CN1315752C - High-strength water-permeable concrete floor brick and its production method - Google Patents
High-strength water-permeable concrete floor brick and its production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1315752C CN1315752C CNB2005102005265A CN200510200526A CN1315752C CN 1315752 C CN1315752 C CN 1315752C CN B2005102005265 A CNB2005102005265 A CN B2005102005265A CN 200510200526 A CN200510200526 A CN 200510200526A CN 1315752 C CN1315752 C CN 1315752C
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种透水性高强混凝土地面砖及其生产方法，先制作基层，将按重量配比的水泥18-21%、3-5mm小碎石50-55%、7-10mm大碎石18-21%、混凝土外加剂0.1-6%；按照水灰比0.2-0.23搅拌均匀，倒入模具中，振动成型；然后制作面层，将按重量配比的水泥15-22%、石英砂76-85%、混凝土外加剂0.1-6%、可再分散乳胶粉0.2-0.6%、水灰比：0.24-0.26搅拌均匀，并倾倒于新鲜成型的基层层上，再经振动成型、脱模、养护、出成品。本发明强度高，透水性好，能耗低，不需粘土高温烧制。既可工厂预制，也可现场制作。可用于人行道、车行道、屋面、广场及园林建筑。
A water-permeable high-strength concrete floor tile and its production method. Firstly, the base layer is made, and the proportion of cement is 18-21%, 3-5mm small gravel is 50-55%, and 7-10mm large gravel is 18-21%. , Concrete admixture 0.1-6%; Stir evenly according to the water-cement ratio 0.2-0.23, pour into the mold, and vibrate to shape; then make the surface layer, mix cement 15-22% and quartz sand 76-85% by weight , Concrete admixture 0.1-6%, redispersible latex powder 0.2-0.6%, water-cement ratio: 0.24-0.26 Stir evenly, and pour it on the freshly formed base layer, and then vibrate forming, demoulding, curing, out finished product. The invention has high strength, good water permeability, low energy consumption, and does not need high-temperature firing of clay. It can be prefabricated in the factory or made on site. It can be used for sidewalks, roadways, roofs, squares and garden buildings.
Description
(一)技术领域(1) Technical field
本发明涉及一种铺地建筑材料，特别是一种地面砖及其生产方法。The invention relates to a floor paving building material, in particular to a floor tile and a production method thereof.
(二)背景技术(2) Background technology
地面砖要承受较大的压力，因此需要较高的强度。现有的地面砖密实度较高，如混凝土地面砖、混凝土、聚合物合成地砖、陶瓷地砖等，这些地面砖均由同种材料一次成型，内部材料孔隙较少，而且，孔隙之间不连通，不透水，隔断了路基和外界的交流，破坏了自然生态环境。现有透水性的地砖，采用陶瓷材料烧结制成，虽有一定的透水功能，满足了生态需求，但耗能高，烧制中浪费大量能源，并消耗宝贵的粘土资源。如果单纯增加现有混凝土地面砖的孔隙率，又不能满足地面砖的抗压强度要求，在用于车行道时，容易压碎。Floor tiles are subject to greater pressure and therefore require higher strength. The existing floor tiles have high density, such as concrete floor tiles, concrete, polymer synthetic floor tiles, ceramic floor tiles, etc. These floor tiles are all formed from the same material at one time, and the internal material has fewer pores, and the pores are not connected. , impermeable, cut off the communication between the subgrade and the outside world, and destroyed the natural ecological environment. Existing water-permeable floor tiles are made of sintered ceramic materials. Although they have a certain water-permeable function and meet ecological needs, they consume a lot of energy and consume a lot of energy and precious clay resources during firing. If the porosity of the existing concrete floor tiles is simply increased, the compressive strength requirements of the floor tiles cannot be met, and it is easy to be crushed when used for a roadway.
(三)发明内容(3) Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种高强透水混凝土地面砖及其生产方法，解决地面砖既要具有较高的强度，又具有透水性的问题；同时解决透水地面砖生产浪费粘土资源、浪费大量能源的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-strength permeable concrete floor tile and its production method, which solves the problem that the floor tile should have both high strength and water permeability; at the same time, it solves the waste of clay resources and a large amount of energy in the production of permeable floor tiles question.
