CN121019491A

CN121019491A - Car windows and vehicles

Info

Publication number: CN121019491A
Application number: CN202511401295.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尚贵才; 欧阳星星; 郑金辉
Original assignee: Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2025-09-28
Filing date: 2025-09-28
Publication date: 2025-11-28

Abstract

This application provides a vehicle window glass and a vehicle. The vehicle window glass includes laminated glass and a heating element. The laminated glass has a wiper resting area, and the heating element is a planar heating element disposed in the wiper resting area. The heating element enables the wiper resting area to have a heating power density of 300W/ ^m² -1600W/ ^m² . Therefore, by using a planar heating element disposed in the bottom shielding area, the defrosting time can be shortened to a suitable time, achieving rapid defrosting, de-icing, and snow removal by the wipers.

Description

Window glass and vehicle

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of glass, in particular to vehicle window glass and a vehicle.

Background

In the automobile industry, particularly in high-latitude severe cold areas, in winter low-temperature environments, wiper blades are extremely easy to freeze together with front windshields, so that the functions of the wiper are invalid. This not only seriously affects the driver's field of view, but also poses a great threat to driving safety. At present, two main schemes for heating the front windshield wiper of the automobile are adopted. One is a screen printing silver paste heating scheme, which adopts a screen printing technology to coat silver-containing conductive solution (namely silver paste) on a shielding area at the bottom of glass, so as to realize a heating function. The other is an interlayer enameled wire heating scheme, wherein enameled wires are arranged on the glass interlayer to achieve the heating purpose. However, the thawing time of both current wire heating element solutions is greater than or equal to 20 minutes. The long defrosting time can not meet the requirement of rapid heating required by a shielding area at the bottom of the front windshield, so that the windscreen wiper still can not timely recover to normal work in severe cold weather, and driving safety is difficult to effectively guarantee.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a window glass and a vehicle, which are used for solving the technical problems in the background technology.

In order to solve the problems, in a first aspect, the application provides a vehicle window glass, which comprises laminated glass and a heating element, wherein the laminated glass is provided with a wiper stop zone, the heating element is a planar heating element, the heating element is arranged in the wiper stop zone, and the heating element can enable the wiper stop zone to have a heating power density of 300W/m ²-1600W/m².

Therefore, the window glass can shorten the thawing time from more than 20 minutes in the prior art to a proper time through the planar heating element arranged in the residence area of the wiper blade, so that the rapid defrosting, deicing, snow removing and the like of the wiper blade are realized, the stress concentration problem of the window glass caused by local hot spots is avoided through uniform heat distribution, the glass cracking risk is reduced, the combination of the planar structure and the laminated glass is firmer, the window glass can better adapt to complex environments such as vibration and the like in the running process of a vehicle, and the practical performance of the window glass in severe cold weather is enhanced.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the heating element is a graphene heating sheet.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the heating element comprises a first structural layer being a graphene layer and at least one second structural layer being a PI film or a PET film.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the first structural layer has a thickness of greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm, and/or the second structural layer has a thickness of less than or equal to 80 μm.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the heating element has a total thickness of less than or equal to 200 μm.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the laminated glass comprises a first glass sheet, a second glass sheet, and an interlayer between the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet, wherein the first glass sheet has first and second surfaces that are opposite, the second glass sheet has third and fourth surfaces that are opposite, the first and fourth surfaces being exterior surfaces of the laminated glass, and the heating element is disposed between or on the first and fourth surfaces.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the laminated glass further comprises a first adhesive layer for adhering the heating element to a corresponding surface of the laminated glass, the adhesion between the heating element and the first adhesive layer being greater than or equal to 140N/cm ².

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, when the heating element is located on the fourth surface, the laminated glass further comprises a second adhesive layer, and a side of the heating element facing away from the fourth surface is provided with a protective substrate, which is connected to the heating element by the second adhesive layer.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the protective substrate has a fifth surface and a sixth surface opposite to each other, the fifth surface being connected to the second adhesive layer, and the sixth surface being provided with a functional layer.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the intermediate layer is a multilayer structure, the heating element is located inside the intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer includes a first sub-layer, a heating element, and a second sub-layer that are sequentially disposed.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, when the operating voltage of 12-14 v is applied to the heating element, the resistance of the heating element is less than or equal to 10Ω.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, when the operating voltage of 40v to 52v is applied to the heating element, the resistance of the heating element is less than or equal to 120Ω.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the laminated glass further comprises a shielding region and a light-transmitting region, the shielding region surrounding the light-transmitting region, the shielding region comprising a bottom shielding region located below the light-transmitting region, the wiper residence region being located within the bottom shielding region.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the laminated glass further comprises a shielding layer forming the shielding region, the shielding layer being disposed on at least one of the second surface, the third surface, the fourth surface, and/or the intermediate layer.

In some possible embodiments of the first aspect, the ratio of the area occupied by the heating element to the area of the bottom shielding region is greater than or equal to 10%.

In a second aspect, the application provides a vehicle comprising a body and a glazing as described in the first aspect, wherein the glazing is connected to the body.

The window glass provided by the application has the advantages that the planar heating element is integrated in the windscreen wiper residence area, the thawing time can be greatly shortened from more than 20 minutes in the prior art by matching with the characteristics of graphene materials and the low-resistance design, the rapid defrosting and deicing of the windscreen wiper area can be efficiently realized, meanwhile, the planar structure of the heating element ensures the uniform distribution of heat, the problem of glass stress concentration caused by local overheating is avoided, the design of a neutron layer, an adhesive layer and the like of the laminated glass ensures the stable combination of the heating element and glass, the complex environments such as vehicle vibration, temperature change and the like are adapted, and the addition of the protective substrate and the functional layer further improves the durability and the visual field definition, and the practicability and the safety are considered.

