though single-pass steam-boiler formula regenerated heat hydrophone can overcome this problem, yet the single-pass structure needs a kind of reliable shell expansion pipe or a kind of slip tube wall.
In the shell side, need accurate water surface control, be converted to prevent water too much in the saturated vapour, and avoid some pipes not to be submerged in the tank and make water that is afraid of to be exposed to these tube air heaters of short durationly.Therefore, utilize the pressure difference in the drum that records to calculate the drum horizontal plane usually.Yet, in the boiling tank, there is steam bubble to exist, calculate for accurate density and horizontal plane, need partly calculate accurately steam bubble.In this application, particularly under transient state, the calculating of steam bubble is difficult.
In addition, as mentioned above, air side must be designed to low pressure loss.Therefore, the air velocity in these pipes is low, causes the low coefficient of overall heat transmission of air side.By adopting the surface (as radiating fin) of extending, can advantageously reduce the size of heat exchanger in the low heat transfer side.Can adopt the surface of extension on tube outer surface, be economical.
The invention provides a kind of CCA system, for using with the modern gas turbines circulation, it has overcome above-mentioned poor reliability, control difficulty and the expensive problem of price.
More particularly, in one embodiment of the invention, this CCA system comprises a shell and a tubular heat exchanger, wherein, produces current in these pipes, and produces air stream in the shell side of heat exchanger.In this system, the water of discharging from heat exchanger is partly evaporated.Therefore, by another characteristics of the present invention, the two-phase water/vapor stream that is produced enters one separator/spontaneous evaporation drum (Hash drum), there, and steam and water separation.The saturated vapour that leaves separator flows to this HRSG, and isolated water enters into heat exchanger usually after being pumped to high pressure with circulating water pump.
Because air stream produces in these pipe outsides, therefore can be provided with the pipe of radiating fin, to reduce total heat exchanger size.
Like this, the present invention obtains implementing in a composite circulating power station, this power station comprises a combustion turbine system, has one in order to produce compressed-air actuated gas compressor, one expands to produce mechanical energy and the gas turbine of waste gas combustion gas in order to combustion fuel in pressurized air with the burner that produces combustion gas and one; A steam generator has in order to receive the inlet of waste gas, be in successively in the waste gas runner, in order to the heat of taking away waste gas to produce a plurality of districts of one vapor stream at least; One in order to receive the steam turbine system of one vapor stream at least; With a cooling air runner, in order to from least one in gas compressor and the gas turbine of gas compressor guiding pressurized air part, to cool off its part, wherein the cooling air runner comprises a heat-exchange system, in order to receive the pressurized air part, and take away heat from it and flow with fluid stream and a pressurized air that is cooled that produces a heating, wherein this heat-exchange system comprises a chamber, this chamber has a compressed air inlet and a compressed air outlet, and at least one pipe, supply water and flow, so that carry out heat exchange with the hot compressed air that is provided in this chamber.
The present invention also obtains implementing in the method for operation composite circulating power station, this power station has a combustion turbine system, one heat recovery steam generator and a steam turbine system, this method comprises the steps: to provide a heat-exchange system, this system comprises a chamber, and this chamber has a compressed air inlet and a compressed air outlet, and at least one pipe, supply water and flow, so that carry out heat exchange with the hot compressed air that is provided in this chamber; Operation combustion turbine system, combustion fuel is to produce hot compressed air, mechanical energy and exhaust flow; Guide a part of hot compressed air, make it flow through this heat-exchange system, to produce one pressurized air that is cooled stream and one heated fluid stream; The pressurized air stream that guiding is cooled is to cool off a part of combustion turbine system.
Brief description
Together with accompanying drawing, below carefulness research after the detailed description of preferred illustrative enforcement of the present invention, can more completely understand and know from experience these and other purpose and advantage of the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 comprises simple with the composite circulating power station of the cooling air system of commonsense method cooling;
Fig. 2 is composite circulating power station simple that comprises the cooling air system of usefulness the inventive method cooling.
The present invention describes in detail
The detailed discussion major limitation of system of the present invention is in those parts that are provided with or add as system embodiment of the present invention.Label shown in Fig. 2, with the corresponding part of Fig. 1 roughly accordingly hereinafter will be not with to discuss, their are put on label becomes a kind of with reference to block diagram.Roughly corresponding to shown in Fig. 1 but be marked with identical with those parts among Fig. 1 but 100 label in addition by improved those parts of the embodiment of the invention.
