A kind of nickel base amorphous alloy
The present invention relates to the amorphous alloy in the metallic substance, have the new amorphous state nickel-base alloy of broad supercooled liquid temperature range (more than 50 ℃).
Compare with conventional polycrystalline metal material, amorphous alloy (also claiming metallic glass) is because the long-range of structure is unordered and do not have crystal boundary, therefore has characteristics such as high strength and toughness is corrosion-resistant and anti-oxidant.Some amorphous alloys are taking place to have tangible glass transition before the crystallization change, and (Δ T is defined as the starting temperature T that crystallization takes place in the continuous heat-processed of non-crystalline state to show the supercooled liquid temperature range Δ T of broad
xWith glass transformation temperature T
gDifference), the size of Δ T value has become one of important criterion of weighing amorphous alloy intrinsic amorphous formation ability and thermostability.Have now found that manyly form amorphous alloy system and have above-mentioned feature, Δ T value can be above 50 ℃, even surpass 100 ℃, as Mg-Ln-TM, Ln-Al-TM, Zr-Al-TM, Ti-Zr-TM, Zr-(Ti, Nb, Pd)-and Al-TM, Zr-Ti-TM-Be, Fe-(Al, Ga)-(P, C, B, Si), Pd-Cu-Ni-P, (Fe, Co)-(Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta)-B and Ti-Ni-Cu-Sn (Ln=lanthanide series metal, TM=magnesium-yttrium-transition metal) etc.Another characteristics of this class alloy are: amorphous alloy shows as densify fluid in supercooled liquid temperature range Δ T, has superplasticity, its unit elongation even can reach 15,000%.Utilize this characteristic can realize the near clean shape processing of non-crystaline amorphous metal, be made into complex-shaped small-sized component.Therefore, the supercooled liquid temperature range Δ T of amorphous alloy broad and the characteristic of in Δ T temperature range, hanging down viscosity factor, not only the following process moulding for amorphous alloy provides chance, also makes simultaneously to be consolidated into block materials by amorphous alloy powder or strip through powder metallurgy technology and to be easy to realize.
Usually, nickel base amorphous alloy has better magnetic properties, anticorrosive and oxidation susceptibility and high intensity and wear resistance.Although existing ni-based amorphous alloy Ni-M-(P, Si, B, the C) research of (M=Al, Ti, Zr, Cr, Mo, W) report does not find almost that at present performance has tangible supercooled liquid temperature range in the Ni base noncrystal alloy.Recently, Japan Akihisa Inoue people such as (A.Inoue) has studied Ni-(Ti, Nb)-amorphous formation ability of P alloy system, and adopt melt to inhale the amorphous bar that casting process has obtained diameter 2mm, but the crystallization temperature of non-crystaline amorphous metal lower (about 350 ℃), supercooled liquid temperature range also narrower (about 40 ℃).
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nickel base amorphous alloy, this alloy has broad supercooled liquid temperature range.
The invention provides a kind of nickel base amorphous alloy, it is characterized in that basal component is atomic percent: Ni50~70Ti1~25Zr surplus.
Element Ni among the present invention can be substituted simultaneously by any alloying element among Cu, Co, Fe, Sn, Mo, Cr, Mn, Nb, W or the Pd or multiple alloying element, and the amount of substituting is less than 30% of alloy total amount; Element Zr wherein can be substituted simultaneously by any alloying element among Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, W or the Pr or multiple alloying element, and the amount of substituting is less than 15% of alloy total amount; Element ti wherein can be by any metal among Al, Mg, Sn, Ag, Hf, Nb, Pb, Pr, Sb, Rh or the Be, or any non-metallic element among P, B, C, the Si, or multiple alloying element substitutes simultaneously, and the amount that substitutes is for less than 20% of alloy total amount.
Nickel base amorphous alloy described in the present invention comprises powder, filament, strip or block materials.
Nickel base amorphous alloy described in the present invention can form matrix material or the bulk nanometer material that contains interior living disperse distribution nano particle/amorphous alloy matrix by the speed of cooling of control melt or the consolidation temperature of amorphous alloy powder.
