CN120937712A - Method and equipment for manufacturing seedling raising matrix by utilizing agricultural drying tailings - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and equipment for producing seedling substrate using agricultural drying waste, belonging to the field of seedling substrate production technology. This invention integrates five major stages—crushing, precise metering, homogenous mixing, continuous drying, and drum fermentation—into a single frame. Materials flow unidirectionally along a closed conveyor path, eliminating the need for frequent manual handling between different devices. The entire process, from waste material feeding to fermentation discharge, is completed within a closed system and can be directly connected to an automated packaging line. This reduces dust emission and nitrogen volatilization during transportation, saves time and space occupied by repeated loading and unloading, and significantly improves environmental cleanliness and production safety. Each weighing hopper uses a force-sensitive resistor to monitor the material's quality in real time. The controller uses weight feedback to adjust the servo motor-driven dispensing screw in a closed loop, correcting errors instantly to ensure stable subsequent fermentation and consistent physicochemical properties of the finished product.

Description

Method and equipment for manufacturing seedling raising matrix by utilizing agricultural drying tailings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling substrate manufacturing, in particular to a method and equipment for manufacturing a seedling substrate by utilizing agricultural drying tailings.

Background

The existing agricultural tailings (straw, rice husk, sawdust, livestock manure and the like) are subjected to a plurality of decentralized processing flows of crushing, airing, manual batching and pile fermentation, wherein the tailings are firstly processed by a plurality of independent crushers and then are naturally air-dried in the open air or in a simple shed, and the drying degree is judged by experience and the fluctuation of the water content is large. Then, operators manually weigh and put the raw materials into the mixing tank according to experience or volume ratio, so that the precision is low, the proportion difference between different batches is obvious, and the physicochemical properties of the seedling culture matrix are difficult to stabilize. After the manual batching is finished, the raw materials are loaded and transported to a fermentation area, secondary pollution and nutrient loss are easily caused by repeated transportation during the process, and the fermentation stage relies on manual turning and timed spraying of a fermenting agent, so that the turning frequency is too low and the depth is uneven, and local hypoxia, heating and uncontrolled and incomplete fermentation are often caused. The whole process has high energy consumption, high labor intensity, serious environmental dust and peculiar smell and poor product consistency, and is difficult to meet the requirements of modern seedling culture on clean, accurate and efficient use base.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical scheme is that the equipment for manufacturing seedling raising substrates by utilizing agricultural drying tailings comprises four batching frames fixedly installed on a batching frame connecting plate and four crushing barrel supports, two symmetrically arranged conveying side baffles are fixedly installed on each batching frame, a top conveying belt and a bottom conveying belt are rotatably installed between the two conveying side baffles, wherein the bottom conveying belt is arranged below the top conveying belt, heating units are embedded in the top conveying belt and the bottom conveying belt, a weighing barrel is arranged above the top conveying belt, a weighing lower pressing ring is fixedly sleeved on the circumferential surface of the weighing barrel, the weighing lower pressing ring is arranged on the weighing supporting ring in a lap joint mode, the weighing supporting ring is sleeved on the weighing barrel in a sliding mode, and a force-sensitive resistor is arranged between the weighing supporting ring and the weighing lower pressing ring in a lap joint mode, and the weighing supporting ring is fixed above one end, close to the batching frame connecting plate, of the top conveying belt in a lap joint mode.

Preferably, one end of the bottom conveyor belt, which is far away from the batching frame connecting plate, is provided with a conveying middle baffle plate, which is used for shielding materials, and the conveying middle baffle plate is fixedly arranged between the two conveying side baffle plates.

Preferably, the inside coaxial rotation of weighing barrel is provided with the conveying rotary disk, and conveying rotary disk rotary mounting is on conveying rotary disk support, and conveying rotary disk support fixed mounting is on the inner wall of weighing barrel, and conveying rotary motor is fixed to the lower surface of conveying rotary disk support, and conveying rotary motor's output shaft and conveying rotary disk fixed cooperation for drive conveying rotary disk rotate on conveying rotary disk support.

