CN1390291A - System using substitute fuel on dry distilled gas of wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a combustion and incineration system in which dry distilled gas generated by continuously dry distilling wastes is used as a substitute fuel in varieties of combusting and incinerating facilities requiring a heat source, more particularly, to a combustion and incineration system comprising a dry distilled gas generator producing dry distilled gas, a dry distilled gas transferring and combusting equipment directly transferring dry distilled gas generated in the dry distilled gas generator to a combusting and incinerating facility through a transferring pipe and controlling supplying amount of dry distilled gas, a combusting and incinerating facility with the dry distilled gas transferring and combusting equipment attached in which a heat source is provided by using dry distilled gas as substitute fuel (supplementary fuel), and an automatic controller stably maintaining dry distillation velocity and pressure in a dry distilled gas generator by appropriately operating a dry distilled air supply control valve, a dry distilled gas control valve, etc. linked with the combusted air amount variation, i.e., pressure through a gas-air mixing ejector of the transferring and combusting equipment. Therefore, recycling effects of usable wastes can be expected to be increased, and fuel cost reduction effects due to the radically reduced consumption of a supplementary fuel of an incinerator and industrial combustion facility as well as low generation effects of harmful gases such as dioxin, etc. due to the realization of low cost and high temperature combustion can be obtained using dry distilled gas as a substitute fuel (supplementary fuel).

Description

Systems using dry distilled gas from waste as an alternative fuel

technical field

The present invention relates to a combustion and incineration system using waste dry distillation gas as an alternative energy source; more specifically, in the combustion and incineration system related to the present invention, dry distillation gas produced by dry distillation of high-quality waste is used as an alternative The energy is sent to an incinerator or an industrial device a certain distance away for utilization.

Background technique

Existing dry distillation incinerators generally include a dry still and a burner, wherein the dry still has a top or side feed port for inputting waste and a side or bottom feed port for The inner wall surface of the ash outlet for discharging ash is made of refractory material, and the lower part of the inner wall has a plurality of dry distillation air injection ports for supplying input waste to produce dry distillation reaction. In addition, the dry distiller also includes a dry distillate gas outlet through which the produced dry distillate gas can be injected into an adjacently arranged burner.

The existing dry distillation incinerators have the following problems: the cost of providing the required land is high, the operation and maintenance management is difficult, and it is impossible to realize the continuous production of dry distillation gas because waste cannot be continuously input and ash cannot be discharged continuously. This means that the existing plant can only work in batch mode, ie the ash is discharged through the ash outlet at the end of the dry distillation and incineration reactions, and a new batch of waste is then input. In order to continuously produce fuel, two or more dry distillers need to work alternately, because the non-working time required for ignition and flameout in batch operation is relatively long, and the normal working time is only a few hours. In addition, the large ignition loss and the poor quality of the dry distillation gas reduce the combustion value of the fuel, the large changes in the production ratio of gases such as H, CO and CH increase the risk of explosion, and the obstruction of the gas pipeline can increase the internal pressure of the dry distillation vessel. Elevate, wait.

The existing dry distillation incinerator also has the problems of low gas dry distillation efficiency and high maintenance cost, because the dry distillation air inlet installed in the lower part of the dry distillation device faces the upper part of the dry distillation device, and the dry distillation air is injected vertically, which will make the ash The slag deposits on the lower wall surface, thereby blocking the injection hole of the dry distillation air, making it difficult for the air to inject uniformly, which in turn leads to non-uniform dry distillation reactions.

In addition, this device cannot supply dry distilled gas to a separate incineration or combustion device at a certain distance from the dry distiller, because it cannot prevent pipeline obstruction caused by viscous substances such as tar contained in the dry distilled gas, so dry distilled gas Stills and burners must be connected directly or adjacent to each other.

The quantity of dry distilled gas produced and supplied by the existing dry distillation incineration plant is based on controlling the combustion temperature and working pressure variables of the dry distiller and the burner, but no follow-up measures are taken for the flow of the dry distilled gas, so in pipeline obstacles, during operation There are some problems in ignition, explosion protection and maintenance management.