The vehicle with the window glass realizes performance upgrading through cooperation of components, the adaptive design of the window glass and a vehicle body ensures that a heating function is matched with a vehicle body power supply system efficiently, the driving vision is guaranteed in a low-temperature environment, the driving safety is improved, and meanwhile, the low-energy-consumption characteristic of the window glass is adapted to the new energy vehicle endurance requirement, and the reliability of the vehicle in the working process is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the application, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a window glass according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heating element in some embodiments of the application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a laminated glass according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heating element in some embodiments of the present application at different positions of the laminated glass shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is another schematic view of the structure of a laminated glass according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of an interlayer of a laminated glass according to some embodiments of the present application;

Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a shielding layer in different positions of the laminated glass shown in fig. 3 according to some embodiments of the present application.

Reference numerals in the specific embodiments are as follows:

The window glass 100, the laminated glass 110, the heating element 120, the shielding region 130, the top shielding region 131, the left shielding region 132, the right shielding region 133, the bottom shielding region 134, the light transmitting region 140, the wiper stay region 150, the first structural layer 121, the second structural layer 122, the first glass sheet 111, the intermediate layer 112, the first sub-layer 1121, the second sub-layer 1122, the second glass sheet 113, the shielding layer 114, the first adhesive layer 115, the second adhesive layer 116, the protective substrate 117, the first surface a, the second surface b, the third surface c, the fourth surface d, the fifth surface e, and the sixth surface f.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present application, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above-described figures are used for distinguishing between different objects and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a window glass according to some embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments, the window glass 100 includes a laminated glass 110 and a heating element 120, the laminated glass 110 has a wiper blade retention area 150, the heating element 120 is a planar heating element, the heating element 120 is disposed in the wiper blade retention area 150, and the heating element can enable the wiper blade retention area to have a heating power density of 300W/m ²-1600W/m².

Therefore, the heating element 120 is arranged in the wiper stay region 150, so that uniform heating can be formed on the corresponding region of the wiper, the problem of uneven local heating in the traditional linear heating is avoided, the more comprehensive defrosting and deicing are ensured, and the heating element 120 is only arranged in the wiper stay region 150, so that the wiper stay region 150 is heated, the whole piece of the window glass 100 is not required to be heated, and unnecessary energy consumption is reduced.

Meanwhile, the heat diffusion efficiency of the planar heating element is higher than that of the traditional linear heating element, the heating power density of 300W/m ²-1600W/m² in the residence area of the windscreen wiper can be achieved, the thawing time can be shortened to be within a proper time from more than 20 minutes in the prior art, rapid defrosting, deicing, snow removing and the like of the windscreen wiper are achieved, the stress concentration problem of the windscreen 100 caused by local hot spots is avoided due to uniform heat distribution, the risk of glass cracking is reduced, the combination of the planar structure and the laminated glass 110 is firmer, the complex environments such as vibration in the running process of a vehicle can be better adapted, and the practical performance of the windscreen 100 in severe weather is enhanced.

Wherein the heating element 120 is capable of providing the wiper dwell zone 150 with a heating power density of 800W/m ²～1200W/m², such as 800W/m ²、950W/m²、1050W/m²、1200W/m², etc. The deicing requirement of low temperature environment is adapted to the scope, can be quickly deicing in a short time, and avoid freezing adhesion wiper.

In some embodiments, the heating element 120 can provide the wiper dwell zone 150 with a heating power density of 900W/m ²～1200W/m², such as 900W/m ²、1000W/m²、1100W/m²、1200W/m², or the like. This range is further optimized on the basis of 800W/m ²～1200W/m², and the window pane 100 of the present application can more rapidly defrost the wiper stay 150.

In some embodiments, the heating element 120 can provide the wiper dwell zone 150 with a heating power density of 300W/m ²～600W/m² or 1300W/m ²～1600W/m², such as 300W/m ²、500W/m²、1300W/m²、1600W/m², or the like. 300W/m ²、500W/m² is suitable for the defogging requirement of a wet area, the fog generated by overlarge temperature difference of glass can be avoided by moderate heating with high power, and thick ice and thick frost can be quickly melted with high power of 1300W/m ²、1600W/m², so that the normal starting of the windscreen wiper is ensured.

Therefore, the heating element 120 of the application can be suitable for various application scenes, and can be combined with different use fields Jing Xuqiu, and the heating element 120 can adjust the heating power density of the wiper stay area 150 to different degrees and gears, so that the corresponding demisting, deicing and defrosting effects are achieved.

In some embodiments, the heating element 120 is a graphene heating sheet, that is, the material of the heating element 120 is graphene, and the graphene has excellent thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, when the graphene is used as a planar heating element, rapid and uniform heating can be realized, so that the area of the wiper corresponding to the wiper stay area 150 can be heated synchronously, defrosting, deicing and snow removing can be completed efficiently, meanwhile, the graphene material has better flexibility, can better fit the curved surface or planar structure of the window glass 100, is more tightly combined with the laminated glass 110, adapts to the working conditions such as vibration in the running process of the vehicle, and improves the stability of the whole structure.

In addition, the graphene heating sheet has the advantages of thin thickness, light weight, small influence on the original structure and the mounting process of the vehicle window, high chemical stability, difficult oxidation or aging caused by temperature change and humidity influence, longer service life, long-term stable heating function, reduction of later maintenance cost and the like, and the total thickness and the weight of the vehicle window glass 100 are not obviously increased.

Therefore, by setting the material of the heating element 120 as graphene, on one hand, the rapid thawing of the windscreen wiper can be realized, and the thawing time can be shortened by 75%, that is, under the same environmental conditions and working conditions, the heating element adopted in the prior art needs more than or equal to 20 minutes to complete the thawing of the corresponding region of the windscreen wiper, while the planar graphene heating sheet disclosed by the application can shorten the thawing time by 75%, and on the other hand, the heating temperature can be controlled in a proper range, thereby being beneficial to reducing the energy consumption of the whole windscreen wiper.