Nickel base amorphous alloy described in the present invention can develop into structures such as nanocrystalline, crystallite through subsequent disposal.
The key that the present invention is different from the existing Ni-based alloy of non-crystalline state is: alloy can be observed tangible glass transition and has the supercooled liquid temperature range Δ T of broad (generally more than 50 ℃, the highest can near 100 ℃) before crystallization takes place.Simultaneously, the alloy that forms amorphous structure has higher crystallization temperature (generally more than 550 ℃), and the thermostability of the Ni-based alloy of non-crystalline state and working temperature are improved significantly and improve.
The present invention is by Ni-Ti-Zr ternary alloy amorphous formation ability and Research on Thermal Stability to the heterogeneity proportioning, several new amorphous state nickel-base alloys have been found with broad supercooled liquid temperature range (more than 50 ℃), the intrinsic amorphous formation ability of alloy is stronger, can be by some preparation of more common method and production.Can also this prepare the novel material of the metastable state structure of deriving out, such as with matrix material and the nanocrystalline Ni-based alloy of the Ni-based alloy of non-crystalline state as matrix by the Ni-based alloy of non-crystalline state for the basis.
Accompanying drawing 1 forms Ni for mechanical alloying after 40 hours
X(Ti
0.5Zr
0.5)
100-XThe X ray diffracting spectrum of (X=10,20,33.3,40,50,55,60,65,70,80,90) powdered alloy.
The non-crystalline state Ni that accompanying drawing 2 mechanical alloyings formed after 40 hours
X(Ti
0.5Zr
0.5)
100-XThe dsc analysis result of (X=33.3,40,50,55,60,65,80) powdered alloy (heating rate is 40K/min).
The non-crystalline state Ni that accompanying drawing 3 mechanical alloyings formed after 40 hours
60Ti
XZr
40-XThe dsc analysis result of (X=0,10,20,25,30,35,40) powdered alloy (heating rate is 40K/min).
Accompanying drawing 4 contains dsc analysis result (a) Ni of the non-crystalline state Ni-Ti-Zr alloy of Co P
76Ti
5P
19(b) Ni
60Ti
20Zr
20(c) Ni
30Co
30Ti
17.5Zr
17.5P
5And (d) Ni
30Co
30Ti
15Zr
15P
10(heating rate is 40K/min).
Accompanying drawing 5 fast quenching amorphous attitude Ni
60Ti
20Zr
20The dsc analysis result (heating rate is 40K/min) of alloy strip (a) and mechanical alloying amorphous alloy powder (b).
Accompanying drawing 6 Ni
50Co
8Cr
2Ti
5Zr
20P
15The non-crystaline amorphous metal block materials that the non-crystalline state powder obtains after the fixed moulding of hot pressing (diameter 20mm, height 13mm).
The diameter that accompanying drawing 7 adopts water cooled copper mould to inhale the casting process acquisition is the Ni of 6mm, length 55mm
60Ti
20Zr
20Bulk amorphous alloy.
The embodiment of the invention is as follows:
Embodiment 1
Adopt US-built Spex-8000 type high-energy ball mill about 40 microns Ni (99.5wt%) of ball milling particle diameter under high-purity argon gas (99.999%) protection; Ti (99.6wt%); Zr (99.4wt%) ternary powder mixture; ball is 81 with the weight of material ratio; milling time is 20~50 hours, finally is formed into to be divided into Ni
X(Ti
0.5Zr
0.5)
100-XThe powdered alloy of (X=10,20,33.3,40,50,55,60,65,70,80,90), the X-ray diffraction spectrum of different-alloy and heat are analyzed (DSC) result respectively as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.The result shows: Ni content can be completed into amorphous phase at the mixed powder of 20≤x≤80 after mechanical alloying in 40 hours, but only there is the tangible supercooled liquid temperature range more than 50 ℃ in the composition range amorphous phase in 50≤x≤65, and the maximum value of non-crystaline amorphous metal supercooled liquid temperature range is near 100 ℃; Composition range at the crystallization temperature of the Ni-based alloy of non-crystalline state of 50≤x≤65 all more than 550 ℃.Glass transformation temperature (the T of ternary Ni-Ti-Zr alloy
g), crystallization starting temperature (T
x) and supercooled liquid temperature province width (Δ T) list in table 1.
