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CN1233700A - 具有整体钉接梁腹的t字梁 - Google Patents

具有整体钉接梁腹的t字梁 Download PDF

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CN1233700A
CN1233700A CN99102498A CN99102498A CN1233700A CN 1233700 A CN1233700 A CN 1233700A CN 99102498 A CN99102498 A CN 99102498A CN 99102498 A CN99102498 A CN 99102498A CN 1233700 A CN1233700 A CN 1233700A
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詹姆斯·J·利汉
道格拉斯·B·胡珀
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Abstract

一种双梁腹型T字梁,其梁腹元件为整体钉接以防分离。钉接由成本低廉的辊压加工而成并且该过程无需控制钉接点相对于T字梁末端或其余部位的位置。按照本发明,在钉接加工固定完成后,它们被压平回梁腹平面从而使钉接不会明显增加梁腹的厚度,因此它们不会干扰后续制造或工地组装。

Description

具有整体钉接梁腹的T字梁
普通T字梁由加工成上球头的带钢，纵向延伸的双梁腹和相对地延伸的下凸缘组成。在不使用梁帽连接凸缘并使梁腹元件隐蔽时，为取得外形美观，应保证上述元件沿梁腹长度的间距均匀。通过相邻凸缘安装梁腹元件可以实现上述要求。授予Ollinger的美国专利4489529提出了连接双梁腹的若干方法。该专利中一种方法是在沿T字梁长度间距的若干位置处切割双梁腹元件以形成钉接。此种加工方法的问题是在钉接位置的梁腹有效厚度增加了一倍。所造成的厚度差使在此后的成型和/或组装加工等制造程序中难以精确地固定T字梁。此外，也会在钉接存在处或干扰T字梁交叉槽时给安装者造成困难。
在高速滚压形成钉接的过程中，想要对钉接位置定位而使之不干扰T字梁的关键部位是很困难和/或费钱的。
已知的一种切割或钉接双梁腹元件方法是，在切割后，压制切割孔周围物质以减小切孔大小从而确实联锁梁腹元件。
本发明提供了一种格栅用的双梁腹型T字梁，其中梁腹元件采用整体钉接进行组合从而避免梁腹局部厚度的增加。钉接方法采用切割或剪割梁腹的双倍厚度从而在梁腹表面位移出一切片而产生相应切孔。梁腹材料经压制或其他变形加工而使切片不能回穿过切孔。形成切片的材料向切孔表面压回以使钉接位置梁腹的最终厚度不会明显大于其原厚度。
在本发明的实施例中，梁腹经过三个阶段的辊压模实现钉接。首先，把钉接切片切割出梁腹表面，此后，钉接切孔周围材料经压制以减小切孔大小从而防止切片回穿过切孔。然后，切片经压平回切孔处和压制区域。由于钉接在完成后不会显著增加梁腹的局部厚度，它不会干扰T字梁的正常加工制造，如T字梁由夹具夹持完成的洞冲压或其他精加工工序如端夹的安装。此外，钉接点尽管沿T字梁长度随机分布但仍可具有均匀间距，这样就不会干扰恰好落在钉接处的横交的T字梁连接器的接纳。
下面借助附图通过实施例详细说明本发明，附图中：
图1是一悬挂顶板格栅的T字梁的局部透视图；
图2是图1中T字梁辊压钉接装置第一阶段的略图，其中梁腹经切割形成了已切割的钉接切片；
图2a是相应于图1中所示平面4a-4a的钉接成型第一阶段的透视局部图；
图3是T字梁辊压钉接装置第二阶段的略图，其中钉接区域已完成压制；
图3a是相应于图1中所示平面4a-4a的钉接成型的压制阶段的局部剖面图；
图4是辊压钉接装置第3阶段的略图，其中钉接区域已经辊压成扁平；
图4a是相应于图1中所示平面4a-4a的钉接成型的第3阶段的局部剖面图；
图4b是相应于图1中所示平面4b-4b的钉接成型的第3阶段的局部剖面图；
图5是本发明适用的另一类型T字梁的例图；
本发明可具体体现为T字梁或滑架10，如本专业技术人员所知，也可具体体现为主T字梁或滑架和交叉T字梁或滑架。T字梁10由单金属带钢经已知辊压成型工艺弯曲呈所需的截面形状。T字梁10的金属可用钢制成，并适当采用油漆，徐层或其他防腐措施。T字梁10的各端，按已知方法永久安装连接器夹11，如以铆钉形式从T字梁体10外伸出。或者，连接器夹11可加工为T字梁10的一整体部分。打穿T字梁体的孔12用来用钢丝等从建筑上层结构悬挂T字梁。
加工T字梁10的带钢以已知工艺沿其纵向平行线弯曲或折叠成上腔室16，双梁腹17和下凸缘18，并都成整体。双梁腹17由两个大致平的垂直元件21,22组成。凸缘18从梁腹元件21,22中一个伸出。
