CN120858165A - Antioxidant compositions for oils - Google Patents

Abstract

An antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil is disclosed. The composition comprises an inert carrier, a pericarpium Granati extract, and optionally additives. The inert carrier is a wax, wherein the wax is selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax, and beeswax. The additive is selected from more than one of soybean lecithin, rosemary extract, etc. The antioxidant composition is low in cost, easy to obtain, harmless, and can prevent rancidity of oil. The antioxidant composition is in the form of pellets or granules.

Description

Antioxidant composition for oils

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition, and more particularly to an antioxidant composition for oils. The invention also relates to a method for preparing the composition.

Background

Edible oils are susceptible to rancidity during storage, resulting in degradation of the oil. Oxidation and hydrolysis of oil are the main causes of rancidity. Hydrolysis is catalyzed by lipases, while heating or refining can inhibit hydrolysis. Oxidation involves a series of chemical reactions requiring oxygen. Oxidation is a major cause of oil deterioration. Preventing oil oxidation is critical to improving oil quality and extending shelf life. An antioxidant is needed to minimize oxidative degradation of the oil.

Antioxidants inhibit oxidation reactions through a variety of mechanisms. Which generally can extend the shelf life of the oil and maintain the quality of the oil. Synthetic antioxidants, such as BHT, BHA and TBHQ, are well known antioxidants for preventing oxidative deterioration of oils. However, the addition of synthetic antioxidants to oils is limited by the allowable limits of FSSAI, as the use of synthetic antioxidants has been reported to have potential tumorigenic effects. Thus, a natural antioxidant is needed to avoid oxidation of the oil. Natural antioxidants are widely found in fruits and vegetables.

PCT application number WO2017156059A1 (Saberi Amir) discloses a stabilized rapeseed oil comprising polyunsaturated fatty acids and oil-soluble antioxidants. The invention discloses an oil-soluble antioxidant composition. However, not all antioxidants are soluble in oil.

Chinese application number CN104911027a (Liu Jianhong et al) teaches a method for improving the antioxidant properties of edible vegetable or fish oils using natural antioxidants. The invention discloses dissolving hydrophilic natural antioxidant powder in polar oils (propylene glycol octanoate, etc.). The propylene glycol disclosed in said patent application has been reported to have a potentially adverse effect on infants and pregnant women.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is rich in high value nutrients. It comprises tannin, flavonol, anthocyanin, phenolic acid, compound polysaccharide and organic acid. Several studies have reported that the concentration of phenolic compounds in the pericarpium Granati is higher than that in the juice. Pomegranate Pi Fu contains phytochemicals such as polyphenols, ellagic acid, ellagitannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, minerals, etc., which impart various biological activities and health effects. These phytochemicals make the antioxidant activity of the pomegranate rind higher than that of the pseudo-seed rind and seed of the fruit. Among these polyphenols, the most abundant and potent antioxidant was demonstrated to be punicalagin. Punicalagin also has anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

The main challenge of using natural antioxidants to prevent deterioration of oils is that many natural antioxidants are insoluble in the oil and precipitate out during storage. To overcome the solubility problem, researchers have used chemical additives, synthetic carriers or solvents to dissolve the pericarpium Granati or punicalagin in the oil. One study conducted by Mansouri r.a. disclosed that pyrogallol can be used as a carrier to dissolve punicalagin in olive oil. Oral administration of pyrogallol is hazardous as it can cause oxidative damage and induce mutations, carcinogenesis and hepatotoxicity.

