CN1325752C - Draw works - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a draw works for lowering and hoisting a load, especially a drilling device or a drilling closing device. Said draw works is especially suitable for using on floating drilling rigs and comprises at least one braking mechanism for braking and holding the load. According to the invention, an emergency braking device is provided for producing an additional braking force.

Description

lifting device

technical field

The invention relates to a lifting device for lowering and lifting a load comprising at least one braking device for braking and securing the load and an emergency braking device for generating an additional braking force , wherein the emergency braking device includes an additional braking device, which can be selectively connected to the braking device.

Background technique

Such lifting devices are used, for example, for lowering and lifting a load, in particular drilling equipment or well sealing equipment, from a floating platform on the seabed or in a well. It has a rotatably mounted winch, to which a flexible traction means, usually in the form of a cable, is fastened, which can be wound or unwound by rotating the drive winch.

At least one rotary drive is provided for the rotary drive of the winch. The latter usually includes an electric motor. However, a hydraulically or pneumatically operating drive can also be used instead of the DC motor.

In order to brake the winch during lowering of the load and to secure the load to the foundation, such lifting devices have a braking device which includes a mechanically acting braking device. In order to reduce the load on the mechanically acting braking device, other non-mechanically acting braking devices, such as eddy current braking devices, can also be provided.

The actual construction of the lifting device is adapted to the maximum expected lifting power dictated by its intended use. The latter is defined by the first cable wrapping on the sheave. For other winding layers, ie when the cable continues to be wound on the sheave, the maximum lifting power is reduced due to the greater leverage of the loads associated with this on the sheave.

For safety reasons, the wire rope is dimensioned such that its breaking load is at least twice the lifting load of the hoisting device. The superstructure through which the cable is diverted, such as a drilling rig, is designed for 1.8 times the lifting load. In order to avoid that forces greater than the breaking load of these members may be exerted on the superstructure or cables by manipulating the braking means, the braking means are designed such that the maximum load to be secured is equal to 1.5 to 1.6 times the lifting load.

There have been many accidents in the past, when the unwinding process could not be stopped or stopped in time by means of braking facilities. One possible reason for a series of such accidents may be that loads close to the maximum hoisting load are fixed above the foundation when there are multiple layers of wire rope wraps on the sheaves, thus eventually overloading the braking facility.

Known a kind of hoisting device by GB 842 435 A, it also comprises an emergency braking device for generating additional braking force except braking device. The braking device and the emergency braking device are designed such that they each achieve at least one hundred percent of the maximum required braking force.

Contents of the invention

It is therefore the object of the invention to increase the operational reliability of such lifting devices.

This object is achieved by proposing a lifting device for lowering and lifting a load comprising at least one braking device for braking and securing the load and an emergency braking device for generating a Additional braking force, wherein the emergency braking device includes an additional braking device, which can be selectively connected to the braking device, characterized in that an adjustment device is provided, which compares the respective braking power rating with a The parameter used to indicate the characteristics of the actual value of the braking power achieved by the main braking device is compared, and in the case of the difference between the rated braking value and the actual braking value > 0, the emergency braking device (50) is activated, so that This difference is approximately equal to 0, where the maximum total braking power is ≤ 130% of the rated braking power.

By arranging according to the invention an emergency braking device which generates an additional braking force, the braking device used hitherto, which provides protection against overloading of other components and which guarantees trouble-free operation in most cases of use, can continue to be used as explained above. . The additional emergency braking device now provides the possibility to apply an additional braking force if necessary, ie if the momentary braking power is insufficient. Since emergency braking devices are devices that are additionally provided in addition to the braking device and are not twice as large in size, the emergency braking device is only activated when it is really needed. The winch can thus be braked even in the event of a complete failure of the braking device.

The braking device and the emergency braking device are designed such that at least one hundred percent of the maximum required braking power can be achieved with them. The emergency braking device can completely replace the braking device, so the lifting device can still operate in an emergency even when the braking device fails completely.