本发明的技术方案：这种高强透水混凝土地面砖分两次成型，其特征在于：基层和面层的材料分别配制，其中：基层干料重量配比如下：The technical solution of the present invention: the high-strength permeable concrete floor tiles are molded in two steps, which is characterized in that the materials of the base layer and the surface layer are prepared separately, wherein the weight ratio of the dry materials of the base layer is as follows:
水泥 18-21％；Cement 18-21%;
3-5mm小碎石 50-55％；3-5mm small gravel 50-55%;
7-10mm大碎石 18-21％；7-10mm large gravel 18-21%;
混凝土外加剂 0.1-6％；Concrete admixture 0.1-6%;
水灰比： 0.2-0.23；Water cement ratio: 0.2-0.23;
面层干料重量配比如下：The weight ratio of dry ingredients for the surface layer is as follows:
水泥 15-24％；Cement 15-24%;
石英砂 76-85％；Quartz sand 76-85%;
另有：水泥重量0.1-6％的混凝土外加剂；In addition: concrete admixture of 0.1-6% by weight of cement;
水泥重量0.2-0.6％的可再分散乳胶粉；Redispersible latex powder of 0.2-0.6% by weight of cement;
水灰比：0.24-0.26。Water cement ratio: 0.24-0.26.
在面层和/或基层重量配比中还加入色粉。Toner is also added to the top coat and/or base coat weight ratio.
在基层重量配比中还加入不超过水泥重量1.5％的耐蚀钢纤维。Corrosion-resistant steel fibers not exceeding 1.5% of cement weight are also added in the weight ratio of the base layer.
在基层重量配比中还加入不超过水泥重量0.6％的可再分散乳胶粉。In addition, no more than 0.6% of cement weight redispersible latex powder is added in the weight ratio of the base layer.
在基层重量配比中还加入不超过水泥重量0.6％的可再分散乳胶粉。In addition, no more than 0.6% of cement weight redispersible latex powder is added in the weight ratio of the base layer.
上述水泥由不超过30％的矿渣或粉煤灰替代。The above cement is replaced by not more than 30% slag or fly ash.
这种高强透水混凝土地面砖的生产方法，其特征在于：The production method of this high-strength permeable concrete floor tile is characterized in that:
(1)、先按重量配比制作基层：(1), first make the base layer according to the weight ratio:
水泥 18-21％；Cement 18-21%;
3-5mm小碎石 50-55％；3-5mm small gravel 50-55%;
7-10mm大碎石 18-21％；7-10mm large gravel 18-21%;
混凝土外加剂 0.1-6％；Concrete admixture 0.1-6%;
水灰比： 0.2-0.23；Water cement ratio: 0.2-0.23;
制作基层的步骤：Steps to make base layer:
a、将3-5mm小碎石、7-10mm大碎石级配成骨料；a. Grading 3-5mm small crushed stones and 7-10mm large crushed stones into aggregates;
b、将骨料和色粉混合均匀，然后按额定水量的10％先行润湿，b. Mix the aggregate and toner evenly, and then wet it with 10% of the rated water.
c、将可再分散乳胶粉和混凝土外加剂均匀预混入水泥中；c. Evenly premix the redispersible latex powder and concrete admixture into the cement;
d、将骨料与水泥混合20-40秒；d. Mix the aggregate and cement for 20-40 seconds;
e、再将剩余额定水量加足，搅拌均匀，倒入模具中，振动成型；e. Then add enough remaining rated water, stir evenly, pour into the mold, and vibrate to form;
(2)、然后制作面层：将按重量配比的水泥15-22％、石英砂76-85％、混凝土外加剂0.1-6％、可再分散乳胶粉0.2-0.6％、水灰比：0.24-0.26搅拌均匀，并倾倒于上述步骤(1)中新鲜成型的基层层上，再经振动成型；(2), then make the surface layer: 15-22% of cement, 76-85% of quartz sand, 0.1-6% of concrete admixture, 0.2-0.6% of redispersible latex powder, water-cement ratio according to the weight ratio: 0.24-0.26 Stir evenly, and pour it on the freshly formed base layer in the above step (1), and then form it by vibration;
(3)、脱模；(3), demoulding;
(4)、养护、出成品。(4), maintenance, finished product.
在上述基层配比中还加有防腐钢纤维。Anti-corrosion steel fibers are also added to the above base ratio.
上述d中，骨料与水泥的混合时间是30秒。In the above d, the mixing time of aggregate and cement is 30 seconds.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、属于干硬性混凝土，可以工厂预制、可以现场制作。1. It belongs to dry hard concrete, which can be prefabricated in the factory or made on site.
2、无需粘土、无需烧结，节能、节约资源。2. No clay, no sintering, energy saving and resource saving.
3、在混凝土基层层成型中可添加矿渣、粉煤灰等工业废渣，替代部分水泥用量，有利于环境保护。3. Industrial waste residues such as slag and fly ash can be added to the formation of the concrete base layer to replace part of the cement consumption, which is beneficial to environmental protection.
