Background technology
Because sulphur in the gasoline and olefin(e) centent can increase CO, NO in the vehicle exhaust
XWith emission of harmful substances such as particulate matter, cause serious environmental to pollute.Therefore, the gasoline needs that meet new environmental regulation are controlled the concentration that olefin(e) centent also reduces aromatic hydrocarbons (particularly benzene) and sulphur as far as possible.But along with the change day by day of world petroleum resource is heavy, the main source of gasoline is a pressure gasoline, this type of gasoline is the olefin(e) centent height not only, and the sulphur of gasoline products almost 90% also derives from this, so each oil refinery company of the world all falls alkene in research and development, falls the Technology of sulphur, successful is hydrogenation technique at present.But when using this technology, also produced new problem, though that is exactly the sulfide in the hydrodesulfurization energy effective elimination gasoline, alkene that simultaneously also can octane value in the gasoline is higher exceedingly hydrogenation is saturated to low-octane alkane, cause the gasoline octane rating loss to become substandard product too much, as generally speaking, the gasoline desulfur rate reaches at 90% o'clock, and RON can lose 7~10 units, has also increased the hydrogen consumption simultaneously.Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned technology, each company of great oil refining of the world all is fit to fall alkene, desulfurization and gasoline processing technology that octane value does not reduce in exploitation competitively.
Experimental study shows that alkene mainly concentrates in the lighter fraction in pressure gasoline, and sulfide mainly concentrates in the last running.In order to reduce the loss of octane number that causes because of hydrogenation of olefins is saturated, both economical, rational way is earlier the catalytic gasoline fractionation to be light, last running, and then carries out post-treatment respectively.At above-mentioned conclusion, patent US4397739 has proposed at first gasoline rectifying to be become light constituent and heavy constituent before hydrotreatment, heavy constituent is carried out the method for specific hydrogenating desulfurization again.The give chapter and verse difference of gasoline boiling point of patent US4131537 becomes several fractions with gasoline rectifying, three kinds of cuts preferably, and then under different condition, carry out desulfurization respectively.Above-mentioned technology can be by lighter fraction caustic wash desulfuration and heavy fractioning hydrogenation desulfurization, the purpose of reach and fall alkene, falling sulphur can avoid again that the light olefin hydrogenation is saturated to cause too much loss of octane number.Also there is deficiency in above-mentioned technology, and that is exactly to reduce more for a long time at product requirement alkene, still can not avoid the too much loss of octane value, generates substandard product, and the hydrogenation saturation of olefins also can increase the hydrogen consumption greatly.
CN 1316485A has proposed a kind of technology of gasoline being carried out modification by isomerizing hydrogenation, and this technology comprises two sections cascade reactions, and first section is carried out olefin isomerization, carries out hydrogenation reaction at second section then.First section dress be olefin isomerization catalyst, second section dress be olefin hydrogenation catalyst, this two-stage catalytic agent can be respectively charged into two reactors, or in the same reactor of packing into.The present invention can guarantee under the constant situation of gasoline octane rating, the content of alkene is reduced.But also there is the bigger shortcoming of hydrogen consumption in it.
Summary of the invention
In order more effectively to handle the gasoline fraction that contains alkene, sulfur-bearing with hydrogen addition technology, remedy above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of novel inferior patrol hydroprocessing process, this method can make inferior patrol desulfurization, to fall the alkene degree higher, and do not reduce the gasoline fraction octane value.
The hydroprocessing process of inferior patrol of the present invention, wherein hydrotreatment comprises two beds, its step is as follows:
A, bad gasoline contact with catalyst for hydro-upgrading in first beds with hydrogen, and reaction conditions is: hydrogen dividing potential drop 0.5~5.0MPa, best 1.0~4.0MPa; 320 ℃~450 ℃ of temperature, best 350 ℃~435 ℃; Liquid hourly space velocity 1.0h
-1~15.0h
-1, best 1.0h
-1~10.0h
-1Hydrogen-oil ratio 100~800, best 300~800;
B, the effluent of first beds is isolated light constituent and heavy constituent;
The heavy constituent of telling among C, the step B (being the higher part of sulphur content) enter second beds, contact with Hydrobon catalyst with hydrogen and carry out the catalytic desulfurhydrogenation reaction;
The effluent of D, second beds mixes with the isolated light constituent of first beds after cooling off and constitutes the full cut of gasoline products.
The catalyzer of first beds filling described in the above-mentioned steps A is a catalyst for hydro-upgrading, and carrier is Al
2O
3, halogen-containing Al
2O
3, one or more in SAPO-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-35, MCM-22, MCM-41, conventional ZSM-5 molecular sieve, ZSM-5 molecular sieve with small crystal grains, HBeta zeolite and the y-type zeolite etc.; So-called ZSM-5 molecular sieve with small crystal grains is meant that its size is less than 1 μ m.Auxiliary agent is TiO
2, SiO
2, ZrO
2, Al
2O
3, rare-earth oxide is (as La
2O
3) in waiting one or more.Loaded metal is a kind of or its various combination in the transition state base metals such as Co, Mo, Ni and W, also can be in the precious metals such as Pt, Re, Ir one or more, or while load base metal and precious metal.Loading for transiting state metals such as Co, Mo, Ni and W by the metal oxide compound, is generally 0.5wt%~20.0wt%, preferred 1.0wt%~15.0wt%.This kind catalyzer should have stronger hydrocracking, isomery, cyclisation functions such as (comprising aromizing).
Among the above-mentioned steps B, the product index that the effluent of first beds will satisfy according to its sulphur content carries out the separation of weight component.The isolating cut point of weight component is decided by sulphur, alkene equal size (just gasoline products sulphur, alkene equal size index) in the isolated light constituent, and the temperature that 95% of general isolated light constituent boiling range distillates a little is 95 ℃~135 ℃.
The second beds hydrodesulfurization process among the step C can adopt conventional Hydrobon catalyst, preferably adopts Mo-Co/ aluminum oxide, Mo-Ni/ aluminum oxide or W-Mo-Ni/ aluminum oxide; Adopt conventional hydrofining technology condition, reaction conditions is preferably: reaction pressure 1.0MPa~4.0MPa, 240 ℃~360 ℃ of temperature of reaction, volume space velocity 1.0h
-1~10.0h
-1With hydrogen to oil volume ratio 100~500.
First beds and second beds can be in same fixed-bed reactor, also can be in two different fixed-bed reactor.The reaction conditions of first beds shows as temperature height, operational condition harshness.In this bed, realize that mainly gasoline stocks falls alkene and do not fall octane value, and will easily remove the sulphur hydrogenation and take off; And the reaction conditions of second bed shows as that temperature is low, air speed is little, and operational condition relaxes.Mainly be that the difficulty in the gasoline stocks is removed sulphur (i.e. first beds fail to remove sulphur) hydrogenation and removing in this bed.
Reduction or rising situation according to the full cut octane value of gasoline products, determine whether the effluent of the second catalysts bed is necessary that part loops back first beds and processes, promptly when the reduction amplitude of the full cut octane value of gasoline products is big, then the effluent of the second catalysts bed is necessary that part loops back first beds and processes, otherwise then needn't.
The present invention is applicable to the various types of gasoline of processing, as straight-run spirit, catalytically cracked gasoline, coker gasoline etc., is particularly useful for processing the inferior patrol of high-sulfur, high olefin.
Compare with existing hydrogen addition technology, the present invention more helps processing the inferior patrol of high-sulfur, high olefin, and it not only can really be realized falling alkene and not fall octane value, but also can realize following harsher to content of sulfur in gasoline requirement.