It is understood that the heating element 120 may be any planar heating element with good electrical and thermal conductivity, which is not limited herein.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating element according to some embodiments of the application. In some embodiments, the heating element 120 has at least two structural layers, the heating element 120 includes a first structural layer 121 and at least one second structural layer 122, the first structural layer 121 is a graphene layer, and the second structural layer 122 is a PI film or a PET film, that is, the structure of the heating element 120 may be a graphene layer/PI film, a graphene layer/PET film, a PI film/graphene layer/PI film, a PET film/graphene layer/PET film, a PI film/graphene layer/PET film, a PET film/graphene layer/PI film, or the like.

The graphene layer is a core for realizing a heating function, excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the graphene layer can rapidly generate and conduct heat, but a single-layer graphene material is thinner, has limited mechanical strength and is easy to damage by external force, and a PI film (polyimide film) and a PET film (polyethylene terephthalate film) have good insulativity, temperature resistance and mechanical strength, so that the graphene layer can be effectively protected. The heating element 120 is of a multi-layer structure, so that the high-efficiency heating capacity of graphene can be reserved, the stability of the whole structure can be enhanced through film layer support, damage to the graphene layer due to vibration, friction and the like is avoided, and long-term reliability of a heating function is ensured.

Therefore, the insulating property of the PI film or the PET film can prevent the graphene layer from being short-circuited with other conductive parts of the vehicle window glass 100, so that the electricity safety is improved, and the mechanical protection effect of the film layer can prolong the service life of the heating element 120, thereby being suitable for complex working conditions and the like in the running process of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the first structural layer 121 is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm, that is, the thickness of the graphene layer is greater than 10 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm, so that the thinner graphene layer (less than or equal to 60 μm) can better adapt to the total requirement of the window glass 100, the total thickness of the glass is not significantly increased, the influence on the original structure, the installation size and the appearance flatness of the window is avoided, the bonding tightness of the heating element 120 and the glass is ensured, the thinner thickness can reduce the material consumption, the cost is controlled on the premise of ensuring the performance, the flexible design of the heating element 120 is facilitated, the shape of the wiper residence zone 150 is more easily adapted, the precise coverage is realized, the thickness of the graphene layer is limited to be greater than or equal to 10 μm, and the required heating power density cannot be achieved due to the excessive thinness of the graphene layer is avoided.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the first structural layer 121 is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm, that is, the thickness of the graphene layer is greater than 10 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm, and the thickness of the graphene layer (the first structural layer 121) is limited to be less than or equal to 50 μm, which is further optimized on the basis of less than or equal to 60 μm, wherein the thickness within 50 μm can more accurately adapt to the interlayer space of the laminated glass 110, gaps or protrusions between glass layers are not caused by the excessively thick heating element, the overall flatness and structural stability of the laminated glass are ensured, the high electrical and thermal conductivity of the graphene can be fully exerted at the thickness of 50 μm, the fine difference of the internal resistance of the material can be further reduced compared with the design of thinner 60 μm, the heat distribution is more uniform, the local hot spot risk is reduced, meanwhile, the thinner structure can accelerate the thermal response speed, the target heating temperature can be reached more quickly after being electrified, the effect of quick thawing is enhanced, and the effect is highly matched with the requirements of the quick recovery function of the windscreen wiper.

Therefore, limiting the thickness of the first structural layer 121 to 50 μm can further reduce the amount of graphene material, reduce the cost of raw materials on the premise of ensuring that the heating performance is not attenuated, and the lighter and thinner characteristics enable the flexibility of the heating element to be better, so that the heating element can be more flexibly attached to the complex curved surface or the special-shaped profile of the wiper stay zone 150, the mounting adaptability is improved, and meanwhile, the influence on the whole weight of the vehicle window is reduced.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the first structural layer 121 may be 30 μm to 50 μm, for example, 30 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, etc., where the thickness range can ensure the stable electric and thermal conductivity of the first structural layer 121 and can be well adapted to the interlayer structure of the laminated glass.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the first structural layer 121 may be 10 μm to 30 μm, such as 10 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, etc. The range further optimizes the material consumption, and the thinner thickness can be more suitable for the installation requirement of curved surfaces or special-shaped vehicle windows, and can accelerate the thermal response speed.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the second structural layer 122 is less than or equal to 80 μm, so that the thickness within 80 μm can avoid excessively increasing the total thickness of the heating element 120 by the second structural layer 122, ensure that the heating element 120 is more tightly combined with the laminated glass 110 without affecting the original thickness specification and the appearance flatness of the window glass 100, and meanwhile, the thickness of the second structural layer 122 set to 80 μm can meet the functional requirements of insulation protection and structural support, thereby not only providing stable mechanical protection for the first structural layer 121, resisting the influence of external forces such as vibration and friction, but also playing a good insulation role, preventing electric leakage or short circuit, and the thinner thickness can not hinder the conduction of heat from the first structural layer 121 to the glass, and ensuring the heat utilization efficiency.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the second structural layer 122 is less than or equal to 60 μm, where limiting the thickness of the second structural layer 122 to less than or equal to 60 μm is further optimized on the basis of less than or equal to 80 μm, where the thickness within 60 μm can more accurately adapt to the interlayer space of the laminated glass 110, the influence on the total thickness of the glass can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the thickness of 60 μm is sufficient to provide reliable mechanical support and insulation effects, while the thinner film layer can reduce the barrier of heat conduction, so that the heat generated by the first structural layer 121 can be more efficiently transferred to the glass, improving heating efficiency, and reducing the thickness of the second structural layer 122 to 60 μm can further reduce the film material consumption, reduce the material cost on the premise of ensuring that the protection function is not attenuated, make the flexibility of the heating element 120 better, can more conform to the curved or profiled contour of the wiper stop zone 150, improve the mounting suitability, and reduce the influence on the overall weight.

In some embodiments, the second structural layer 122 may have a thickness of 40 μm to 60 μm, such as 40 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, etc. Taking 40 μm as an example, the 40 μm further improves the flexibility of the heating element 120, and even if the wiper rest 150 is a shaped curved surface with a radius of curvature of 300mm, further close fitting can be achieved.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the second structural layer 122 may be 20 μm to 40 μm, such as 20 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, etc. This thickness range can reduce the influence on the total thickness of the glass to a greater extent.