According to the invention, a regulating device is provided, which compares the respective braking power setpoint with a parameter which is used to characterize the actual value of the braking power achieved by the main braking device, and in the difference braking setpoint-braking actual In the case of a value > 0, the emergency braking device is activated such that the difference is approximately equal to 0, where the maximum total braking power is ≤ 130% of the rated braking power. If the braking power achieved by the main braking device falls below a target value, then in this particularly preferred embodiment, the emergency braking device is activated via the adjusting device in order to generate the additional required braking power. By limiting the total braking power to 130% of the maximum rated value, it is avoided that the forces exerted on the components of the lifting device or on other components due to the introduction of braking power exceed the ultimate load of these components, thereby avoiding the Risk of damage due to excessive braking power.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the lifting device according to the invention, the braking device has at least one brake shoe acting on the rotating part and a device for supplying a braking force to said at least one brake shoe, wherein the emergency braking device thus Design, that is, provide an additional device for selectively applying an additional braking force to the rotating part. If the braking power achievable by the braking device is no longer sufficient during normal operation, additional braking power can be actively generated by actuating the auxiliary device.

The means for supplying braking force to said at least one brake pad preferably comprises a spring means for supplying braking force to said at least one brake pad. In order to control the braking force applied to the brake pads, the device preferably has a means for controlling the braking force exerted on the brake pads, acting in opposition to the spring means. These measures are taken to ensure that the brake pads are pressurized with maximum force in the event of failure of the hydraulic device, thereby producing maximum braking power.

The attachment device is preferably designed such that it includes a device for deflecting the abutment which is subjected to the reaction force of the spring device. As a result, the pretension of the spring device is increased when the auxiliary device is actuated, resulting in an increase in the braking force acting on the at least one brake pad and thus in an increased braking power.

The attachment device is preferably designed as a hydraulically actuatable device.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the lifting device according to the invention, the emergency braking device comprises an additional braking device which can be selectively connected to the braking device.

The construction of the emergency braking device can at least substantially correspond to that of the service braking device.

If the lifting device comprises at least one transmission gearbox which is connected on the input side to the drive motor and on the output side to co-operate with the general transmission, it is possible to arrange the emergency braking device on the input and/or output side of the transmission gearbox.

According to another embodiment of the lifting device according to the invention, the emergency braking device consists of a reduction device for lowering, fixing or lifting of the load to be controlled or adjusted, and the lowering device has a maximum lifting power suitable for braking and fixing the lifting device power.

The reduction gear preferably includes an electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically driven motor, which is also used to apply emergency braking power. If the reduction gear further includes a transmission gearbox to which the motor is connected, the motor can be clutchably connected to the transmission gearbox through an additional transmission shaft. However, it is equally possible to connect the motor to the input shaft of the transmission gearbox of the main drive motor of the lifting device.

Description of drawings

The drawings show embodiments of the invention. Which means:

1 is a top view of a first embodiment of a lifting device according to the invention;

Fig. 2 hydraulic system diagram shows a possible hydraulic design and control according to the embodiment of Fig. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 according to another embodiment of the lifting device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 hydraulic system diagram, represents a kind of possible design and control by the embodiment of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is according to another embodiment of lifting device of the present invention according to Fig. 1 and 3 left side end region partial side views; And

FIG. 6 is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 of another embodiment of the lifting device according to the invention.

Detailed ways

The lifting device indicated generally at 100 in Figure 1 comprises a frame 1 on which the components of the lifting device are mounted. For lifting and lowering and securing a load, in particular a drilling rig or the like, the hoisting device 100 comprises a winch 2 mounted rotationally fixed on a winch shaft 3, the axis S of which extends parallel to the longitudinal side 4 of the frame 1 . The winch shaft is supported in bearing blocks 5 , 6 which are arranged on each side of the two end sides 7 , 8 of the winch 2 .

On the section of the winch 2 on the right in FIG. 1 , the winch shaft 3 is mounted rotationally fixedly with a brake disc 9 , which is part of a brake system generally designated 10 , which is also offset by 180° in the direction of rotation of the axis S. It consists of two brake caliper arrangements 11 , 12 , so-called "Kalipers". A further brake caliper arrangement is hidden by the winch shaft 3 and therefore cannot be seen in FIG. 1 . By means of the braking device 10, the rotation speed of the winch 2 can be slowed down or completely locked during the unwinding of the flexible traction means, not shown in the figure.

In order to support the brake device 10 during braking during the unwinding process, an eddy current brake 13 connected to the winch shaft 3 is provided on the side of the brake device 10 viewed from the winch 2 .