Contents of the invention

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion and incineration system that can stably generate dry distilled gas from high-quality waste and continuously supply dry distilled gas to an incinerator or industrial combustion device with a simple structure so that the dry distilled gas can be used as an alternative fuel. The provided system for using dry distilled gas from waste as an alternative fuel comprises: a dry distilled gas generator for producing dry distilled gas by continuous dry distillation of high-quality waste; a delivery pipeline with a control valve that can Controlling the amount of dry distilled gas delivered by the pipeline that delivers the dry distilled gas produced in the dry distilled gas generator directly to separate combustion and incineration units; a pressurized distilled gas transfer combustion including gas-air mixing nozzles a gas-air mixing nozzle that mixes gas from a delivery duct with pressurized air and injects the mixed gas into said burner; a burner for burning said injected gas mixture; and a A combustion and incineration device connected to the dry distilled gas burner.

Description of drawings

The following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings will make the present invention clearer and better understand the features and advantages of the present invention. The attached drawings include:

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a system using waste dry distillation gas as an alternative fuel according to the present invention.

Fig. 2A is a structural diagram of a continuous feeder according to the present invention.

Figures 2B, 2C and 2D are structural views of several embodiments of the continuous feeder according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a nozzle pipe type dry distiller according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a continuous slag discharger according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a pressurized dry distilled gas transfer burner according to the present invention.

Detailed ways

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The best embodiments of the present invention conceived by the inventors will be described in detail below. As will be realized, the invention can be modified in its obvious respects without departing from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the following description is for illustration only and should not be considered as limiting.

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the system using dry distilled gas as an alternative fuel according to the present invention, comprising: a continuous feeder (110), a nozzle pipeline type dry still (120) and a continuous slag discharger (130) dry distilled gas generator (100); one comprising transfer pipe (210), dry distilled gas control valve (220), tar remover (230), heat insulating part (240), gas-air mixing nozzle (250 ) and a pressurized dry distilled gas transfer burner (200) of a dry distilled gas burner (260); a combustion and incineration device (300) utilizing the dry distilled gas passed through the pressurized dry distilled gas transfer burner as an alternative fuel; And an automatic controller to control parameters such as dry distillation rate, dry distillation gas quantity and combustion gas quantity, said controller is connected with burners, pipelines, dry distillation gas furnace and pressurized transfer combustion installed in the combustion and incineration device Various sensors on the gas-air mixing nozzle (250) and other parts of the device are connected.

Described continuous feeder (110) has been described in detail in Fig. 2, and its structure is the double door structure that comprises the first sliding member (111) of horizontal opening and closing and the second member (112) of vertical opening and closing, when When the waste is conveyed to the hopper by cranes, conveyors and other equipment, when the first sliding member is opened, the waste is accumulated on the upper part of the second member and supplied to the dry distilled gas generator (100), and when the first member is closed Simultaneously, the second component is opened immediately.

During the above process, the waste continuously enters the dry distilled gas generator (100), and the air-tight state can be maintained due to the double-door structure of the continuous feeder (110). Depending on the amount of waste, the continuous feeder (110) can have different forms as shown in Figures 2B, 2C and 2D.

When feeding, the continuous feeder of the present invention can continuously provide waste to the dry distilled gas generator and prevent the entry of air, so the problem of efficiency reduction caused by factors such as air entry and explosion can be improved.

As shown in Figure 3, the nozzle type dry distiller (120) has an inner pipe (121) and an outer pipe (122), the inner pipe is connected with the dry distillation nozzle (123), and the dry distillation air can be supplied to the control valve through the dry distillation air (124) enters the inner tube and is then sprayed through the dry distillation nozzle (123) into the dry distillation gas generator (100). The dry distillation nozzle (123) of the present invention has a special shape, so that the dry distillation air can be sprayed to the lower part of the dry distillation gas generator (100) from a vertical direction, thereby preventing the air inlet from being blocked in the existing dry distillation incinerator, and dry Distillation air can be evenly injected, so that the efficiency of dry distillation gas from waste is improved.

In order to reduce the heat of reaction produced by the dry distillation reaction, the outer pipe (122) is air-cooled or water-cooled, so that the dry distillation nozzle can be used semi-permanently.

The nozzle type dry distiller (120) is installed below the dry distillation gas generator (100), and the waste supplied by the waste continuous feeder (110) is accumulated on the upper part of the nozzle type dry distiller, so that The injection and ignition of the distilled air through the dry distillation nozzle can cause it to undergo thermal decomposition, resulting in the production of dry distilled gas.

The structure of the dry distillation nozzle allows the dry distillation gas to be ejected horizontally, thereby preventing the nozzle clogging problem in the existing dry distillation incinerator; the uniform and expected amount of dry distillation air can be supplied smoothly, and the thermal decomposition products and ash pass through the pipe space The gap naturally falls to the bottom of the nozzle, which can greatly improve the production efficiency of dry distilled gas and increase the calorific value of the produced dry distilled gas.