The weighing barrel comprises a weighing barrel, wherein a plurality of weighing barrels are arranged on the weighing barrel, a plurality of crushing barrels are arranged on the weighing barrel, the crushing barrels are fixedly arranged on corresponding crushing barrel supports, the bottom ends of the crushing barrels are fixedly communicated with an ingredient supply pipe with a horizontal axis, one end of each ingredient supply pipe, far away from the crushing barrel, is positioned right above the axis of the weighing barrel, an ingredient servo motor is fixedly arranged on each crushing barrel support, an output shaft of each ingredient servo motor extends to the inner side of each ingredient supply pipe, and an ingredient screw rod fixed with the output shaft of each ingredient servo motor is rotatably arranged inside each ingredient supply pipe.

Preferably, a sealing cover plate is fixedly buckled at the bottom of the crushing barrel, a feed inlet is formed in the sealing cover plate, a shaft tube is rotatably arranged at the axis position of the sealing cover plate, the shaft tube is rotatably sleeved on the circumferential surface of the main shaft, a plurality of crushing cutters are rotatably arranged at the bottom end of the shaft tube, a discharge screw is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the main shaft, and the discharge screw is arranged in a connecting channel of the crushing barrel and the ingredient supply pipe and used for conveying materials in the crushing barrel.

Preferably, the top end of the shaft tube extends to the upper surface of the sealing cover plate, the top end of the shaft tube is fixedly provided with a transmission belt pulley, the top end of the main shaft extends to the upper side of the transmission belt pulley, a switching permanent magnet wheel disc is sleeved on the top end of the main shaft in a spline sliding mode, tooth shapes which can be meshed with each other are arranged between the opposite surfaces of the switching permanent magnet wheel disc and the transmission belt pulley, an electromagnet which is magnetically matched with the switching permanent magnet wheel disc is arranged above the switching permanent magnet wheel disc, the electromagnet is overhead and fixed on the sealing cover plate, the corresponding transmission belt pulleys on each sealing cover plate are synchronously connected through transmission belts, a crushing driving motor is further overhead and fixedly arranged on the material mixing frame connecting plate through two crushing barrel brackets, and an output shaft of the crushing driving motor is in transmission connection with the transmission belt for driving the four transmission belt pulleys to rotate.

Preferably, all the proportioning frames are fixedly arranged on the frame, the fermentation barrel is rotatably arranged on the frame, a feeding port is arranged on the fermentation barrel, a discharging gear is fixedly arranged at the rotary connection position of the fermentation barrel and the frame, a discharging electric cylinder is fixedly arranged on the frame, a discharging rack meshed with the discharging gear is fixedly arranged on a telescopic rod of the discharging electric cylinder, the discharging rack is in sliding fit with the frame and used for driving the fermentation barrel to rotate on the frame to change the position of the feeding port, a turning and pushing shaft is rotatably arranged at the axis position of the inner wall of the fermentation barrel, a turning and pushing motor is fixedly arranged on the fermentation barrel, an output shaft of the turning and pushing motor is fixedly matched with the turning and pushing shaft, a turning and pushing plate is fixedly arranged on the turning and pushing shaft and is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the fermentation barrel, and a leavening agent supply nozzle is fixedly arranged at the center position of the proportioning frame connecting plate and used for spraying leavening agent into the fermentation barrel.