4、在保证孔隙率、透水性(孔隙率10％-15％左右，透水性5-20mm/s)的情况下，使透水砖抗压强度达到45Mpa，抗折强度达到4.5Mpa以上。4. In the case of ensuring porosity and water permeability (porosity is about 10%-15%, water permeability is 5-20mm/s), the compressive strength of permeable bricks can reach 45Mpa, and the flexural strength can reach more than 4.5Mpa.
5、强度高，可用于车行道。5. High strength, can be used for roadway.
6、连通孔隙率达到10％以上，抗冻融性好。6. The connected porosity reaches more than 10%, and the freeze-thaw resistance is good.
7、可以明显降低车行的躁声。7. It can significantly reduce the noise of the car dealership.
8、可以增加地面径流的拦截能力。8. It can increase the interception capacity of surface runoff.
9、可以缓慢肆放地下蓄积的雨水，改善微环境、微气候。9. The rainwater accumulated underground can be slowly released to improve the micro-environment and micro-climate.
本发明地面砖中可以加入可再分散乳胶粉，可再分散乳胶粉是一种建筑乳液的干粉，在水中可以快速溶解，并回复到原乳液状态下的完整性能，能提高水泥、砂石之间的粘接力。在加入耐蚀钢纤维后，更增加了地面砖的抗压强度和抗折强度。Redispersible latex powder can be added to the floor tiles of the present invention. Redispersible latex powder is a dry powder of construction emulsion, which can be quickly dissolved in water and returned to the complete performance of the original emulsion state, which can improve the cement and sand. Adhesion between. After adding corrosion-resistant steel fibers, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the floor tiles are increased.
本发明既满足了地面砖的强度要求，又满足了透水特性，同时不需要浪费粘土资源，不需要高温烧制，避免了能源大量消耗。广泛用于人行道、车行道、广场及园林建筑，还可用于铺筑屋面，有良好的降温及隔热效果。The invention not only satisfies the strength requirement of the floor tiles, but also satisfies the water-permeable characteristics, and at the same time does not need to waste clay resources, does not need high-temperature firing, and avoids a large amount of energy consumption. It is widely used in sidewalks, roadways, squares and garden buildings, and can also be used to pave roofs, with good cooling and heat insulation effects.
(四)附图说明(4) Description of drawings
图1是本发明高强透水混凝土地面砖的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the high-strength permeable concrete floor brick of the present invention.
(五)具体实施方式(5) Specific implementation methods
实施例参见附图：这种高强透水混凝土路面砖由基层2和面层1组成，基层2内包括小碎石3和大碎石4，水泥浆包裹在大、小碎石组成的骨料表面，骨料之间的孔隙5形成透水通道。其基层重量配比举例如下：See the accompanying drawings for the embodiment: This high-strength permeable concrete pavement brick is composed of a base layer 2 and a surface layer 1. The base layer 2 includes small crushed stones 3 and large crushed stones 4, and the cement slurry is wrapped on the aggregate surface composed of large and small crushed stones. , The pores 5 between the aggregates form water-permeable channels. The weight ratio of the base layer is as follows:
水泥选用量举例：18％、19％、20％、21％。Examples of cement selection: 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%.
其中，不大于30％的水泥可以用矿渣或粉煤灰替代。Among them, not more than 30% of cement can be replaced by slag or fly ash.
3-5mm小碎石选用量举例：50％、51％、52％、53％、54％、55％；Examples of the selection of 3-5mm small gravel: 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%;
7-10mm大碎石选用量举例：18％、19％、20％、21％。Examples of the selection of 7-10mm large gravel: 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%.
上述7-10mm大碎石与3-5mm小碎石的重量比率为1∶2、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5、1∶6、1∶7、1∶8、1∶9、1∶10。大颗粒和小颗粒的粒径大小比可为：大∶小＝2-7∶1The weight ratio of the above-mentioned 7-10mm large crushed stones to 3-5mm small crushed stones is 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10. The size ratio of large particles and small particles can be: large: small=2-7:1
色粉按需要调色，选用具有良好耐碱性的无机盐颜料，比如氧化铁红等。The color powder is adjusted according to the needs, and the inorganic salt pigment with good alkali resistance, such as iron oxide red, is selected.
混凝土外加剂选用量以水泥总重计算的举例：0.1％、0.5％、1％、2％、3％、4％、5％、6％；混凝土外加剂是减水剂、早强剂或抗冻剂。Examples of the amount of concrete admixtures calculated based on the total weight of cement: 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%; concrete admixtures are water reducers, early strength agents or anti- refrigerant.