CCA of the present invention system 154 comprises a shell 158 and tubular heat exchanger 160, is applicable to the air stream on in-pipe flow and the shell wall.Air stream is discharged from gas compressor, flow to one or several air inlet 176 on the shell 158 through conduit 156.Hot compressed air flows between heat exchanging tube 160 and on every side, and the cooling air that is produced flows out through one or more outlets 178.Cooling air flows out as cooling air through conduit 168, with the 170 and 172 simply expressions of circulating.One bypass 174 is set, to control this cooling air temperature between conduit 156 and 168.
In described embodiment, water enters this heat exchanger at 200 place's bands any cold excessively (promptly being lower than saturation temperature), and at heat exchanger vaporized in part (10-20% mass fraction).Two-phase water/the vapor stream 202 that is produced enters one separator/spontaneous evaporation drum 204 then, and steam separates there with water.The saturated vapour 164 that leaves separator enters the IP vaporizer in the HRSG 32.The discharge water 166 of IP vapor economizer enters this separator, and as the compensation to generation steam, these current for example are subjected to valve 206 controls, to keep the constant water plane (in range of tolerable variance) in the separator 204.
One or several recirculation water pump 208 pumps of separator water 162 usefulness are to high pressure, and enter heat exchanger 158 at 200 places.This pump pumps pressure and selects to such an extent that be enough to overcome the pressure drop of this circulation.
The outer air stream of pipe allows to adopt flange-cooled pipe (not expression in detail), to reduce the overall dimension of heat exchanger.Unnecessary pump, routine pump 208 is used for improving the reliability of system.Though what represent in Fig. 2 is a vertical separation device 204, yet, with regard to this application, also can adopt horizontal separator, its advantage is that horizontal separator can be stacked on this heat exchanger top.
In one exemplary embodiment, the water flow in the recirculation water loop all keeps constant in the whole operating range of gas turbine when comprising sub load.Select water flow (constant), make in the whole operating range of gas turbine, will manage the maximum evaporated quantity of water of side and be limited in about 10-20% (being that recycle ratio is between 5: 1 to 10: 1).The setting maximum evaporation rate is the stability in order to ensure two-phase flow in this system.
This system design that this paper proposed and control are as follows with respect to the main feature/advantage of existing system:
On tube wall, provide water to eliminate temperature gradient in the wall layers that runs into when air flows in the steam-boiler regeneration water heaters design in pipe.Temperature increment in the wall layers is less than 10 °F, and the big temperature of heat exchanger air stream side is fallen along whole wall layers distribution.Like this, can expect that the stress in wall layers can significantly reduce, the life-span of these parts and reliability are increased.
Shown in the system horizontal plane control separator 204 in, realize, not boiling there, therefore, the density of energy accurate Calculation water, and the sort of uncertainty of the vapor portion that suffers in the tank that do not seethe with excitement.This just allows to carry out accurate horizontal plane according to the pressure difference that records and calculates and control.Though accurate controlling level face, should be noted that in the system design that is proposed horizontal plane control is not very important, because heat exchanger tube and being unlike in the common steam-boiler regenerated heat hydrophone soaks in water like that.
As implied above, controlling method disclosed herein for all running operating modes of gas turbine, keeps constant water flow, thereby has simplified the control of this system greatly in the recirculation water loop.
Air stream on shell wall allows to adopt the pipe with extensional surface, promptly has the pipe of radiating fin, thereby has dwindled the cost of the size and the system of heat exchanger.
Though relate to about the above-mentioned explanation of this system and to utilize the CCA system to produce IP steam 164, yet this system also can be used to produce HP or LP steam.The force value of the steam of being produced requires (CCA heat exchanger advance/go out temperature) to determine by the air temperature to purposes separately.
Should be appreciated that shown device only is an example can using the power station of CCA system.Therefore, this combined cycle system can be the hot again hybrid system of multiple pressure power and/or can with gas turbine, steam turbine and generator on the axle rather than shown in many axle construction on arranged in series become single generator.
Though, together with thinking that at present the most practical and most preferred embodiment has illustrated the present invention, yet should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and opposite, the present invention will be contained various modifications and the equivalent structure in the spirit and scope that are included in appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. composite circulating power station comprises:
A combustion turbine system 10, it has one in order to produce the gas compressor 14 of pressurized air 16, one in order to combustion fuel 20 in described pressurized air producing the burner 18 of combustion gas 22, and one expand to produce mechanical energy and the gas turbine 24 of waste gas 30 described combustion gas;
Steam generator with an import and a plurality of parts, this import is in order to receive described waste gas 30, and these a plurality of part arranged in order are in described waste gas runner, in order to take away heat from described waste gas, to produce one vapor stream 38 at least;
A steam turbine system 34 is in order to receive described one vapor stream at least;
, a cooling air runner goes pressurized air part 156, with a cooling part wherein in described compressor 14 causes in described gas compressor 14 and the gas turbine 24 at least one;
Wherein, described cooling air runner comprises a heat-exchange system 154, in order to receive described pressurized air part, and from wherein taking away heat, with the flow stream 202 and one pressurized air that the is cooled stream 168 that produce one heating, wherein said heat-exchange system comprises a chamber 158, it has a compressed air inlet 176 and a compressed air inlet 178, and have at least one pipe 160, supply water and flow, so that carry out heat exchange with the hot compressed air that is provided in the described chamber.