梁腹元件21,22通过在它们自身外的各钉接点23实现机械固定。理想的是，各钉接点23沿T字梁10全长紧邻梁腹元件21,22之下边等距均匀分布。图2至4所示为最佳的钉接梁腹元件21,22的方法和装置。图2所示的第一阶段，未完工的T字梁从一对辊压轮26,27间穿过。辊压轮26,27做适当安装以使它们绕各自相互平行且与梁腹17表面平行的轴转动。辊压轮26,27合作从梁腹元件21,22表面切割出切片28。其中辊压轮26可由同步皮带滚筒29带动，并且具有一系列沿其圆周均匀分布的外突冲头31。另一辊压轮27可由摩擦带动或由动力带动，并且具有一系列连续的周边槽32。冲头31及槽32的边33,34分别处于与辊压轮26,27各自轴垂直的平面中，并且应是锐制的刀边，可以在T字梁10通过辊压轮时从梁腹17中相互合作切割出切片28。
切片28的边缘36应与梁腹17主要部分切割断离并应与T字梁10的长轴平行。如沿与图1所示平面4a-4a相应之平面剖切的，如图4a所示，切片18的纵向端37与梁腹17主要部分仍保持连接。如图2a所示，在第一成型阶段，切片18的中央部位完全从梁腹17表面位移出。这样的切片成型在梁腹17表面上留下相应的切孔41。
图3所示为T字梁10通过一系列钉接成型工位中的第二个连续钉接成型工位。在该工位，一对相对的辊压轮43,44适当安装为可转动，且其各自轴相互平行并且与前述辊压轮26,27平行。其中辊压轮43由同步皮带滚筒45带动，并且与辊压轮26同步。沿辊压轮43圆周面配置一系列外突刀具46，并且其圆周间距应与辊压轮26上冲头31的圆周间距相同。相对的辊压轮44具有环形槽47，其宽度应与切片28的高度(亦即切片两边36的间距)相配。外突刀具或锤46成角度安排以使其能对准在经切割切片28而成的孔41周围的梁腹区域。
当辊压轮43滚动时，外突刀具或锤46压制孔41周围之梁腹区域，而另一辊压轮44作为支持这些区域和切片28的砧台。图3a所示为经过外突刀具或锤46锻打或压铸后的梁腹17及切片18区域。如图所示，由于切孔经压制后变小而切片28相应比孔41大，切片即形成永久的“钉接”从而防止梁腹元件21,22在钉接点连接处分离开。
在图4所示的下一个连续钉接成型工位，T字梁10从一对辊压轮51,52间穿过。辊压轮51,52适当安装为可绕其纵轴转动，该纵轴应与前述辊压轮26,27,43,44的轴平行。辊压轮51,52具圆柱形表面，它们的位置应能如图4A所示将切片28向梁腹表面压回。至少辊压轮51应由同步皮带滚筒53带动。
在图2及2A所示的钉接成型第一阶段中，梁腹17在钉接处的厚度至少是梁腹非钉接区域厚度的两倍，梁腹非钉接区域厚度为加工T字梁10所用带钢厚度的两倍。在图4及4A所示，钉接处在第三阶段被压平从而尽可能地减小厚度。切片28能被向梁腹17平面压平的程度部分取决于梁腹17原有的厚度。下表举例说明了不同厚度钢制T字梁在钉接后，梁腹的精加工经压平后的近似厚度。材料厚度(英寸)                       压平后厚度(英寸)
0.015/0.017       预涂漆钢材              0.042
0.013/0.015       预涂漆钢材              0.034
0.010/0.013       预涂漆钢材              0.026
梁腹17非钉接处的额定厚度为带钢材料厚度的两倍。对于较厚的带钢材料，钉接处经压平后的厚度不会比梁腹非钉接处厚度超过1/3。从图4a中可见，切片28的大部分被压回了其切出区域，包括压回到压平或压制区域和到孔41的其余部分。
在经过钉接压平辊压轮51,52后，所示的T字梁10将经过已知工艺的附加辊压成型加工以使其达到图1所示的截面形状。在此后的辊压成型加工或附加辊压成型加工中，用已知工艺即可解决由本发明钉接成型加工引起的T字梁卷边问题。
所公开的钉接23的相互紧密地间隔着且沿T字梁10全长分布。本钉接方法特别适用于下述T字梁形状，即安装完工后，在双梁腹和分叉的下凸缘之间转折处的弯曲带钢区域是可见的。钉接能防止在此转折处梁腹元件21,22和凸缘18的不可见的分离。而这种分离会出现在传统T字梁结构中，因为传统结构中，特别是在经过现场切割长度的T字梁末端，是不进行钉接的。现场切割会造成切割边缘处的局部变形，若不钉接，该变形会因为梁腹与凸缘元件间的裂缝而变得更明显。
所公开的辊压成型钉接加工特别适用于所公开的具一系列相对紧密分布的T字梁结构。因为按本发明，加工和固定后的钉接须经压平处理，它们即可分布在T字梁的任何位置，而无需考虑例如，T字梁末端加装连接器11的位置或者接入连接器时交叉孔57的位置。对于在工厂连接末端连接器11或在工地安装连接器而连接位置恰好存在钉接的情况，由压平钉接引起的最小梁腹厚度增加基本不会产生负面影响。辊压成型钉接加工的成本更低，因为不必确定钉接的纵向准确位置。
图5所示为具有本发明特别适用之截面的另一例T字梁10’。本发明同样适用于本专业已知的具有表面帽的双梁腹T字梁。
须指出的是，上述公开仅是举例而已，通过增加，修改或删除某些细节便可产生各种变化都落在本发明范围内。因此本发明不局限于上述公开的特定细节而为权利要求书所限定。