In some embodiments, the total thickness of the heating element 120 is less than or equal to 200 μm, wherein when the heating element 120 is a three-layer structure, the heating element 120 includes one first structural layer 121 and two second structural layers 122, and the total thickness of the heating element 120 is set to be less than or equal to 200 μm, i.e., the total thickness of the first structural layer 121 and the two second structural layers 122 of the heating element 120 needs to be less than or equal to 200 μm.

The total thickness of the heating element 120 with the three-layer structure is limited to be less than or equal to 200 μm, so that the heating element 120 can be well adapted to the sandwich structure of the vehicle window glass 100, uneven stress, warpage or untight bonding between layers of the sandwich glass 110 caused by the over-thick heating element 120 can be avoided, meanwhile, the heat transfer path can be reduced, the thermal response efficiency is improved, the influence on the optical performance of the light-transmitting area 140 is small, the driving visual field is ensured to be clear, and the like.

In some embodiments, the total thickness of the heating element 120 may also be set to less than or equal to 150 μm, wherein when the heating element 120 is a three-layer structure, the total thickness of the heating element 120 is set to less than or equal to 150 μm, i.e., the total thickness of the first structural layer 121 and the two second structural layers 122 of the heating element 120 needs to be less than or equal to 150 μm.

The total thickness of the heating element 120 with the three-layer structure is limited to be less than or equal to 150 μm, which is further optimized on the basis of 200 μm, so that the interlayer stress of the laminated glass 110 can be further reduced, the heating element 120 and the glass are combined more tightly, the overall stability and the shock resistance of the glass are prevented from being influenced by the thickness problem, meanwhile, the heat transfer path is shortened by the thinner thickness, the heat response efficiency is improved, the heating and thawing of the corresponding area of the windscreen wiper can be realized more quickly, the influence on the optical performance of the light-transmitting area is smaller, and the driving vision is not disturbed. In addition, further reduction in the amount of material helps control costs and also allows the heating element 120 to be more lightweight.

In some embodiments, the total thickness of the three-layer structure heating element 120 may be 200 μm, for example, using a combination of "60 μm graphene layer (first structural layer 121), 70 μm PI film (second structural layer 122), and 70 μm PI film (second structural layer 122)", which can provide sufficient protection for the first structural layer 121 to ensure structural stability.

In some embodiments, the total thickness of the three-layer heating element 120 may be 120 μm to 150 μm, such as 120 μm, 135 μm, 150 μm, etc. Taking 120 μm as an example, a combination of a graphene layer of 40 μm, a PI film of 40 μm and a PI film of 40 μm can be adopted, and the material consumption is correspondingly reduced, so that the cost of raw materials is further reduced.

In some embodiments, the total thickness of the three-layer heating element 120 may also be 80 μm to 120 μm, such as 80 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, etc. This range further improves the flexibility and mounting suitability of the element to make it more conformable to the glazing.

Thus, when the current is applied for 5 minutes under the conditions that the ambient temperature is 25 ℃ and the working voltage is 14V, the graphene heating sheet is arranged in the wiper stop zone 150 of the window glass 100, the highest temperature of the wiper stop zone 150 is less than or equal to 70 ℃, and the lowest temperature is greater than or equal to 40 ℃.

The highest temperature of the wiper stay region 150 is less than or equal to 70 ℃, so that the problem of stress concentration of the vehicle window glass 100 caused by local overheating of the wiper stay region 150 is avoided, the risk of glass cracking is reduced, the safety is ensured, and the lowest temperature of the wiper stay region 150 is greater than or equal to 40 ℃, so that the functions of defrosting, deicing and snow removing can be ensured.

In some embodiments, experiments prove that when the electric current is conducted for 5 minutes under the conditions that the ambient temperature is-20 ℃, the window glass 100 is covered with an ice layer of 0.045mm and the working voltage is 14V, the heating element 120 (for example, a graphene heating sheet) is arranged in the wiper stop area 150 of the window glass 100, and the defrosting area of the wiper stop area 150 is greater than or equal to 80%. Therefore, the heating element 120 is arranged at the corresponding position on the window glass 100, so that the windscreen wiper stay area 150 can be quickly defrosted and deicing, and the use requirement of the windscreen wiper can be met.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a laminated glass according to some embodiments of the present application. The laminated glass 110 includes a first glass plate 111, a second glass plate 113, and an intermediate layer 112 between the first glass plate 111 and the second glass plate 113, wherein the first glass plate 111 has a first surface a and a second surface b that are opposite, and the second glass plate 113 has a third surface c and a fourth surface d that are opposite, the first surface a and the fourth surface d being outer surfaces of the laminated glass 110.

Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heating element at different positions of the laminated glass shown in fig. 3 according to some embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments, the heating element 120 is disposed between the first surface a and the fourth surface d or on the fourth surface d. The heating element 120 is disposed inside the intermediate layer 112 as shown in part (1) of fig. 4, the heating element 120 is disposed on the second surface b as shown in part (2) of fig. 4, the heating element 120 is disposed on the third surface c as shown in part (3) of fig. 4, and the heating element 120 is disposed on the fourth surface d as shown in part (4) of fig. 4.

The heating element 120 may be flexibly disposed inside the intermediate layer 112, or on the second surface b, the third surface c, and the fourth surface d, when the heating element 120 is disposed inside the intermediate layer 112, the intermediate layer 112 may be used to isolate external dust and the like, so as to avoid erosion of the heating element 120, and when the heating element 120 is disposed on the surface, it is more convenient to repair and maintain, and the heat is more directly applied to the glass and the wiper area.

With continued reference to fig. 4, in some embodiments, as shown in portions (2), (3) and (4), when the heating element is positioned on the second surface b, the third surface c or the fourth surface d, the laminated glass 110 further includes a first adhesive layer 115, and the heating element 120 is connected to the corresponding surface by the first adhesive layer 115.