In addition, specific standards can be established for dry distillation nozzles and piping so that the required equipment can be efficiently produced, installed and maintained depending on the quality of the waste and the amount of dry distillation gas to be produced.

Fig. 4 shows a continuous discharge device (130) for ash, comprising an ash collector (131) for accumulating the dry distillation reaction product and ash of the nozzle type dry still (120) bottom ), a slag discharge scraper (132), a slag discharge hole (133) and a slag discharge groove (134) driven by a drive motor for carrying out slag discharge below the ash collector.

In the dry distillation reaction, the waste loses its accumulative power and becomes ash, which is automatically pressed out between the pipes that make up the nozzle-type dry distiller, and falls into the ash collector below, and the accumulated ash is rotating. Under the action of the slagging scraper (132), it is continuously pushed into the slagging hole, and finally discharged out of the dry distilled gas generator through the openable and closable slagging groove connected to the slagging hole.

At this time, the external air cannot enter the dry distilled gas generator because it is blocked by the ash accumulated in the ash collector, slag discharge tank and water tank, etc.

The continuous slagging device of the present invention has functions that the existing dry distillation and incineration devices do not possess, and it is convenient to manufacture and to make the dry distillation gas generator work continuously.

As shown in Figure 5, the pressurized dry distillation gas transfer burner (200) is connected with the dry distillation gas outlet (101) of the dry distillation gas generator, including a dry distillation gas transmission pipe (210), a dry distillation gas control valve ( 220), tar removal part (230), thermal insulation part (240), gas-air mixing nozzle (250) and dry distilled gas burner (260), etc. The dry distilled gas is transmitted from the dry distilled gas outlet of the dry distilled gas generator through the transmission pipe to the combustion and incineration device for combustion. The thermal insulation component reduces the temperature drop of the dry distilled gas in the transmission pipeline to make tar adhere to the inner wall of the pipeline The amount is reduced, the tar removal part can remove the liquid tar in the transmission pipeline to prevent the transmission pipeline from clogging, and the dry distillation gas control valve can control the amount of dry distillation gas supplied to the combustion and incineration device.

The dry distilled gas enters the gas-air mixing nozzle (250) through the transmission pipe and is completely mixed with the combustion air, and the formed high-quality dry distilled gas with uniform concentration is sprayed into the dry distilled gas burner (260). When the burner is ignited, the injected dry distilled gas can directly provide the required heat source and heat value.

Due to the adoption of the gas-air mixing nozzle to mix the dry distilled gas with the combustion air and pressurize the sprayed dry distilled gas and the induced effect of the connected dry distilled gas, the pressurized dry distilled gas transfer burner (200) of the present invention can not only solve the problem of There is a problem that the dry distilled gas incineration device is difficult to transport the dry distilled gas to a long-distance combustion and incineration device due to tar and other substances blocking the pipeline, and it makes it possible to transport the dry distilled gas over a long distance. In addition, due to the adoption of the nozzle-type dry distiller and the combustion and incineration device below it, the dry distilled gas transfer burner (200) of the present invention can automatically control the production, transmission and supply of the dry distilled gas, thereby not only facilitating system operation and maintenance management, and also help to solve the problem that the existing dry distillation incinerator can only use waste heat indirectly, that is, it can only indirectly use the waste heat produced by burning dry distillation gas in the second auxiliary burner and cannot convert the dry The distilled gas is transported to other combustion and incineration devices for utilization, and only the direct combustion of dry distilled gas in the combustion and incineration device can realize its purpose as an alternative fuel.

The fuel provided by the combustion and incineration device (300) can be used in various thermal energy utilization devices, including well-known incineration devices such as rotary kilns, fluidized beds, and coal stokers, and industrial combustion devices such as drying furnaces, heating furnaces, and melting furnaces. The present invention can be applied in these combustion and incineration devices, adopting dry distilled gas as supplementary fuel with high calorific value, thereby maintaining high combustion temperature and greatly reducing the emission of various harmful gases caused by incomplete combustion. At the same time, the system of the present invention can greatly reduce the fuel cost and maintenance cost of the combustion and incineration device.

The automatic controller includes electronic and measuring components, which can interlock the dry distillation air supply control valve (124) with the dry distillation gas control valve (220) according to the change of the air supplied through the gas-air mixing nozzle (250), thereby ensuring The proper supply of dry distilled gas required by the combustion and incineration device, when the proper combustion temperature cannot be maintained, the control valves of the relevant components can be automatically adjusted according to the combustion temperature to ensure the proper supply of the required dry distilled gas.