耐蚀钢纤维选用量以水泥总重计算的举例：0％、0.5％、1％、1.5％；耐蚀钢纤维是2-3mm长的钢纤维，钢纤维采用耐蚀钢材制作，或不锈钢制作。The amount of corrosion-resistant steel fiber is calculated based on the total weight of cement: 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%; the corrosion-resistant steel fiber is 2-3mm long steel fiber, and the steel fiber is made of corrosion-resistant steel or stainless steel .
可再分散乳胶粉选用量以水泥总重计算的举例：0％、0.1％、0.2％、0.3％、0.4％、0.5％、0.6％；可再分散乳胶粉，是一种建筑乳液的干粉，可选用市售商品，如德国WACK、美国国民淀粉乳胶粉、台湾大连化学股份有限公司的产品。Examples of the amount of redispersible latex powder calculated based on the total weight of cement: 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%; redispersible latex powder is a dry powder of construction emulsion, Commercially available products can be used, such as German WACK, American National Starch Latex Powder, and products from Taiwan Dalian Chemical Co., Ltd.
水灰比选用量举例：0.2、0.21、0.22、0.23。Examples of water-cement ratio selection: 0.2, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23.
面层重量配比如下：The top layer weight ratio is as follows:
水泥选用量举例：15％、16％、17％、18％、19％、20％、21％、22％、24％。Examples of cement selection: 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 24%.
石英砂可为1#或2#或3#砂，选用量举例：76％、77％、78％、79％、80％、81％、82％、83％、84％、85％。Quartz sand can be 1# or 2# or 3# sand, the selected amount is for example: 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%.
色粉选用量按需要调色。The amount of toner selected is adjusted according to the needs.
混凝土外加剂选用量以水泥总重计算的举例：0.1％、0.5％、1％、2％、3％、4％、5％、6％。Examples of the amount of concrete admixtures calculated based on the total weight of cement: 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%.
可再分散乳胶粉选用量以水泥总重计算的举例：0.2％、0.3％、0.4％、0.5％、0.6％。Examples of the amount of redispersible latex powder calculated based on the total weight of cement: 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%.
水灰比选用量举例：0.24、0.25、0.26。Examples of water-cement ratio selection: 0.24, 0.25, 0.26.
本发明高强透水混凝土地面砖的生产方法：The production method of the high-strength permeable concrete floor brick of the present invention:
(1)、先按重量配比制作基层：(1), first make the base layer according to the weight ratio:
水泥 18-21％；Cement 18-21%;
3-5mm小碎石 50-55％；3-5mm small gravel 50-55%;
7-10mm大碎石 18-21％；7-10mm large gravel 18-21%;
混凝土外加剂 0.1-6％；Concrete admixture 0.1-6%;
水灰比： 0.2-0.23；Water cement ratio: 0.2-0.23;
制作基层的步骤：Steps to make base layer:
a、将3-5mm小碎石、7-10mm大碎石级配成骨料。a. Grading 3-5mm small crushed stones and 7-10mm large crushed stones into aggregates.
b、将骨料和色粉混合均匀，然后按额定水量的10％先行润湿。b. Mix the aggregate and toner evenly, and then moisten with 10% of the rated water.
c、将可再分散乳胶粉和混凝土外加剂均匀预混入水泥中。c. Evenly pre-mix the redispersible latex powder and concrete admixture into the cement.
d、将骨料与水泥混合，混合时间为20-40秒的任意时间。d. Mix the aggregate with the cement, and the mixing time is any time from 20 to 40 seconds.
e、再将剩余额定水量加足，搅拌均匀，倒入模具中，振动成型。这样才可以保证有限的粘接料附着在骨料表面，提供充分的强度，但不堵塞透水的水道。e. Add enough remaining rated water, stir evenly, pour into the mold, and vibrate to shape. Only in this way can the limited bonding material be attached to the surface of the aggregate to provide sufficient strength without blocking the permeable waterway.
(2)、然后制作面层：将按重量配比的水泥15-22％、石英砂76-85％、混凝土外加剂0.1-6％、可再分散乳胶粉0.2-0.6％、水灰比：0.24-0.26搅拌均匀，并倾倒于上述步骤(1)中新鲜成型的基层层上，再经振动成型。(2), then make the surface layer: 15-22% of cement, 76-85% of quartz sand, 0.1-6% of concrete admixture, 0.2-0.6% of redispersible latex powder, water-cement ratio according to the weight ratio: 0.24-0.26 Stir evenly, and pour it on the freshly formed base layer in the above step (1), and then form it by vibration.
(3)、脱模。(3), demoulding.
(4)、养护24-48小时、出成品。(4), 24-48 hours of maintenance, the finished product.
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