S1, putting raw materials such as tailing straw, rice husk, soil, cow dung and the like into a crushing barrel through a feed inlet, and driving a shaft tube to rotate by a driving belt wheel to crush the raw materials by a crushing cutter; the method comprises the steps of S2, switching the position of a permanent magnet wheel disc through electromagnet suction/discharge control, conveying crushed materials to a batching supply pipe by utilizing a discharging screw, S3, driving the batching screw by a batching servo motor, enabling tailings (straws, rice hulls), soil, sawdust and cow dung to fall into corresponding weighing barrels according to the proportion of 6:2:1.5:0.5, detecting weight through a force-sensitive resistor closed loop, realizing accurate batching, S4, enabling a conveying rotary disc in the weighing barrels to rotate under the driving of a conveying rotary motor, throwing weighed raw materials onto a top conveyor belt, S5, conveying the raw materials through corresponding top conveyor belts and bottom conveyor belts respectively, enabling heating units embedded in the two conveyor belts to dry the materials synchronously, S6, enabling the raw materials to fall into a feeding port of a fermentation barrel at the tail end of the bottom conveyor belt, realizing the raw materials conveying and directional feeding, S7, quantitatively spraying the fermenting agents through a fermenting agent supply nozzle in the fermentation process, driving a turnover shaft and a turnover plate through a turnover pushing motor, enabling the materials in the barrels to be fully mixed, S8, starting the materials after the fermentation is completed, unloading and discharging the materials to enable the materials to move downwards through the discharging motor, and the rack to rotate downwards, and the frame is enabled to fall down to the position of the frame, and the frame is enabled to be self-unloading position to be self-cooked, and the frame is enabled to rotate to be 9.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that (1) five links of crushing, accurate metering, homogeneous mixing, continuous drying and barrel type fermentation are integrated in the same frame, and materials flow unidirectionally along a closed conveying path without frequent manual pouring among all devices. The whole process from tailing feeding to fermentation discharging is completed in a closed system, and the automatic packaging line can be directly connected. The invention not only reduces dust dissipation and nitrogen volatilization in the transportation process, but also saves repeated loading and unloading time and occupied space, and remarkably improves environmental cleanliness and production safety, (2) each weighing barrel monitors blanking quality in real time through a force sensitive resistor, a controller adjusts a proportioning screw driven by a servo motor in a weight feedback closed loop, error is corrected in real time, consistency of matrix nutrients and ventilation-water retention performance is remarkably improved, secondary feeding and reworking caused by excessive nitrogen sources or excessive carbon-nitrogen ratio are avoided, stable subsequent fermentation and constant physical and chemical indexes of a finished product are ensured, and (3) the invention adopts a magnetic attraction/repulsion switching mechanism of an electromagnet and a permanent magnet wheel disc, and can realize quick switching between two working conditions of smashing and discharging by only one smashing driving motor, thereby realizing shaft tube-main shaft power separation and reclosing. The invention avoids redundant power and complex maintenance caused by parallel operation of a traditional independent crushing motor and a discharging motor, 4, an upper and lower sandwich type drying channel is formed by an embedded heating unit of a top conveyor belt and a bottom conveyor belt, materials are freely blanked to the bottom conveyor belt after being heated by the top conveyor belt and are then conveyed to a fermentation port at a constant speed through the bottom belt, and compared with open air drying, which is restricted by weather and is easy to grow mold, the continuous drying can be operated in all weather, 5, the fermentation barrel adopts a rotatable structure driven by a gear-electric cylinder to realize the integration of loading, fermentation and discharging, and a turnover pushing shaft in the barrel is periodically stirred to be matched with a spray nozzle to atomize a fermenting agent, so that manual participation is not needed, and the consistency of a finished product is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the support of the pulverizing barrel of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fermenter according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the conveyor belt of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the weighing barrel structure of the invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the pulverizing barrel of the present invention.

In the drawing, 101-machine frame, 102-discharging cylinder, 103-discharging rack, 104-discharging gear, 105-fermentation cylinder, 106-turning motor, 107-turning shaft, 108-turning plate, 109-feeding port, 110-batching frame, 111-batching frame connecting plate, 112-starter feeding nozzle, 113-crushing cylinder bracket, 114-batching feeding pipe, 115-batching servo motor, 116-crushing driving motor, 117-driving belt, 118-driving belt wheel, 119-crushing cylinder, 120-weighing cylinder, 121-weighing pressing ring, 122-force sensitive resistor, 123-weighing supporting ring, 124-conveying side baffle, 125-conveying middle baffle, 126-top conveyor belt, 127-bottom conveyor belt, 128-conveying rotary disk bracket, 129-conveying rotary motor, 130-conveying rotary disk, 131-batching screw, 132-sealing cover plate, 133-switching rotary disk, 134-electromagnet, 135-shaft tube, 136-main shaft, 137-crushing knife, 138-discharging screw, 139-feeding port.

Detailed Description

The following is a detailed description of the technical scheme of the present invention with reference to fig. 1-6.

The invention provides equipment for manufacturing seedling raising substrates by utilizing agricultural drying tailings, which comprises four batching frames 110 and four crushing barrel brackets 113, wherein the batching frames 110 are fixedly arranged on a batching frame connecting plate 111, two symmetrically arranged conveying side baffles 124 are fixedly arranged on each batching frame 110, a top conveying belt 126 and a bottom conveying belt 127 are rotatably arranged between the two conveying side baffles 124, the bottom conveying belt 127 is arranged below the top conveying belt 126, heating units are embedded in the top conveying belt 126 and the bottom conveying belt 127, a weighing barrel 120 is arranged above the top conveying belt 126, a weighing lower pressing ring 121 is fixedly sleeved on the circumferential surface of the weighing barrel 120, the weighing lower pressing ring 121 is in lap joint with a weighing supporting ring 123, the weighing supporting ring 123 is slidably sleeved on the weighing barrel 120, a force sensitive resistor 122 is in lap joint between the weighing supporting ring 123 and the weighing lower pressing ring 121, and the weighing supporting ring 123 is fixed above one end, close to the batching frame 111, of the top conveying belt 126 is in an overhead manner.