Thus, there is a need for a natural antioxidant composition that stabilizes oil by preventing oxidative deterioration of the oil. There is a need for an inert, non-toxic and safe carrier for antioxidant compositions.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil, comprising an inert carrier, a pericarpium Granati extract (PPE) and optionally additives. In the antioxidant composition, the inert carrier is a wax selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax. The additive includes, but is not limited to, more than one of soybean lecithin, rosemary extract, etc. The ratio of the wax to the pericarpium Granati extract in the antioxidant composition is 1:0.01 to 1:5. A method for preparing the antioxidant composition, wherein the pericarpium Granati extract is added into wax and heated to obtain a molten antioxidant composition, wherein the molten antioxidant composition is added into cold pressed oil, wherein excessive molten matter is precipitated, the precipitated molten matter is separated from the treated cold pressed oil by decantation, filtration or centrifugation, and the supernatant oil containing the pericarpium Granati extract is separated as a premix for treating the cold pressed oil to prevent oxidative deterioration. The method for preparing the antioxidant comprises the step of preparing cold pressed oil from more than one of peanut oil, safflower seed oil, coconut oil, sunflower seed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, linseed oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algae oil, other edible oil and non-edible oil.

A process for preparing an antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil comprises the steps of melting wax as a carrier, adding and mixing pericarpium Granati extract powder and optional additives to the molten wax to obtain a molten antioxidant composition, and cooling (preferably in a specific mold) the molten antioxidant composition to obtain pellets or granules. In the method for preparing the antioxidant composition, more than one of the waxes is selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax, and the additive is more than one of soybean lecithin and rosemary extract.

A method of preventing oxidative deterioration of oil, wherein the method comprises the steps of adding pellets/particles of the antioxidant composition to a small amount of oil under heating and stirring to dissolve the pellets/particles, and adding additional oil under continuous stirring for dilution to prevent oxidative deterioration. The method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil, wherein 0.8 to 1.2g of pellets/granules is added to 100g of cold pressed oil, the pellets/granules are melted by applying heat and stirring, 900g of cold pressed oil is added to the oil of step (b) under stirring, wherein the cold pressed oil is selected from more than one of peanut oil, safflower seed oil, coconut oil, sunflower seed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, linseed oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algae oil and other non-edible oils. The method for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil products, wherein the carrier comprises more than one wax selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax.

An antioxidant composition pellet/granule for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil. The antioxidant composition pellets/granules comprise a pericarpium Granati extract, an inert carrier, an emulsifier and optionally additives. Wherein the purity of punicalagin in the pericarpium Granati extract by HPLC is 10-50%. The inert carrier comprises more than one wax selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax. The emulsifier comprises soy lecithin. The additive comprises rosemary extract. Wherein the ratio of the wax to the pericarpium Granati extract is 1:0.01 to 1:5. Each 1 to 8g of the mixture of wax and pomegranate rind extract contains 0.5g of soybean lecithin.

Detailed Description

The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition comprising an extract of pericarpium Granati, an inert carrier and optionally additives.

The above objects are accomplished by the present invention, and the problems and drawbacks associated with the prior art, process and method are overcome by the present invention, which is described in the preferred embodiments below.

All materials used herein are commercially available as described herein or are prepared from commercially available materials as described herein.

Although the following description uses specific terms for clarity, these terms are merely intended to refer to the particular structure within the drawings that is selected for illustration and are not intended to limit or restrict the scope of the invention.

Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, or function described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

Reference in the specification to "a preferred embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, or function is described in order to omit known constructions and functions, thereby clearly illustrating the present invention.

The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description only. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching.

In one aspect, the present invention provides an antioxidant composition derived from an extract of pericarpium Granati.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing an antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil.

According to one embodiment, the antioxidant composition of the present invention comprises:

1) Pericarpium Granati extract, and

2) A carrier.

In a preferred embodiment thereof, the content of the pericarpium Granati extract is 0.01 to 5g. The carrier is a wax selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax in an amount of 1 to 1.1gm.

In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of wax to pericarpium Granati extract is 1:1 to 1:2.

In another embodiment, the antioxidant composition of the present invention further comprises 0.5g of the emulsifier soy lecithin.

In yet another embodiment, the antioxidant composition of the present invention further comprises 2g of rosemary extract.