Table 1 mechanical alloying forms the glass transformation temperature (T of ternary Ni-Ti-Zr amorphous alloy
g), crystallization starting temperature (T
x) and supercooled liquid temperature range (Δ T) (heating rate of DSC is 40 ℃/minute)
| Alloy | ????T
g(℃)
| ????T
x(℃)
| ????ΔT(℃) |
| ??Ni
50Ti
25Zr
25 | ????482 | ????533 | ????51 |
| ??Ni
55Ti
22.5Zr
22.5 | ????494 | ????561 | ????67 |
| ??Ni
60Ti
20Zr
20 | ????437 | ????516 | ????79 |
| ??Ni
65Ti
17.5Zr
17.5 | ????434 | ????484 | ????50 |
Embodiment 2
Adopt US-built Spex-8000 type high-energy ball mill about 40 microns Ni (99.5wt%) of ball milling particle diameter under high-purity argon gas (99.999%) protection; Ti (99.6wt%); Zr (99.4wt%) ternary powder mixture; ball is 81 with the weight of material ratio; milling time is 20~50 hours, is formed into to be divided into Ni
60Ti
XZr
40-XThe powdered alloy of (X=0,10,20,25,30,35,40).Ni
60Ti
XZr
40-XAlloy all can form amorphous phase in the scope of X=0~40, but only there is the tangible supercooled liquid temperature range more than 50 ℃ in the composition range amorphous phase in 0≤x≤25, the maximum value of amorphous alloy supercooled liquid temperature range is near 100 ℃, as shown in Figure 3, the crystallization temperature of the Ni-based alloy of non-crystalline state is all more than 580 ℃.Glass transformation temperature (the T of ternary Ni-Ti-Zr alloy
g), crystallization starting temperature (T
x) and supercooled liquid temperature province width (Δ T) list in table 2.
Glass transformation temperature (the T of the ternary Ni-Ti-Zr amorphous alloy that table 2 mechanical alloying forms
g), crystallization starting temperature (T
x) and supercooled liquid temperature range (Δ T) (heating rate of DSC is 40 ℃/minute)
| Alloy | ????T
g(℃)
| ????T
x(℃)
| ????ΔT(℃) |
| ????Ni
60Zr
40 | ????445 | ????488 | ????43 |
| ????Ni
60Ti
5Zr
35 | ????442 | ????520 | ????78 |
| ????Ni
60Ti
10Zr
30 | ????458 | ????513 | ????55 |
| ????Ni
60Ti
15Zr
25 | ????514 | ????564 | ????50 |
Embodiment 3
Adopt US-built Spex-8000 type high-energy ball mill about 40 microns Ni (99.5wt%) of ball milling particle diameter under high-purity argon gas (99.999%) protection; Co (99.8wt%); Ti (99.6wt%); the ternary of Zr (99.4wt%) and P (99.999wt%) or polynary powder mixture, the weight ratio of ball and material are 8: 1.By Ni Zr and Ti in alloying element Co and the partly alternative Ni-Ti-Zr ternary alloy of P, the powdered alloy heat of formation is analyzed (DSC) and be the results are shown in Figure 4.Provided the Ni that forms by mechanical alloying among the figure simultaneously
76Ti
5P
19The result of (A.Inoue composition) amorphous alloy powder is to contrast.The result shows: the Ni-Ti-Zr ternary alloy has better thermostability (being higher crystallization temperature) than the Ni-Ti-P ternary alloy; Partly substitute Ni, partly substitute the thermostability that Ti can further improve Ni-Ti-Zr ternary non-crystaline amorphous metal with Co with P.Table 3 is listed the crystallization starting temperature value (T of the Ni-based alloy of above-mentioned non-crystalline state
x).