The end of the bottom conveyor 127 remote from the batching frame connecting plate 111 is provided with a transfer intermediate baffle 125, the transfer intermediate baffle 125 being for shielding material, the transfer intermediate baffle 125 being fixedly mounted between the two transfer side baffles 124. The inside coaxial rotation of weighing barrel 120 is provided with the conveying rotary disk 130, and conveying rotary disk 130 rotary mounting is on conveying rotary disk support 128, and conveying rotary disk support 128 fixed mounting is on the inner wall of weighing barrel 120, and conveying rotary motor 129 is fixed mounting to the lower surface of conveying rotary disk support 128, and conveying rotary motor 129's output shaft and conveying rotary disk 130 fixed cooperation for drive conveying rotary disk 130 is rotatory on conveying rotary disk support 128.

The weighing barrel 120 is provided with a crushing barrel 119 obliquely above, the crushing barrel 119 is fixedly arranged on the corresponding crushing barrel support 113, the bottom end of the crushing barrel 119 is fixedly communicated with a batching feed pipe 114 with a horizontal axis, one end of the batching feed pipe 114 far away from the crushing barrel 119 is positioned right above the axis of the weighing barrel 120, each crushing barrel support 113 is fixedly provided with a batching servo motor 115, an output shaft of the batching servo motor 115 extends to the inner side of the batching feed pipe 114, and a batching screw rod 131 fixed with the output shaft of the batching servo motor 115 is rotatably arranged inside each batching feed pipe 114. The bottom of the crushing barrel 119 is fixedly buckled with a sealing cover plate 132, a feed inlet 139 is formed in the sealing cover plate 132, a shaft tube 135 is rotatably arranged at the axis position of the sealing cover plate 132, the shaft tube 135 is rotatably sleeved on the circumferential surface of a main shaft 136, a plurality of crushing cutters 137 are rotatably arranged at the bottom end of the shaft tube 135, a discharge screw 138 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the main shaft 136, and the discharge screw 138 is arranged in a connecting channel between the crushing barrel 119 and the ingredient supply pipe 114 and is used for conveying materials in the crushing barrel 119. The top of the shaft tube 135 extends to the upper surface of the sealing cover plate 132, the top of the shaft tube 135 is fixedly provided with a driving belt wheel 118, the top of the main shaft 136 extends to the upper side of the driving belt wheel 118, the top of the main shaft 136 is sleeved with a switching permanent magnet wheel 133 in a spline sliding manner, tooth shapes which can be meshed with each other are arranged between the switching permanent magnet wheel 133 and the opposite surfaces of the driving belt wheel 118, an electromagnet 134 which is magnetically matched with the switching permanent magnet wheel 133 is arranged above the switching permanent magnet wheel 133, the electromagnet 134 is overhead fixed on the sealing cover plate 132, the corresponding driving belt wheels 118 on each sealing cover plate 132 are in transmission synchronous connection through a driving belt 117, a crushing driving motor 116 is also overhead fixedly arranged on the batching frame connecting plate 111 through two crushing barrel brackets 113, and an output shaft of the crushing driving motor 116 is in transmission connection with the driving belt 117 and is used for driving four driving belt wheels 118 to rotate.

All the batching frames 110 are fixedly arranged on the frame 101, the fermentation barrel 105 is rotatably arranged on the frame 101, the feeding port 109 is arranged on the fermentation barrel 105, the discharging gear 104 is fixedly arranged at the rotary connection position of the fermentation barrel 105 and the frame 101, the discharging electric cylinder 102 is fixedly arranged on the frame 101, the discharging rack 103 meshed with the discharging gear 104 is fixedly arranged on the telescopic rod of the discharging electric cylinder 102, the discharging rack 103 is in sliding fit with the frame 101 and used for driving the fermentation barrel 105 to rotate on the frame 101 to change the position of the feeding port 109, the turning shaft 107 is rotatably arranged at the axis position of the inner wall of the fermentation barrel 105, the turning motor 106 is fixedly arranged on the fermentation barrel 105, the output shaft of the turning motor 106 is fixedly matched with the turning shaft 107, the turning plate 108 is fixedly arranged on the turning shaft 107, the turning plate 108 is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the fermentation barrel 105, the central position of the batching frame connecting plate 111 is fixedly provided with the fermenting agent supply nozzle 112, and the fermenting agent supply nozzle 112 is used for spraying the fermenting agent into the fermentation barrel 105.