The pericarpium Granati extract contains polyphenols with antioxidant activity. Polyphenols prevent rancidity or deterioration caused by oxidation of oil. The wax serves as a carrier to aid in the solubility of the pericarpium Granati extract in oil.

A preferred method of preparing an antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil according to the present invention is now disclosed. The method for preparing the antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil comprises the steps of:

(a) Melting a predetermined amount of the carrier at a predetermined temperature, and

(B) Dissolving a predetermined amount of pericarpium Granati extract powder in the carrier to obtain an antioxidant composition;

in step (a), the carrier is a wax selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax. The predetermined amount is 1g and heated at a predetermined temperature of 65 ℃. In step (b), the predetermined amount of the pericarpium Granati extract is 1g.

A preferred method of adding an antioxidant composition to oil to prevent oxidative deterioration according to the present invention is now disclosed.

(A) Adding a predetermined amount of the molten antioxidant composition to a predetermined amount of oil;

(b) Recovering the solidified carrier by centrifugation;

(c) Separating the supernatant oil containing the pericarpium Granati extract as a premix from the solidified carrier;

(d) A predetermined amount of premix (i.e. the pericarpium Granati extract in the oil) is added to a predetermined amount of cold pressed oil to make up the volume, thereby obtaining a treated oil.

The predetermined amount of oil is 40g, wherein the oil is selected from peanut oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, linseed oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algae oil and other edible oils. In step (C), centrifugation is performed at 10,000rpm at 35 ℃. In step (d), the obtained supernatant oil containing the pericarpium Granati extract is used as a premix. In step (e), 27.28g of a predetermined amount of premix was made up to 1000g using cold pressing.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, 1.1g of beeswax is melted and 0.5g of soy lecithin and 2g of PPE are added. The mixture was solidified to obtain solid pellets/granules. In yet another embodiment, 2g of rosemary extract is added to the above mixture to obtain solidified pellets/granules.

In another embodiment of the invention, the antioxidant pellets/granules are added to at least an amount of cold pressed oil with continuous stirring and heating, followed by further dilution with the desired volume of cold pressed oil with stirring to obtain a treated oil.

Examples

Only a few examples and implementations are disclosed. Variations, modifications, and enhancements to the examples and embodiments, as well as other embodiments, may be made based on the disclosure.

Examples are set forth below and illustrate various levels, types of reactants, and reaction conditions that may be used in practicing the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that the present disclosure may be practiced using different amounts, types of reactants, and reaction conditions than those used in the examples, and that the resulting devices will exhibit a variety of different characteristics and uses in accordance with the disclosure above and as described below.

Example 1 preparation of pericarpium Granati extract (PPE)

The pericarpium Granati extract is extracted from clean crushed pericarpium Granati. The water extract is clarified to remove solids. Purifying the clarified extract to remove impurities. The purified extract is concentrated and dried in a spray dryer to obtain a fine free flowing powder having a moisture content of less than 5%.

The extracted powder (moisture < 5%) was then packaged and stored. The extract powder contains punicalagin, an ellagitannin quantified by HPLC. The highest purity standard for quantitative analysis of punicalagin content was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

The sample was dissolved in an HPLC grade methanol-water (1:1) solution at a concentration of 500ppm. The solution was filtered through a 0.45um nylon needle filter.

Mu.l of the solution was injected into the HPLC system via an autosampler. Analysis was performed using an Shimadzu-P series HPLC system equipped with a photodiode array detector (PDA) and an autosampler. Separation was performed using SYMMETRYC-18 chromatography columns (4.6X250 mm,5 μm). The mobile phase separated by punicalagin consists of mobile phase A (aqueous solution containing 1%V/V TFA) and mobile phase B (methanol solution containing 1%V/V TFA). The optimal absorption wavelength of punicalagin is 378nm. The recorded peaks were integrated to obtain analytical purities in the range of 10 to 50%.