On the left side of the winch 2 according to FIG. 1 there is provided a drive unit 14 of the lifting device 100 for driving the winch 2 . In the exemplary embodiment shown here, it comprises three electrically operated drive motors 15 , 16 , 17 , the two motors shown at the top being coupled to one another via a transmission 18 .

On the one hand the drive motors 15, 16 and on the other hand the drive motor 17 are operatively connected on the output side to the transmission gearboxes 19, 20, which are connected on the output side to the overall transmission 21, which will be provided by the drive motors 15, 16, 17. The drive torque is transmitted to the winch shaft 3 .

In the lifting device 100 , the brake caliper arrangements 11 , 12 are designed as can be seen from schematic diagram 2 . They each comprise a spring device 22 , 23 against which the brake caliper, not shown in this figure, is pressed against the brake disc 9 . In order to reduce the braking force exerted on the brake caliper in this way until the detent is completely disengaged, hydraulically acting devices 24 , 25 are provided which are designed such that pressurization causes the respective associated spring device 22 , 23 to compress.

In addition, each spring device includes a further hydraulically actuatable device 26, 27, by means of which the spring preload can be increased, thus resulting in an increased braking force when actuated, with which the respective brake caliper is pressed against the brake caliper. on the disc and thus lead to increased braking power. For this purpose, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , the abutments 28 , 29 , which absorb the reaction force of the respective spring device 22 , 23 , are offset in the direction of the brake disk 9 .

The operation of the emergency braking device composed of the above measures is carried out through a manually operable emergency switch 30, and the electromagnetically operated hydraulic valves 31 and 32 are controlled by the emergency switch 30. When operating, they transfer the hydraulic oil from the pressure oil tank 33 through the The conduit 34 leads into the devices 26 , 27 .

The embodiment of the brake caliper arrangement explained with reference to FIG. 2 can be realized in one brake caliper arrangement or in several brake caliper arrangements of a brake device.

FIG. 3 shows another exemplary embodiment of a lifting device according to the invention, which is generally designated 200 and whose construction and mode of operation largely correspond to the lifting device 100 according to FIG. 1 . Those components of the lifting device 200 that correspond to those of the lifting device 100 are therefore given a designation increased by 100. In order to avoid repetition, relevant aspects can be found in the description below. Only the difference between the lifting device 200 and the lifting device 100 needs to be explained below.

In the lifting device 200 , the shafts of the drive motors 116 , 117 are connected to disc brakes 35 , 36 , by means of which the respective assigned shaft can be braked. The disc brake devices 35, 36 together form an emergency brake device which generates an additional braking force.

The manipulation of the disc brakes 35, 36 is carried out by a manually operable emergency switch 130 in a manner visible in Fig. 4, and an electromagnetically operated hydraulic valve 131 is controlled by the emergency switch 130. The tongs 37, 38 drain through line 134 into the tank. The brake caliper arrangements 37 , 38 of the disc brake are spring-elastically closed in a manner corresponding to the brake calipers 111 , 112 .

According to another exemplary embodiment partially shown in FIG. 2, the hoisting device is provided with a reduction device 40, which is used for slowly lowering a load, such as a drilling rig with a propulsion speed, by means of the hoisting device. For this purpose, at least one of the transmission gearboxes 19, 20, 119, 120 (only the transmission gearbox 20 is referred to below by way of example) is provided with an additional input shaft 41, which can engage with a transmission main shaft not shown in the figures. An additional drive motor 42 acts on the input shaft 41 via a bevel gear 43 . The entire reduction gear 40 is dimensioned such that the maximum permissible lifting load of the lifting device can be applied with it. It can therefore be used as an emergency braking device when the braking power of the hoisting device braking device is reduced and there is a risk of uncontrolled sinking of the load. For this purpose, the drive motor 42 is designed as an AC motor, which is operated via a frequency converter. In order to further improve reliability, two electric motors may be used instead of one drive motor 42 .

The embodiment of the lifting device partially shown in FIG. 6 corresponds in its function to the embodiment according to FIG. 5 . But the deceleration unit represented by 140 as a whole here is not constituted by the parts connected with the transmission gearbox 20 , but the drive motor 142 is connected with the shaft of the drive motor 17 facing the transmission gearbox 20 side through the clutch 144 . The drive motor 142 can still be replaced by multiple motors.