The invention discloses a working principle of seedling raising matrix equipment for manufacturing seedling raising matrix by utilizing agricultural drying tailings, which is characterized in that raw materials are respectively sent into corresponding crushing barrels 119 through feed inlets 139, a crushing driving motor 116 is started, an output shaft of the crushing driving motor 116 drives all driving pulleys 118 to rotate through a driving belt 117, at the moment, corresponding electromagnets 134 are required to be controlled, the magnetic field direction of the electromagnets 134 is changed by controlling the direction of current fed into the electromagnets 134, whether the electromagnets 134 attract or repel the switching permanent magnet wheel 133 is selected, in an initial state, the electromagnets 134 attract the switching permanent magnet wheel 133, a fixed relation is formed between the electromagnets 134 and the switching permanent magnet wheel 133 (friction force exists after the permanent magnet wheel 133 and the electromagnets 134 are attracted, the main shaft 136 is prevented from being driven by an axle tube 135 through friction force), the switching permanent magnet wheel 133 is separated from the driving pulleys 118, at the moment, the driving pulleys 118 only can drive the axle tube 135 to rotate, the smashing cutters 137 are driven to rotate by the rotation of the axle tube 135, and the raw materials (the tailings, rice hulls, soil, saw dust and cow dung) in the crushing barrels 119 are smashed by the rotation of the smashing cutters 137. After the complete crushing is waited, the electromagnet 134 repels the switching permanent magnet wheel 133, so that the switching permanent magnet wheel 133 is contacted with the driving belt wheel 118, at this time, the driving belt wheel 118 rotates to drive the switching permanent magnet wheel 133 to rotate, the switching permanent magnet wheel 133 rotates to drive the discharging screw 138 to rotate through the main shaft 136, the discharging screw 138 rotates to discharge crushed raw materials in the crushing barrel 119 into the batching supply pipe 114, then the batching servo motor 115 is started, the batching servo motor 115 drives the batching screw 131 in the batching supply pipe 114 to rotate, then the corresponding raw materials are sent into the corresponding weighing barrel 120 (fall on the conveying rotary disk 130 in the weighing barrel 120) through the batching screw 131, the ratio of the raw materials falling into each conveying rotary disk 130 is 6:2:1.5:0.5 (tailing (straw, rice husk), clay, sawdust and cow dung), and the raw materials are particularly required to be controlled through the batching servo motor 115, meanwhile, the weight of the raw materials on the conveying rotary disk 130 can be applied to the weighing barrel 120, the weighing barrel 120 can be fed back to the batching servo motor through the weighing lower pressurizing force-sensitive resistor 122, and the weighing barrel 121, so that the weight of the raw materials on the conveying rotary disk 130 is judged, and the accurate control of batching is realized. After waiting for the ingredients to be completed, the ingredients servo motor 115 is stopped (the pulverization driving motor 116 may be stopped, or the pulverization of the subsequent raw materials may be continued).

Starting a conveying rotary motor 129 in each weighing barrel 120, enabling the conveying rotary motor 129 to drive the conveying rotary disk 130 to rotate, enabling the conveying rotary disk 130 to rotate to throw away raw materials on the conveying rotary disk 130, enabling the raw materials to fall onto a top conveying belt 126 (gaps are reserved between edges of the conveying rotary disk 130 and inner walls of the weighing barrels 120), conveying the raw materials to be above one end of a bottom conveying belt 127 through the top conveying belt 126, then falling onto the bottom conveying belt 127, conveying the raw materials to be above a feed inlet 109 through the bottom conveying belt 127, then falling into the fermentation barrels 105, enabling the top conveying belt 126 and the bottom conveying belt 127 to dry the raw materials in the process (the actual length ratio of the top conveying belt 126 and the bottom conveying belt 127 is not shown in the drawing), then spraying the fermenting agent to the fermentation barrels 105 through a fermenting agent supply spray nozzle 112, enabling an output shaft of the turnover motor 106 to drive a turnover shaft 107 to rotate, enabling the turnover shaft 107 to drive a turnover plate 108 to rotate in the fermentation barrels 105, and enabling all the raw materials in the fermentation barrels 105 to be turnover (timing turnover) to be ensured, wherein the fermenting agent supply nozzles 112 are connected with the fermenting agent supply nozzles 112. After the fermentation of the raw materials is completed, the discharging electric cylinder 102 is started, the telescopic rod of the discharging electric cylinder 102 drives the discharging rack 103 to move, the discharging rack 103 drives the discharging gear 104 to rotate, and the discharging gear 104 drives the fermentation barrel 105 to rotate, so that the feeding hole 109 on the fermentation barrel 105 rotates to a downward direction, and the raw materials inside the fermentation barrel 105 are discharged.