The nutritional parameters of the PPE powder obtained are as follows (table 1):

TABLE 1 chemical composition of PPE

Parameters (parameters)	Numerical value
		Energy (Kcal/100 g)	374.65
Sugar (%)	1.35
		Fat (%)	1.25
Protein (%)	2.26
		Carbohydrate (%)	88.59

Example 2 preparation of pomegranate rind extract (PPE) treated oil and antioxidant activity thereof.

1G of beeswax was melted and mixed with 1g of PPE, and 40g of cold pressed peanut oil (CPGN) was added thereto. Centrifuging the mixture to precipitate Cera flava and part of PPE. The supernatant containing partially dissolved PPE was isolated.

The resulting supernatant was 34.53g. 27.28g of the supernatant was diluted with CPGN g of oil to 1000g, yielding a treated oil (first dilution). The material was further diluted to obtain 7 serial dilutions. The antioxidant activity of these dilutions was determined using DDPH purge. DPPH clearance activity assays were performed according to the AOAC guidelines. This method is known in the art, wherein the sample is treated with a solution of methanol DPPH and stored for 30 minutes in the absence of light. Absorbance was read at 517nm with methanol as a blank.

Activity measurements were as follows

The activity of the 5-dilution concentrated oil sample was comparable to that of the oil treated with 200ppm TBHQ and 200ppm BHA (industry standard for oil oxidation prevention).

EXAMPLE 3 Peroxide Value (PV)

The treated oil samples were stored in a stable chamber at 38℃and 65% relative humidity for 10 days and tested for peroxide values using TBHQ and BHA treated oil (200 ppm) as a control. Peroxide released in the oil sample was measured using FSSAI 02.042.042:2021 method.

The PV value of the concentrated oil is reduced under normal temperature, and the control effect is better under stable condition.

Example 4 acid number (AV) and Free Fatty Acid (FFA) analysis

The acid number of the oil samples was determined using the modified method FSSAI 02.009:2021. The results show that the acid number and FFA values of the treated oil are similar to those of TBHQ and BHA treated oils.

Example 5 iodine value

Iodine value was determined using FSSAI 02.010.010:2021 method. The treated oil exhibited similar iodine values in a 10 day stability study as the TBHQ and BHA treated oil.

EXAMPLE 6 Total phenol content

The total phenol content was determined using the method of Iqbal s. Et al (Iqbal, s., haleem, s., akhtar, m., zia-ul-Haq, m., & Akbar, j. (2008) efficacy (Efficiency of pomegranate peel extracts in stabilization of sunflower oil under accelerated conditions).Food Research International,41(2),194-200). of the pericarpium Granati extract to stabilize sunflower seed oil under accelerated conditions the total phenol content of the PPE extract was calculated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent.

The total phenol content in the PPE was estimated to be 77.56g gallic acid equivalent per 100gPPE (g GAE per 100g PPE).

Example 7 frying analysis:

Frying analysis aims to investigate the formation of peroxide before and after heating of the oil during the food preparation by means of PV values. Frying studies were performed using PPE treated oil and CPGN (control) oil diluted for the first time. The oil sample was heated to 180±10 ℃ in an iron vessel. 80g of dehydrated cabbage is first fried for 12 minutes and then heated at 180℃for 1 hour. After heating for 1 hour, the oil samples were analyzed for PV values.

TABLE 2 analytical data for frying experiments

The results obtained after heating the PPE treated oil were lower compared to CPGN oil (control). This indicates that peroxide formation is less after PPE treatment, showing potent antioxidant activity.

Example 8 PV analysis of PPE treated sunflower oil, safflower oil and coconut oil

The PV values of PPE treated sunflower, safflower and coconut oils were determined. A similar experiment was performed as described in example 3, and the PV value was determined after heating at 105℃for 1 hour and 30 minutes. The cold pressed peanut oil was replaced with the corresponding oil as described in this example.