List of Reference Signs

1,101 frame 28 supports

2,102 winch wheel 29 supports

3, 103 winch shaft 30 emergency switch

4, 104 longitudinal side 31 valves

5, 105 bearing seat 32 valve

6, 106 bearing seat 33 pressure oil tank

7, 107 end side 34 pipes

8, 108 end side 35 disc brake device

9, 109 brake disc 36 disc brake device

10, 110 brake device 37 brake caliper device

11,111 brake caliper device 38 brake caliper device

12, 112 brake caliper device 40 reduction device

13,113 eddy current brake 41 input shaft

14, 114 drive components 42 drive motors

15, 115 drive motor 43 bevel gear transmission

16, 116 drive motor 50 emergency braking device

17, 117 drive motor 100 lifting device

18, 118 transmission device S axis

19, 119 variable speed gearbox 200 lifting device

20, 120 speed change gearbox 140 reduction device

21, 121 total transmission device 142 drive motor

22 spring device 144 clutch

23 spring device

24 device

25 device

26 device

27 device

Claims (14)

1. lifting appliance, be used to transfer and promote a load, this lifting appliance comprises that at least one is used to brake the check mechanism with permanent load, also comprise an emergency braking apparatus (50), be used to produce an additional brake force, wherein emergency braking apparatus (50) comprises an additional check mechanism, it can be by selecting and check mechanism (10,110) connect, it is characterized by: be provided with an adjusting device, it will be separately the braking power rated value and one be used to show by main brake device (10, the parameter of the braking power actual value feature that 110) reaches compares, under the situation of difference＞0 of braking rated value-braking actual value, starting emergency braking apparatus (50), make this difference equal 0 substantially, 130% of maximum total braking power≤braking power rated value here.

2. according to the described lifting appliance of claim 1, it is characterized by: check mechanism (10,110) has at least one and acts on a brake block and the device (24,25,26,27) of supplying with a brake force for described at least one brake block on the revolving part, wherein, emergency braking apparatus (50) constitutes like this, promptly, an attachment device is set, is used for by selecting that an additional brake power is applied to revolving part.

3. according to the described lifting appliance of claim 2, it is characterized by: the device (24,25,26,27) of supplying with a brake force for described at least one brake block comprises a spring assembly to described at least one brake block the supply system power (22,23).

4. according to the described lifting appliance of claim 3, it is characterized by: described device (24,25,26,27) comprises a device with spring assembly (22,23) acting in opposition, is used to be controlled at the brake force that applies on the brake block.

5. according to the described lifting appliance of claim 4, it is characterized by: described attachment device comprises a device that is used to make the bearing skew of bearing spring assembly (22,23) reaction force.

6. according to the described lifting appliance of claim 5, it is characterized by: described attachment device is a hydraulic control unit.

7. according to the described lifting appliance of one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized by: check mechanism and emergency braking apparatus (10,110; 50) be designed to, can reach one of percentage at least hundred of the braking power of maximum demand respectively.

8. according to the described lifting appliance of claim 7, it is characterized by: the structure of emergency braking apparatus (50) is consistent with the structure of main brake device (10,110).

9. according to the described lifting appliance of one of claim 1 to 6, comprise that at least one is connected with a drive motors and at outlet side and the cooperative change gear box of a total transmission device (21,121) (19,119 at input side; 20,120), it is characterized by: emergency braking apparatus (50) is arranged in the input side and/or the outlet side of change gear box and/or total transmission device.

10. according to the described lifting appliance of one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized by: emergency braking apparatus (50) by one be used to control or adjust the transferring of load, deceleration device (40) fixing or that promote constitutes, it is designed to be applicable to the braking and the fixing maximum lift power of lifting appliance.

11., it is characterized by according to the described lifting appliance of claim 10: deceleration device (40,130) comprise one electronic, surge or the motor (42,142) of pneumatic actuation.

12. according to the described lifting appliance of claim 11, it is characterized by: deceleration device (40,130) comprises a change gear box (19,119; 20,120), described motor (42,142) is attached thereto.

13., it is characterized by according to the described lifting appliance of claim 12: described motor (42,142) but by an additional power transmission shaft clutch be connected change gear box (19,119; 20,120).

14., it is characterized by according to the described lifting appliance of claim 13: described motor (42,142) but clutch be connected the change gear box (19,119 of the main drive motor of lifting appliance; 20, on the power shaft 120) (41).

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