The automatic controller of the present invention can adjust the combustion temperature according to the quality of the target material put into the combustion and incineration device, thereby automatically maintaining stable operation conditions, and can also solve some problems such as ignition and explosion in the existing dry distillation gas incineration device For the problems in the paper, automatic adjustment and effective maintenance of appropriate dry distillation rate and stable dry distillation pressure are conducive to the convenient operation of combustion devices.

As mentioned above, the present invention uses waste to produce dry distilled gas that can be used as fuel, which helps to improve the reuse effect of waste products, that is, the continuous operation of the dry distilled gas generator can use smaller equipment to produce a larger amount of high-quality Dry distilled gas, and the produced dry distilled gas can be transported to long-distance incineration and industrial combustion devices, thereby greatly reducing fuel costs. These gases produced, when utilized as supplemental fuel, increase the combustion efficiency of combustion and incineration plants because higher combustion temperatures are achievable at lower cost. At the same time, the generated dry distillation gas can reduce the emission of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide during combustion, thereby helping to improve the problem of air pollution and reduce the specifications and manufacturing costs of required environmental protection equipment. At the same time, according to the calorific value required by the combustion and incineration device, the dry distillation air control valve of the dry distillation gas generator and the control valves of related transmission and supply components can be automatically adjusted, so that the combustion conditions of the combustion and incineration device can be automatically controlled , Automatically control the pyrolysis rate of the dry distillation gas generator, maintain proper operating conditions, and simplify the operation and maintenance of the device. In addition, since the main equipment such as the nozzle type dry distiller can be standardized, the invention can improve the efficiency of the dry distillation and make the equipment easier to manufacture, install, maintain and repair.

Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed for the sake of illustration, those skilled in the art will understand that it is possible to make additions, reductions and modifications to the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the claims stated in the present invention of.

Claims (5)

1. A system for utilizing waste dry distillation gas as an alternative fuel, comprising: A) a dry distillation gas generator for producing dry distillation gas by continuous dry distillation of high quality waste; B) A sealed dry distilled gas transmission and combustion apparatus including: 1) A transfer pipeline with a control valve to control the amount of dry distilled gas delivered, which transfers the dry distilled gas produced in the dry distilled gas generator directly to the separate combustion and incineration device; 2) a gas-air mixing nozzle directly connected to said transfer duct, which mixes gas from the transfer duct with combustion air and injects the mixed gas into a sealed transfer burner; 3) a burner for burning the injected gas mixture; and C) A combustion and incineration unit connected to said dry distilled gas burner. 2. The system for utilizing waste dry distilled gas as an alternative fuel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said dry distilled gas generator comprises: A) a continuous feeder, which can continuously supply waste to the dry distillation gas generator under airtight conditions; B) a nozzle-type dry still, into which waste is fed from a continuous feeder and accumulated on its upper part and produced by pyrolysis to produce dry still gas; and C) A continuous slag discharger, the ash that loses its cohesive force after pyrolyzing the nozzle part of the nozzle type dry distiller to produce dry distillation gas falls into the gap between the nozzle pipes and is continuously discharged by the continuous slag discharger , while maintaining no air inflow through it. 3. The system for utilizing waste dry distilled gas as an alternative fuel as recited in claim 1, wherein said sealed transfer burner further comprises: A) a tar removal unit installed on the transfer pipe for removing tar generated in the dry distilled gas furnace, which causes the liquid to fall and discharge the viscous tar through the heater installed on it; and B) A thermal insulation component to reduce the temperature drop of the dry distilled gas in the transfer pipeline. 4. The system for using waste dry distillation gas as an alternative fuel as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: A) a detector located at the outlet of the gas-air mixing nozzle of the seal transfer burner, Used to detect the combustion air flow rate supplied by the gas-air mixing nozzle of the sealed transfer burner; B) a dry distillation air control valve connected with the dry distillation gas generator and controlled by the detector, which can control the production of the distillation gas according to the dry distillation gas flow rate; as well as C) An automatic control component interlocked with the dry distillation gas control valve of the sealed transfer burner, which can automatically control the dry distillation rate and automatically maintain the stable pressure in the dry distillation device. 5. The system using waste dry distillation gas as an alternative fuel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said combustion and incineration devices include rotary kilns, incinerators, fluidized beds, boilers or drying furnaces, heating furnaces and melting furnaces, etc. Burning device.

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