The first adhesive layer 115 is used as a connection medium, and can fill a small gap between the heating element 120 and the surface, so as to ensure close adhesion of the two, and avoid reduction of heat conduction efficiency or friction damage during vibration caused by contact failure, and the materials of the first adhesive layer 115 include polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyurethane, ionic copolymer, OCA optical adhesive, SCA optical adhesive, OCR optical transparent resin, and the like.

Therefore, the first adhesive layer 115 can enhance the bonding strength between the heating element 120 and the glass surface, prevent the heating element 120 from falling off due to jolt and vibration during the running of the vehicle, and meanwhile, the first adhesive layer 115 can form a certain buffer protection for the heating element 120, reduce the direct influence of external impact on the heating element 120, prolong the service life, and further ensure the connection reliability of the heating element under different temperature conditions by virtue of the material characteristics of the adhesive layer, and form a fit with the flexibility of multi-position installation, thereby improving the practicability of the whole structure.

In some embodiments, the first adhesive layer 115 is used to adhere the heating element 120 to a corresponding surface of the laminated glass 110, and the adhesion between the heating element 120 and the first adhesive layer 115 is greater than or equal to 140N/cm ². That is, the connection between the heating element 120 and the first adhesive layer 115 requires a bonding force of at least 140N per unit area to resist the stress caused by vibration, impact and temperature change during the running of the vehicle, and prevent the heating element 120 from loosening or falling off the corresponding surface. Therefore, the high-strength adhesive force can ensure that the heating element 120 forms a firm whole with the first adhesive layer 115 and the corresponding surface, and can avoid displacement, edge tilting and the like of the heating element 120 even in dynamic environments such as long-term jolt, complex road conditions and the like, and secondly, the tight connection can eliminate gaps and bubbles, reduce thermal resistance in the heat transfer process, enable heat to be more efficiently conducted to the window glass 100, and ensure quick defrosting, deicing and the like.

In some embodiments, the bond between the heating element 120 and the first adhesive layer 115 may be 140N/cm ²～180N/cm², e.g., 150N/cm ²、165N/cm²、180N/cm², etc. The range can resist the conventional vibration and temperature change in the running process of the vehicle, and the heating element is ensured to be firmly attached.

In some embodiments, the bond between the heating element 120 and the first adhesive layer 115 may be 180N/cm ²～220N/cm², such as 190N/cm ²、200N/cm²、220N/cm², or the like. Wherein, the binding power of 200N/cm ² further ensures the stability of the heating element in long-term use, and prolongs the service life of the heating element 120.

Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic view of another structure of a laminated glass according to some embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments, when the heating element 120 is located on the fourth surface d, the laminated glass 110 further includes a second adhesive layer 116, and a side of the heating element 120 facing away from the fourth surface d is provided with a protective substrate 117, and the protective substrate 117 is connected to the heating element 120 through the second adhesive layer 116.

The second adhesive layer 116 and the protective substrate 117 are disposed on a side of the heating element 120 away from the fourth surface d, the protective substrate 117 is fixedly connected with the heating element 120 through the second adhesive layer 116, and a protective barrier is added to the heating element 120 exposed outside, wherein the second adhesive layer 116 is responsible for ensuring the tight combination of the protective substrate 117 and the heating element 120, and the protective substrate 117 plays a role in protection.

Therefore, on one hand, the protective substrate 117 can effectively isolate external dust and other pollutants, prevent the heating element 120 from being degraded in conductivity or corroded and damaged due to contact with impurities, resist direct impact of external force scraping and collision on the heating element, prevent the heating effect from being affected by mechanical damage such as scratch or puncture of sharp objects, and prolong the service life of the heating element, on the other hand, the tight connection of the second adhesive layer 116 can eliminate gaps between the protective substrate 117 and the heating element 120, enhance the stability of the whole structure, and avoid looseness and the like caused by vibration in running of a vehicle.

The second adhesive layer 116 is made of at least one material selected from polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyurethane, ionic copolymer, OCA optical adhesive, SCA optical adhesive, and OCR optical transparent resin, and the protective substrate 117 is made of soda lime glass, high alumina glass, lithium aluminum glass, borosilicate glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, or the like.

Wherein the adhesion force between the second adhesive layer 116 and the protective substrate 117 is greater than or equal to 140N/cm ². That is, the connection between the second adhesive layer 116 and the protective substrate 117 requires a bonding force of at least 140N per unit area to resist the stress caused by vibration, impact and temperature change during the running of the vehicle, and to prevent the second adhesive layer 116 from loosening or falling off the protective substrate 117.

Please continue to refer to fig. 5. In some embodiments, the protective substrate 117 has a fifth surface e and a sixth surface f opposite to each other, where the fifth surface e is connected to the second adhesive layer 116, and the sixth surface f is provided with a functional layer, and the functional film layer includes an AF layer, a hydrophobic film layer, an antiglare film layer, a reflection enhancing film, or an oleophobic film layer, etc.

Wherein, the functional layer is attached to the outer surface of the protective substrate 117 through a specific process, and imparts additional functions to the functional layer by means of material characteristics, for example, the AF layer (anti-fingerprint layer) can reduce the adhesion of oil stains, the hydrophobic/hydrophobic film layer can allow rainwater to rapidly slide down, and the anti-glare film layer can reduce strong light reflection, etc.

Therefore, the functional layer directly acts on the outer surface of the protective substrate 117, so that the influence of external pollutants (such as fingerprints, greasy dirt and rainwater) on the protective substrate 117 can be reduced, the surface is kept clean, the cleaning frequency is reduced, the light reflection problem can be improved by the anti-dazzle film layer and the like, the interference of strong light on the sight of a driver is reduced, the driving safety is improved, the protective effect of the protective substrate 117 on the heating element 120 is not influenced by the setting of the functional layer, and the dual effects of protection and function reinforcement are realized.

Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an interlayer of a laminated glass according to some embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments, the intermediate layer 112 is a multi-layer structure, the heating element 120 is located inside the intermediate layer 112, the intermediate layer includes a first sub-layer 1121, a heating element 120, and a second sub-layer 1122 sequentially disposed, and the material of the first sub-layer 1121 and the second sub-layer 1122 is PVB.

When the heating element 120 is located inside the interlayer 112, the interlayer 112 adopts a multi-layer structure, the heating element 120 is sandwiched between two layers of PVB materials, and the two layers of PVB materials are tightly combined with the first sub-layer 1121 and the second sub-layer 1122 through the bonding property of PVB, so as to form a stable sandwich structure.

Therefore, the PVB material has excellent cohesiveness and flexibility, can firmly wrap the heating element 120 and avoid displacement of the heating element during vibration or temperature change of vehicle running, is a material of the interlayer 112 commonly used for the laminated glass 110, and can enable heat generated by the heating element 120 to be efficiently conducted to the glass through PVB, so that stable exertion of a heating function is ensured.

In some embodiments, when the heating element 120 is applied with an operating voltage of 12v to 14v, the resistance of the heating element 120 is less than or equal to 10Ω, where the resistance of the heating element 120 refers to the resistance of the heating element 120 to the passage of current, and the resistance directly affects the current intensity passing through the heating element 120 and the amount of heat generated, and in the power supply environment of the vehicle, a suitable resistance value can enable the heating element 120 to pass through a suitable current, so as to generate heat efficiently.

Therefore, the lower resistance can enable the heating element 120 to generate more heat under the same voltage, so that rapid heating is realized, the thawing time of the windscreen wiper is further shortened, the electric energy transmission loss is reduced, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the energy consumption of the whole vehicle is reduced, and meanwhile, the stable work of the heating element 120 is ensured.

In some embodiments, when the heating element 120 is applied with an operating voltage of 12v to 14v, the resistance of the heating element 120 may be 6Ω to 10Ω, for example 6Ω,8Ω, 9Ω, etc., and the resistance in this range can ensure the heating efficiency and avoid the burden of the circuit caused by excessive current.

In some embodiments, when the heating element 120 is applied with an operating voltage of 12v to 14v, the resistance of the heating element 120 may be 3 Ω to 6 Ω, such as 3 Ω, 4.5 Ω,5 Ω, etc. The 3 omega resistor has higher power under the voltage of 14V, and can realize the defrosting of the wiper stay area in a short time under a low-temperature environment.

In some embodiments, the resistance of the heating element 120 is less than or equal to 5Ω, so that in the environment of vehicle power supply, the resistance is further reduced to enable the passing current to be larger, and according to joule's law, more heat is generated in the same time, so that a heating target can be realized more quickly, for example, in a low-temperature environment, a windscreen wiper or glass can be defrosted and deiced quickly, emergency response efficiency is improved, meanwhile, stable current output can enable a heating process to be more uniform, local overheat risk is reduced, stability of a heating effect is guaranteed, service life of the heating element 120 is prolonged, and requirements of quick start and safe running of a vehicle under severe cold and other extreme conditions can be met.

In some embodiments, when the operating voltage of 40 v-52 v is applied to the heating element 120, the resistance of the heating element 120 is less than or equal to 120Ω. The high-voltage fit of 40V-52V is smaller than or equal to 120 omega resistance, and even when the lowest voltage is 40V and the maximum resistance is 120 omega, the heating power is still enough to meet the basic requirements of defogging and deicing in a wiper stay area.

In some embodiments, when the operating voltage of 40v to 52v is applied to the heating element 120, the resistance of the heating element 120 may be 80 Ω to 120 Ω, for example 80 Ω, 100 Ω, 110 Ω, etc.

In some embodiments, when the operating voltage of 40v to 52v is applied to the heating element 120, the resistance of the heating element 120 may be 50 Ω to 80 Ω, such as 50 Ω, 65 Ω, 75 Ω, etc., which can still meet the deicing requirements of the defogging and wiper residence area.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the laminated glass 110 includes a shielding region 130 and a light-transmitting region 140, the shielding region 130 surrounds the light-transmitting region 140, the shielding region 130 includes a bottom shielding region 134 below the light-transmitting region 140, and the wiper rest region 150 is located in the bottom shielding region 134.

Wherein, the laminated glass 110 forms a shielding area 130 and a light transmission area 140 through the design of functional partition, the light transmission area 140 is used as a core visual field area, so as to ensure clear observation during driving, the wiper stop area 150 is positioned in the bottom shielding area 134, the heating element 120 adopts a planar structure and is arranged in the wiper stop area 150 of the bottom shielding area 134, is matched with the spatial characteristics of the area, and utilizes the non-light transmission area of the bottom shielding area 134, so that the light transmission area 140 is prevented from being occupied, and the sight and the appearance are not influenced while the heating function is realized.

It should be noted that the shielding region 130 further includes a top shielding region 131 above the light-transmitting region 140, a left shielding region 132 on the left side of the light-transmitting region 140, and a right shielding region 133 on the right side of the light-transmitting region 140.

Thus, four shielding regions of the top shielding region 131, the left shielding region 132, the right shielding region 133, and the bottom shielding region 134 may be disposed around the light transmitting region 140.

The visible light transmittance of the shielding area 130 is less than or equal to 7%, and the visible light transmittance of the light transmitting area 140 is greater than or equal to 70%, so that the low transmittance of the shielding area 130 can effectively shield the edges of the glass from direct sunlight, prevent the edges of the glass from aging and cracking due to long-term irradiation of light, prolong the service life of the sealing performance of the window glass 100, and meanwhile, the low light transmittance can hide the structures such as lines, connecting pieces and the like around the window, so as to improve the appearance cleanliness of the whole vehicle, and the high transmittance of the light transmitting area 140 ensures clear vision in the driving process, meets the basic requirements of safe driving of the vehicle on the light transmittance, and ensures that a driver can accurately observe road conditions.

Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a structure of a shielding layer at different positions of the laminated glass shown in fig. 3 according to some embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments, the laminated glass 110 further includes a shielding layer 114, where the shielding layer 114 forms the shielding region 130, and the laminated glass 110 is composed of a multi-layer structure, and the shielding layer 114 is a functional structure specifically used for forming the shielding region 130, and the shielding layer 114 may be a material layer disposed in the laminated glass 110 through a printing or pasting process, and the material may be selected from dark ink, an opaque polymer film, a dimming film, or the like, which is opaque or low light. When the shielding layer 114 is formed according to a predetermined shape and integrated into the laminated glass 110, the covered area becomes the shielding area 130, which can play roles of shielding the view, preventing direct ultraviolet radiation, etc., while the area not covered by the shielding layer 114 forms the light-transmitting area 140, thereby meeting the normal lighting and vision requirements.

Wherein the shielding layer 114 may be disposed on at least one of the second surface b, the third surface c, and the fourth surface d, and/or disposed on the intermediate layer 112. The shielding layer 114 is disposed on the second surface b as shown in part (1) of fig. 7 or inside the intermediate layer 112 of the laminated glass 110, the shielding layer 114 is disposed on the third surface c of the laminated glass 110 as shown in part (2) of fig. 7, and the shielding layer 114 is disposed on the fourth surface b of the laminated glass 110 as shown in part (3) of fig. 7.

Therefore, the shielding layer 114 may be flexibly disposed on at least one of the second surface b, the third surface c, and the fourth surface d, and/or disposed on the intermediate layer 112, where the shielding layer 114 disposed on the surface is convenient for later detection and repair, and the structure embedded in the intermediate layer 112 can avoid damage to the shielding layer 114 caused by external friction, thereby prolonging the service life of the shielding layer 114, and meanwhile, the multi-position selectable design can adjust the position of the shielding layer 114 according to the curved shape, thickness, and other parameters of the window glass 100, so as to ensure that the edge of the shielding region 130 is neat and smooth with the transition of the light-transmitting region 140.

In some embodiments, the ratio of the area occupied by the heating element 120 to the area of the bottom shielding region 134 is greater than or equal to 10%. I.e., the ratio of the area of the heating element 120 itself (i.e., the amount of space it occupies) to the overall area of the bottom shielding region 134, is 10% or more. For example, if the total area of the bottom shielding region 134 is 100 square centimeters, then the area of the heating element 120 needs to be at least 10 square centimeters (100 square centimeters by 10%) to meet this defined requirement.

By ensuring that the heating element 120 occupies a sufficient proportion in the bottom shielding region 134, it is ensured that the heating element can cover a critical portion of a corresponding region of the wiper, providing a basis for rapid and effective defrosting and deicing, if the heating range is too small, the main contact region of the wiper and the glass may not be covered, resulting in partial frost remaining, and difficulty in achieving normal operation of the wiper.

Wherein, the area occupation ratio of 10% or more can ensure that the heating range is matched with the area of the windscreen wiper which is actually required to be defrosted, and the heating effect is ensured to cover the main contact area of the windscreen wiper, thereby reliably realizing the functions of defrosting, deicing and snow removing; secondly, the proportional design not only avoids the insufficient heating efficiency caused by the too small area of the heating element 120, but also does not need to completely cover the bottom shielding region 134, reduces the material consumption of the heating element 120 on the premise of meeting the functional requirement, and is beneficial to control the cost, and meanwhile, the reasonable area occupation ratio is combined with the uniform heating characteristic of the planar heating element, so that the temperature distribution of the bottom shielding region 134 is more balanced, and the stability of the heating effect is further improved.

Accordingly, by ensuring the coverage scale of the heating element 120 in the bottom shielding region 134, effective heating of the corresponding region of the wiper blade is achieved, and the effect of defrosting and deicing is prevented from being affected by residual frost caused by local unheated part due to the too small coverage area.

In some embodiments, the ratio of the area occupied by the heating element 120 to the area of the bottom shielding region 134 may be 10% -30%, such as 15%, 20%, 25%, etc.

In some embodiments, the area ratio may also be 30% -50%, such as 35%, 40%, 45%, etc.

Referring to table 1, the present application provides 10 experimental data to verify the improvement of the heating effect of the window glass of the present application on the bottom shielding region. The 1 st to 6 th groups of experimental data are experimental data of the heating effect of the window glass provided by the application on the bottom shielding region, the 7 th to 10 th groups of experimental data are experimental data of the heating effect of the window glass provided by the application, the thickness of the graphene layer of which is outside the required range, the 1 st, 7 th and 9 th groups of experimental data are the heating power density of the bottom shielding region measured and calculated after the power supply is 14V, the 2 nd and 6 th groups of experimental data are the heating power density of the bottom shielding region measured and calculated after the power supply is 14V, the 3 rd and 5 th groups of experimental data are the heating power density of the bottom shielding region measured and calculated after the power supply is 48V, and the 4 th, 8 th and 10 th groups of experimental data are the heating power density of the bottom shielding region measured and calculated after the power supply is 48V.

The heating power density is the power generated by the heating element with a unit area under the power supply of 14V or 48V, namely the heating power obtained in each square centimeter (or square meter) area in the bottom shielding area 134, and is an index for measuring the heating capability of the heating element in the area.

The first glass plate 111 has a shielding layer 114 on one side, the interlayer 112 above the bottom shielding region 134 is 0.76mm thick PVB, and in the bottom shielding region 134, the interlayer 112 has a first sub-layer 1121 with a thickness of 0.38mm, followed by a graphene heating sheet with a thickness of 150 μm, and then a second sub-layer 1122 with a thickness of 0.23mm, and finally the first sub-layer is combined with the second glass plate 113, i.e. in this structure, the graphene heating sheet is disposed in a corresponding region of the bottom shielding region 134 inside the interlayer 112 of the glass window 100.

The second structure of the window glass specifically comprises a shielding layer 114, an intermediate layer 112 with the thickness of 0.76mm, a second glass plate 113, a first bonding layer 115 and a 150 μm graphene heating sheet, namely, in the structure, the graphene heating sheet is arranged in a corresponding area of the bottom shielding area 134 on the fourth surface d of the window glass 100.