TABLE 3 analytical data for other oils PV (meq/kg)

Cold oil extraction	Sunflower seeds	Safflower seed	Coconut
				Untreated oil before heating	10.28	3.22	0.55
Heated untreated oil	12.42	10.05	1.03
				Heated PPE treated oil	11.65	5.98	0.52

The PPE treated safflower seed oil and coconut oil showed significantly lower PV values after heating compared to the corresponding untreated oils. Overall results indicate that the addition of PPE to the oil helps to inhibit oxidation of various oils.

Example 9 antioxidant composition pellets/granules designated OIL SAHAYAK:

The concentrated oil prepared in example 2 produced a large amount of wax + PPE, resulting in an economically unfeasible product and a processing burden, and thus a new method of adding PPE to the oil was developed, as shown in example 9.

Composition 1 pellets:

1.1g of beeswax was melted and 0.5g of soybean lecithin and 2g of PPE were added. The mixture is injected into a suitable mold and cooled to obtain pellets.

Composition 2 pellets:

1.1g of beeswax was melted and 0.5g of soybean lecithin, 2g of PPE and 2g of rosemary extract were added. The mixture was injected into a mold, and cooled to obtain pellets.

Example 10 OIL SAHAYAK was added to oil:

0.8g of the solidified carrier described in example 9 (2) was placed in a beaker and heated on a heating plate until it melted. 100g of hot oil was then added to the beaker. The mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer and allowed to cool. After complete cooling, another 900g of oil was slowly added to the mixture while stirring was continued. The oil produced is an antioxidant-rich oil, labeled PR1.

Example 11:

In a variation of example 10, 1.2g of the PPE solidified product described in example 9 (2) was dissolved in 100g of hot oil with stirring, cooled, and 900gm of oil was added with stirring to make 1000gm of oil. The oil is a concentrated oil, labeled PR2.

EXAMPLE 12 carnauba wax and Paraffin

2Gm of PPE was added to 1.1gm of melted carnauba wax, along with 2gm of rosemary extract and 0.5gm of soybean lecithin. The mixture was allowed to cool.

20Mg of the above solidified material was placed in a beaker, melted on a heating plate, and 10gm of hot oil was added thereto. The mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer and allowed to cool. After complete cooling, only 15gm of oil was gradually added with stirring.

2Gm of PPE was added to 1.1gm of molten paraffin while 2gm of rosemary extract and 0.5gm of soybean lecithin were added. The mixture was allowed to cool.

20Mg of the above solidified material was placed in a beaker, melted on a heating plate, and 10gm of hot oil was added thereto. The mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer and allowed to cool. After complete cooling, only 15gm of oil was gradually added with stirring.

The two oils were placed in an 80 ℃ oven for 4 hours and peroxide number measurements were made. The peroxide values of carnauba wax and paraffin wax were measured to be 1.8meq/kg oil and 2meq/kg oil, respectively.

Example 13 peroxide values, AV, FFA and iodine values of concentrated oil samples PR1, PR2, TBHQ treated oil (200 PPM) and blank oil

The PV value of the control group (CPGN oil) was 0.48meq/kg on day 0 and increased significantly to 4.48meq/kg on day 60, highest among all treated samples. However, the PV values of all samples tended to rise over the storage time from day 0 to day 60. The PV values of PR1 and PR2 were lower than the control oil.

AV values and FFA values were similar to control oil (CPGN oil) and all treated oil samples, namely PR1 and PR2 (natural antioxidants) and TBHQ (synthetic antioxidants).

After a 60 day incubation period, the iodine value was unchanged for all samples, including the control group.

TABLE 4 PV, AV, FFA and iodine value analysis

Amb, storage at ambient temperature, stb, storage in a stabilization chamber at 38℃and 65% RH

The antioxidant composition of the present invention is effective in inhibiting oxidation processes in oils that lead to rancidity and deterioration. Natural antioxidant compositions containing pomegranate rind extract solve the problems associated with using synthetic antioxidants in oils. The use of wax as a carrier aids in the dissolution of the pomegranate rind extract, thereby solving the problems associated with the use of healthy carriers such as pyrogallol.