Crystallization starting temperature (the T of the Ni-based alloy of several mechanical alloying non-crystalline states of table 3
x)
| Alloy | ??T
x(℃)
|
| ??Ni
76Ti
5P
19 | ????348 |
| ??Ni
60Ti
20Zr
20 | ????520 |
| ??Ni
30Co
30Ti
17.5Zr
17.5P
5 | ????552 |
| ??Ni
30Co
30Ti
15Zr
15P
10 | ????566 |
Embodiment 4
With commercially available technical pure Ni (99.5wt%), Ti (99.6wt%) and sponge Zr (99.4wt%) parent material are pressed Ni
60Ti
20Zr
20Atomic percent configuration alloy 100 grams, in electric arc furnace, charge into high purity argon (99.999%) repeatedly refining obtain master alloy ingot 4 times.Adopt single roller melt supercooled technology spray to cast under low pressure high-purity argon atmosphere to become strip, strip is wide 5 millimeters, thick 40 microns.Table 4 is the main control parameters of melt-spun.The dsc analysis result of amorphous alloy band as shown in Figure 5.By
Table 4 melt-spun prepares Ni
60Ti
20Zr
20The amorphous alloy main technical details
| The fast quenching roller speed | ????30m/s |
| The melt jet temperature | ????1350℃ |
| The silica tube nozzle diameter | ????0.6mm |
| Spraying pressure | ????+0.5atm |
| Furnace pressure | ????200mmHg |
| Crucible nozzle/wheel | ????3mm |
| Furnace gas | ????Ar(99.999%) |
Scheme as seen the Ni that chilling forms
60Ti
20Zr
20Amorphous alloy band crystallization temperature and supercooled liquid temperature range are lower than the composition alloy of the same race of mechanical alloying method preparation among the embodiment 1, but the supercooled liquid interval of amorphous ribbon still reaches 76 ℃, and crystallization temperature is 570 ℃.
Embodiment 5
Adopting the homemade planetary high-energy ball mill of WL-1 type about 40 microns composition proportion of ball milling particle diameter under high-purity argon gas (99.999%) protection is Ni
50Co
8Cr
2Ti
5Zr
20P
15The Ni of (atomic percent) (99.5wt%), hexa-atomic powdered mixture 180 grams of Co (99.8wt%), Cr (99.9wt%), Ti (99.6wt%), Zr (99.4wt%) and P (99.999wt%), the weight ratio of ball and material is 15: 1.Ball milling obtains the powdered alloy of complete amorphous phase after 40 hours.Ball grinder is opened (avoiding exposing air) at the gloves that are filled with high-purity argon gas in mutually, will fill in after the powder collection in the cold stamping die, and at room temperature to be pressed into blank under the pressure of about 100MPa in advance, good compactness is in 70%.The blank of will colding pressing is put into hot pressing die, in installation and the vacuum hotpressing device.Device is evacuated to 5.4 * 10
-3Behind the Pa, feed argon gas, be heated to 480 ℃ of press temperatures (press temperature is controlled in the supercooled liquid temperature province of this amorphous alloy), exerting pressure is 2-3GPa, about 10 minutes of soaking time.Form relative density after the hot pressing and be better than 99% non-crystaline amorphous metal block materials, the exterior appearance of material is seen Fig. 6.
Embodiment 6
With commercially available high-purity N i (99.995wt%), Ti (99.996wt%), Zr (99.95wt%) sheet material or bar is raw material, presses Ni
60Ti
20Zr
20Atomic percent configuration alloy 12 grams; in the direct current arc smelting furnace of titanium gas collection is arranged, charge into high-purity argon gas (99.999%) repeatedly after the refining 8 times, adopt water cooled copper mould piston suction casting method to obtain part amorphous phase alloy bar material Fig. 7 of 6 millimeters of diameters, 55 millimeters of length.