The total thickness of the graphene heating sheets of the first and second structures is 150 μm, but the thickness of the first structure layer (graphene layer) of the graphene heating sheet may be selected to be different in different embodiments, for example, the thickness of the graphene layer of the first structure is 40 μm in the experiment of the 1 st group, the thickness of the graphene layer of the second structure of the 2 nd group is 50 μm, the thickness of the graphene layer of the first structure of the 3 rd group is 20 μm, and the values fall within a reasonable range of 10 μm to 60 μm.

Table 1 experimental results of heating of graphene heating sheets in bottom shielding areas.

From the experimental data of groups 1 to 6 in Table 1, it is known that under the first and second structures of the window glass of the present application, when the thickness of the graphene layer is within the range of 10 μm to 60 μm, the heating power density of the wiper stay region can be stabilized within the interval 950W/m ²～1103W/m² regardless of whether the power supply is 14V or 48V.

In contrast, as shown in the experimental data of the 7 th to 10 th groups in table 1, when the thickness of the graphene layer exceeds the range of 10 μm to 60 μm, the thickness of the graphene layer in the 7 th to 10 th groups is not within the set thickness range of the present application, so that when the thickness of the graphene layer is 9 μm, the heating power density is reduced to 225.05W/m ² (14V power supply, structure one) and 294.46W/m ² (48V power supply, structure two), neither is within the limited heating power range 300W/m ²-1600W/m² of the present application, and the heating power density is increased to 1700W/m ² (14V power supply, structure one) and 3500W/m ² (48V power supply, structure two), and when the thickness is 80 μm, the corresponding heating power densities are too high, and exceed the range of the heating power density defined by the present application. When the heating power density is too high, the heating temperature of the wiper stay area is too high and exceeds the hot spot temperature, so that the driving safety is affected.

Therefore, when the thicknesses of the graphene layers in the heating elements of the window glass 100 of the first and second structures are within the limit range of the application under the condition of different power supplies, the corresponding heating power densities are both at a higher level and within the limit range of the heating power densities, so that the window glass can completely defrost and deicing the wiper residence area in a short time, the requirement of quickly thawing the wiper can be met, and the driving safety is ensured.

In some embodiments, the vehicle comprises a body and a glazing as in any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the glazing is connected to the body.

Therefore, the heating function (graphene heating plate) of the windshield wiper stay area 150 of the windshield glass and the power supply system of the vehicle body work cooperatively, so that quick defrosting and deicing under a low-temperature environment are ensured, clear driving vision is ensured, and the practicability and reliability of the vehicle are improved.

In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for parts of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments. The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more detailed description of embodiments of the application, wherein the principles and embodiments of the application are explained in detail using specific examples, the above examples being provided solely to facilitate the understanding of the method and core concepts of the application; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will vary in the specific embodiments and application scope according to the idea of the present application, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the present application in summary. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the above embodiments should be included in the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle window glass, characterized in that the vehicle window glass includes laminated glass and a heating element, the laminated glass having a wiper resting area, the heating element being a planar heating element, and the heating element being disposed in the wiper resting area;

The heating element enables the wiper stop area to have a heating power density of 300W/ ^m² - 1600W/ ^m² .

2. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the heating element is a graphene heating sheet.

3. The vehicle window glass according to claim 2, wherein the heating element comprises a first structural layer and at least one second structural layer, the first structural layer being a graphene layer and the second structural layer being a PI film or a PET film.

4. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, characterized in that the thickness of the first structural layer is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm; and/or

The thickness of the second structural layer is less than or equal to 80 μm.

5. The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, wherein the total thickness of the heating element is less than or equal to 200 μm.

6. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the laminated glass comprises a first glass plate, a second glass plate, and an intermediate layer located between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, wherein the first glass plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the second glass plate has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other, and the first surface and the fourth surface are the outer surfaces of the laminated glass.

The heating element is disposed between the first surface and the fourth surface or on the fourth surface.

7. The vehicle window glass according to claim 6, wherein the laminated glass further comprises a first adhesive layer, the first adhesive layer being used to bond the heating element to the corresponding surface of the laminated glass, and the adhesive force between the heating element and the first adhesive layer being greater than or equal to 140 N/ ^cm² .

8. The vehicle window glass according to claim 6, wherein when the heating element is located on the fourth surface, the laminated glass further includes a second adhesive layer, a protective substrate is provided on the side of the heating element away from the fourth surface, and the protective substrate is connected to the heating element through the second adhesive layer.

9. The vehicle window glass according to claim 8, wherein the protective substrate has a fifth surface and a sixth surface facing away from each other, the fifth surface is connected to the second adhesive layer, and a functional layer is provided on the sixth surface.

10. The vehicle window glass according to claim 6, wherein the intermediate layer has a multi-layer structure, the heating element is located inside the intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer includes a first sub-layer, a heating element and a second sub-layer arranged sequentially.

11. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein when the heating element is subjected to an operating voltage of 12V to 14V, the resistance of the heating element is less than or equal to 10Ω.

12. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein when the heating element is subjected to a working voltage of 40V to 52V, the resistance of the heating element is less than or equal to 120Ω.

13. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the laminated glass further includes a shielding area and a light-transmitting area, the shielding area surrounding the light-transmitting area, the shielding area including a bottom shielding area located below the light-transmitting area, and the wiper resting area located within the bottom shielding area.

14. The vehicle window glass according to claim 13, wherein the laminated glass further comprises a shielding layer, the shielding layer forming the shielding area, the shielding layer being disposed on at least one of the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface, and/or disposed on the intermediate layer.

15. The vehicle window glass according to claim 13, wherein the ratio of the area occupied by the heating element to the area of the bottom shielding area is greater than or equal to 10%.

16. A vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a body and a window glass as described in any one of claims 1-15, wherein the window glass is connected to the body.