Claims (8)

1. An apparatus for producing seedling substrate using agricultural drying waste, characterized in that: it includes four batching racks (110) fixedly installed on the batching rack connecting plate (111) and four crushing barrel supports (113), each batching rack (110) is fixedly installed with two symmetrically arranged conveyor side baffles (124), a top conveyor belt (126) and a bottom conveyor belt (127) are rotatably installed between the two conveyor side baffles (124), wherein the bottom conveyor belt (127) is located below the top conveyor belt (126), and a heating unit is embedded inside both the top conveyor belt (126) and the bottom conveyor belt (127); A weighing barrel (120) is provided above the top conveyor belt (126). A weighing pressure ring (121) is fixedly sleeved on the circumferential surface of the weighing barrel (120). The weighing pressure ring (121) is overlapped on the weighing support ring (123). The weighing support ring (123) is slidably sleeved on the weighing barrel (120). A force-sensitive resistor (122) is overlapped between the weighing support ring (123) and the weighing pressure ring (121). The weighing support ring (123) is suspended and fixed above the top conveyor belt (126) near the feeding rack connecting plate (111). 2. The device for making seedling substrate using agricultural drying waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that: a conveying intermediate baffle (125) is provided at one end of the bottom conveyor belt (127) away from the material feeding rack connecting plate (111), the conveying intermediate baffle (125) is used to block the material, and the conveying intermediate baffle (125) is fixedly installed between two conveying side baffles (124). 3. The device for making seedling substrate using agricultural drying waste as described in claim 2, characterized in that: a conveying rotating disk (130) is coaxially rotatably arranged inside the weighing barrel (120), the conveying rotating disk (130) is rotatably mounted on the conveying rotating disk support (128), the conveying rotating disk support (128) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the weighing barrel (120), a conveying rotating motor (129) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the conveying rotating disk support (128), and the output shaft of the conveying rotating motor (129) is fixedly matched with the conveying rotating disk (130) to drive the conveying rotating disk (130) to rotate on the conveying rotating disk support (128). 4. The device for making seedling substrate using agricultural drying waste as described in claim 3, characterized in that: a crushing barrel (119) is provided obliquely above the weighing barrel (120), the crushing barrel (119) is fixedly installed on the corresponding crushing barrel support (113), the bottom end of the crushing barrel (119) is fixedly connected to a feeding supply pipe (114) with a horizontal axis, and the end of the feeding supply pipe (114) away from the crushing barrel (119) is located directly above the axis of the weighing barrel (120); wherein each crushing barrel support (113) is also fixedly installed with a feeding servo motor (115), the output shaft of the feeding servo motor (115) extends to the inside of the feeding supply pipe (114), and each feeding supply pipe (114) is rotatably installed with a feeding screw (131) fixed to the output shaft of the feeding servo motor (115). 5. The device for making seedling substrate using agricultural drying waste as described in claim 4, characterized in that: a sealing cover plate (132) is fixedly fastened to the bottom of the crushing barrel (119), and a feed inlet (139) is opened on the sealing cover plate (132). A shaft tube (135) is rotatably installed at the axial position of the sealing cover plate (132), and the shaft tube (135) is rotatably sleeved on the circumferential surface of the main shaft (136); wherein a plurality of crushing blades (137) are rotatably installed at the bottom end of the shaft tube (135), and a discharge screw (138) is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the main shaft (136). The discharge screw (138) is set in the connection channel between the crushing barrel (119) and the feeding supply pipe (114) for transmitting the material inside the crushing barrel (119). 