Claims (7)

1．一种用作悬挂顶板格栅的T字梁，包括由金属板折叠加工而成的纵向延伸梁体，其横截面具有一垂直延伸双梁腹和与梁腹成整体的一对分岔凸缘，其中梁腹具有两个各由一层金属板加工而成的元件，一对凸缘各与一个元件连接为一体；梁腹元件由整体形成的钉接紧贴接触锁在一起，其中各钉接点沿T字梁之全长有间距设置，通过从两梁腹元件中切割出一切片并将其切出梁腹平面到其一侧从而相应地留下一切孔，将T字梁材料作弹性位移从而使切片比梁腹上留下的切孔大因而防止切片回穿过切孔；同时，切片被压平回到梁腹平面从而使钉接处梁腹的厚度不会明显大于梁腹元件两紧贴金属板材所形成的梁腹额定厚度而形成钉接。
2．按照权利要求1的T字梁，其特征在于，由于切孔周围之梁腹材料经弹性挤压变形从而永久性缩小切孔大小并使切孔边缘之梁腹区域的厚度明显小于梁腹元件的原厚度，因此使所述的钉接切片大于切孔。
3．按照权利要求2的T字梁，其特征在于，所述的切片的形状由旋转冲头的形状决定。
4．按照权利要求2的T字梁，其特征在于，旋转刀具的采用使得T字梁材料产生弹性位移因而使切片大于切孔。
5．按照权利要求2的T字梁，其特征在于，可旋转表面的工作的采用使得切片在梁腹平面上成压平状态。
6．一种用作悬挂顶板格栅的经辊压加工而成的金属板材T字梁，包括，由单金属条经折叠加工而成的具有两个相对末端的细长梁体，由金属经折叠加工而成的具有两个梁腹元件的双梁腹，其中该梁腹元件各具下边缘以及从元件各自之下边缘伸出的一对相对延伸的下凸缘，梁腹具有用来安装交叉T字梁连接器的槽，沿梁腹长度整体形成的一系列钉接，梁腹元件经钉接靠近下边缘呈紧贴状固定，同样形状的钉接相对于梁体的末端随机规则地设置，切割两个梁腹元件而形成切片并首先位移出梁腹平面并留下一切孔，由可旋转刀具对T字梁材料做弹性变形以使切片大于切孔而不会回穿过切孔，由可旋转刀具以足够压力将切片压回并永久留在梁腹平面以使钉接处增加后的厚度不会明显大于非钉接处的厚度这样即形成钉接。
7．一种加工悬挂顶板格栅的T字梁的方法，包括，用辊压加工金属条形成具所需截面形状的细长T字梁具有由两个已涂层带钢元件构成的平面双梁腹和连接于各元件下边缘的分岔凸缘，梁腹元件经沿T字梁长度一体钉接而靠近下边缘呈紧贴状固定，钉接是由连续可旋转刀具经以下步骤加工而成，即切割两个梁腹元件而形成切片并首先位移出梁腹平面并在材料被切出处留下一切孔；由可旋转刀具对T字梁材料做压制以使钉接切孔小于切片而不会使切片回穿过切孔；由可旋转刀具将切片永久压回梁腹平面而压平钉接以使钉接处的最终厚度不会明显大于非钉接处的厚度1/3，其中上述可旋转刀具绕平行轴旋转且上述平行轴所在的平面垂直于T字梁之纵向而平行于梁腹平面。
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