2. the composite circulating power station of claim 1 is characterized in that described a plurality of part comprises a first portion 50 and a second portion 48, and described first portion produces vapor stream with the pressure that is higher than described second portion.
3. the composite circulating power station of claim 2 is characterized in that also comprising one first conduit 164, uses at least a portion for the receptive fluid flow 202 that is produced by described heat-exchange system to flow to described second portion 48.
4. the composite circulating power station of claim 3 is characterized in that also comprising one second conduit 166, is transported to described heat-exchange system 154 in order to will supply with water from described second portion 48.
5. the composite circulating power station of claim 1 is characterized in that described at least one pipe 160 is shaped on radiating fin, to strengthen heat exchange.
6. composite circulating power station comprises:
A combustion turbine 10 can work combustion fuel 20, to produce mechanical energy 28 and hot waste gas 30;
A heat recovery steam generator 32, it has a plurality of parts 50,48, and can work receives described hot waste gas, and produces steam 38 with a plurality of pressure;
A steam turbine 34, can work receives described steam 38, and produces mechanical energy 36;
A cooling air runner causes described combustion turbine 10 with pressurized air part 156 from gas compressor 14, to cool off its part;
Wherein, described cooling air runner comprises a heat-exchange system 154, in order to receive described pressurized air part 156, and take away heat from it, to produce one receptive fluid flow 202 and one cooled compressed air stream 168, wherein, described heat-exchange system comprises a chamber 158 with a compressed air inlet 176 and a compressed air outlet 178, and comprise the pipe 160 that at least one flows for fluid, so that carry out heat exchange with the hot compressed air that is provided in the described chamber.
One kind the operation one composite circulating power station method, this power station has a combustion turbine system 10, one heat recovery steam generators 32 and a steam turbine system 34, this method comprises the steps:
Provide one to comprise a chamber 158 heat-exchange systems 154, this chamber has that a compressed air inlet 176 and a compressed air outlet 178 and at least one flow for fluid so that the pipe 160 that carries out heat exchange with the hot compressed air that is provided in the described chamber;
Operate described combustion turbine system 10, with fuel 20 burnings, to produce hot compressed air 156,16, mechanical energy 28 and one exhaust flow 30;
Guide the part 156 of the described hot compressed air described heat-exchange system 154 of flowing through, to produce one cooled compressed air stream 168 and one receptive fluid flow 202;
Guide described cooled compressed air stream 168, to cool off the part of described combustion turbine system 10.
8. the method for claim 7 is characterized in that also comprising the steps:
Provide supply water 166 from described heat recovery steam generator 32 to described heat-exchange system.
9. the method for claim 8 is characterized in that described heat recovery steam generator 32 has a high-pressure section 50, one intermediate pressure sections 48 and a low-pressure section 46, and the described step of supply water that provides comprises from described intermediate pressure section 48 supply water is provided.
10. the method for claim 9 is characterized in that also comprising the step that described first vapor stream 164 is caused the intermediate pressure section 48 of described heat recovery steam generator 32.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA021301867A CN1477297A (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2002-08-23 | Cooling air system of composite circulating power station and method for operating said power station |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA021301867A CN1477297A (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2002-08-23 | Cooling air system of composite circulating power station and method for operating said power station |
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| CN1477297A true CN1477297A (en) | 2004-02-25 |
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| CNA021301867A Pending CN1477297A (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2002-08-23 | Cooling air system of composite circulating power station and method for operating said power station |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102330601A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2012-01-25 | 通用电气公司 | Gas turbine engine system and operation method for exhaust gas use in gas turbine engines |
| CN102619623A (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-08-01 | 通用电气公司 | Fuel reformer system for a turbomachine system |
-
2002
- 2002-08-23 CN CNA021301867A patent/CN1477297A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102330601A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2012-01-25 | 通用电气公司 | Gas turbine engine system and operation method for exhaust gas use in gas turbine engines |
| US9003761B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2015-04-14 | General Electric Company | System and method for exhaust gas use in gas turbine engines |
| CN102330601B (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2016-08-03 | 通用电气公司 | The system and method that aerofluxus in gas-turbine unit uses |
| CN102619623A (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-08-01 | 通用电气公司 | Fuel reformer system for a turbomachine system |
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