6. The device for producing seedling substrate using agricultural drying waste as described in claim 5, characterized in that: the top end of the shaft tube (135) extends to the upper surface of the sealing cover plate (132), and a transmission pulley (118) is fixedly installed at the top end of the shaft tube (135); the top end of the main shaft (136) extends above the transmission pulley (118); a switching permanent magnet wheel (133) is sleeved on the top end of the main shaft (136) by means of spline sliding; the switching permanent magnet wheel (133) and the opposite surface of the transmission pulley (118) are provided with teeth that can mesh with each other; the switching permanent magnet wheel (133) is provided with teeth that can mesh with each other. Above 33) is an electromagnet (134) that cooperates with the magnetic force of the switching permanent magnet wheel (133). The electromagnet (134) is fixed on the sealing cover plate (132). The corresponding transmission pulleys (118) on each sealing cover plate (132) are synchronously connected by transmission belt (117). The feeding rack connecting plate (111) is also fixedly mounted on two of the crushing barrel brackets (113). The output shaft of the crushing drive motor (116) is connected to the transmission belt (117) to drive the four transmission pulleys (118) to rotate. 7. The equipment for making seedling substrate using agricultural drying waste as described in claim 6 is characterized in that: all the feeding racks (110) are fixedly installed on the frame (101), the frame (101) is also rotatably installed with a fermentation tank (105), the fermentation tank (105) is provided with a feeding port (109), the fermentation tank (105) and the frame (101) are fixedly installed with a discharge gear (104), the frame (101) is also fixedly installed with a discharge electric cylinder (102), the telescopic rod of the discharge electric cylinder (102) is fixedly installed with a discharge rack (103) meshing with the discharge gear (104), the discharge rack (103) slides with the frame (101) to drive the fermentation tank (105) to rotate on the frame (101) and change the position of the feeding port (109); A turning shaft (107) is rotatably installed on the axial position of the inner wall of the fermentation tank (105). A turning motor (106) is also fixedly installed on the fermentation tank (105). The output shaft of the turning motor (106) is fixedly matched with the turning shaft (107). A turning plate (108) is fixedly installed on the turning shaft (107). The turning plate (108) slides with the inner wall of the fermentation tank (105). A fermentation agent supply nozzle (112) is fixedly installed at the center of the ingredient rack connecting plate (111). The fermentation agent supply nozzle (112) is used to spray fermentation agent into the fermentation tank (105). 8. A method for using equipment for producing seedling substrate from agricultural drying waste, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Raw materials such as tail straw, rice husk, soil and cow dung are put into the crushing barrel (119) through the feed inlet (139). The shaft tube (135) is driven to rotate by the transmission pulley (118), so that the crushing blade (137) crushes the raw materials. S2. The position of the permanent magnet wheel (133) is switched by the electromagnet (134) to attract/discharge, and the crushed material is transported to the batching supply pipe (114) by the discharge screw (138). S3. The batching screw (131) is driven by the batching servo motor (115) to drop the tailings, soil, sawdust and cow dung into the corresponding weighing buckets (120) in a ratio of 6:2:1.5:0.5. The weight is detected by the force-sensitive resistor (122) in a closed loop to achieve accurate batching. S4. The conveyor rotary disk (130) inside the weighing barrel (120) rotates under the drive of the conveyor rotary motor (129), and throws the weighed raw material onto the top conveyor belt (126). S5. The raw materials are conveyed by the corresponding top conveyor belt (126) and bottom conveyor belt (127), and the heating units embedded in the two conveyor belts dry the materials synchronously. S6. The raw material falls into the feed port (109) of the fermentation tank (105) at the end of the bottom conveyor belt (127), realizing the conveying and directional feeding of the dried raw material; S7. During the fermentation process, the fermentation agent is sprayed quantitatively through the fermentation agent supply nozzle (112), and the turning motor (106) drives the turning shaft (107) and the turning plate (108) to turn the material in the barrel intermittently, so that the material in the barrel is fully mixed. S8. After fermentation is completed, start the unloading electric cylinder (102) to drive the unloading rack (103) and unloading gear (104) to move, so that the fermentation tank (105) rotates around the frame (101) to the position where the inlet (109) faces downward; S9. Using its own gravity, the mature seedling substrate is poured out as a whole, achieving automatic unloading.