The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable the invention to be utilized in the best known manner by the inventors and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

The examples illustrate embodiments of the invention but do not in any way limit the scope of the claims and all equivalents which do not depart from the scope of the invention as covered by the description.

Claims (18)

1. An antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil comprising:

a. An inert carrier;

b. pericarpium Granati extract, and

C. Optionally containing more than one additive.

2. The antioxidant composition of claim 1, wherein the inert carrier comprises a wax.

3. An antioxidant composition according to claim 2, wherein the wax is selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax.

4. The antioxidant composition of claim 1, wherein the additive is selected from one or more of soybean lecithin and rosemary extract.

5. The antioxidant composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the wax to the pericarpium Granati extract is 1:0.01 or 1:5.

6. A method of preparing an antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil comprising the steps of:

a. adding the pericarpium Granati extract to molten wax to obtain a molten antioxidant composition;

b. adding the molten antioxidant composition to cold pressed oil, wherein excess melt precipitates, and

C. Separating the precipitated melt from the treated cold pressed oil by decantation, filtration or centrifugation, followed by separating the supernatant oil containing the pericarpium Granati extract as a premix for treating the cold pressed oil to prevent oxidative deterioration.

7. A method of preventing oxidative deterioration of oil, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

a. The premix oil is added to the oil to be treated.

8. The method of preparing an antioxidant composition according to claim 6, wherein the cold pressed oil is selected from the group consisting of peanut oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, linseed oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algae oil, and other edible and non-edible oils.

9. A method of preparing an antioxidant composition for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil comprising the steps of:

a. melting wax as a carrier;

b. adding pericarpium Granati extract powder and optional additives to molten wax and mixing to obtain molten antioxidant composition, and

C. The molten antioxidant composition is cooled, preferably in a specific mold, to obtain pellets or granules.

10. The method of preparing an antioxidant composition of claim 9, wherein:

a. more than one of the waxes is selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax, and

B. The additive is more than one selected from soybean lecithin and rosemary extract.

11. A method of preventing oxidative deterioration of oil, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

a. adding pellets/particles of the antioxidant composition to a small amount of oil under heated agitation to dissolve the pellets/particles, and

B. Additional oil was added with constant stirring to dilute to prevent oxidative deterioration.

12. The method of preventing oxidative deterioration of oil according to claim 11, wherein:

a. Adding 0.8 to 1.2g of antioxidant composition pellets/granules to 100g of cold pressed oil;

b. by applying heat and melting the pellets/granules with stirring, and

C. 900g of cold pressed oil was added to the oil of step (b) with stirring.

13. A method of preventing oxidative deterioration of oil according to claim 12 wherein said cold-pressed oil is selected from more than one of peanut oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, linseed oil, fish oil, microbial oil, algae oil and other non-edible oils.

14. A method of preventing oxidative deterioration of oil according to claim 9 wherein said carrier comprises one or more waxes selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax.

15. An antioxidant composition pellet/granule for preventing oxidative deterioration of oil.

16. The antioxidant composition pellet/granule of claim 15 comprising a pericarpium Granati extract, an inert carrier, an emulsifier, and optionally additives.

17. The antioxidant composition pellet/granule of claim 16, wherein:

a. the pomegranate rind extract comprises 10 to 50% punicalagin;

b. the inert carrier is more than one wax selected from carnauba wax, paraffin wax and beeswax;

c. The emulsifier is soybean lecithin, and

D. the additive is rosemary extract.

18. The antioxidant composition pellet/granule of claim 15, wherein:

a. the ratio of the wax to the pericarpium Granati extract is 1:0.01 to 1:5

B. Each 1 to 8g of the mixture of wax and pomegranate rind extract contains 0.5g of soybean lecithin.