CN120817835A - A special fertilizer for growing vegetables in salinized environments containing seaweed oligosaccharides - Google Patents
A special fertilizer for growing vegetables in salinized environments containing seaweed oligosaccharidesInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及蔬菜种植肥料技术领域，公开了一种含海藻寡糖型盐渍化种植蔬菜专用肥，本发明的核心在于首次发现并利用海藻寡糖在盐渍化土壤中对蔬菜的生长促进作用，制备了一种含海藻寡糖型盐渍化种植蔬菜专用肥；核心成分包括海藻寡糖、耐盐微生物复合菌剂和聚丙烯酰胺，三者具有协同作用，促进盐渍土种植蔬菜的产量提高和成熟期缩短；可选择包含腐植酸、复合氨基酸和凹凸棒土，或复合中微量元素，或八烷基葡萄糖苷和淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸盐；各成分间具有协同效果，通过调节蔬菜植物相关生理通路、改善土壤结构等途径提高蔬菜在盐渍化土壤中的长势和产量，同时循环使用减轻土壤的盐渍化加重等问题，提高土壤的肥力，应用前景广阔。
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting fertilizers, and discloses a special fertilizer for saline-affected vegetable planting containing seaweed oligosaccharides. The core of the invention is to discover and utilize for the first time the growth-promoting effect of seaweed oligosaccharides on vegetables in saline soil, and to prepare a special fertilizer for saline-affected vegetable planting containing seaweed oligosaccharides. The core components include seaweed oligosaccharides, salt-tolerant microbial composite agents, and polyacrylamide, and the three have a synergistic effect, promoting the increase in yield and shortening the maturity period of vegetables planted in saline soil. The fertilizer can optionally contain humic acid, composite amino acids, and attapulgite, or composite trace elements, or octaalkyl glucoside and starch-grafted polyacrylic acid salts. The components have a synergistic effect, and the growth and yield of vegetables in saline soil are improved by regulating relevant physiological pathways of vegetable plants, improving soil structure, and the like. At the same time, recycling can alleviate the problems of aggravated soil salinization, thereby improving soil fertility, and having broad application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting fertilizers, in particular to a seaweed-containing oligosaccharide type fertilizer special for salinized planting vegetables.
Background
Soil salinization (soil salinization) refers to the phenomenon or process that soluble salt accumulates on the surface layer of the soil, and in addition, soil nitrate is continuously accumulated along with the increase of the planting period, so that the induced soil secondary salinization is a main obstacle factor for vegetable production, and the vegetable yield and quality are seriously affected. It is reported that the soil conductivity reaches more than 1000 mu s/cm (moderate salinization), and adverse effects are generated on the growth and development of crops, the yield and the quality. The rape belongs to salt-tolerant vegetables in leaf vegetables, can bear 0.2% -0.26% (the conductivity is less than or equal to 1083 mu s/cm) of salt in weak acid or neutral (pH 5.5-6.7) soil to grow normally, and the pH of the soil is less than 4.5, the conductivity is more than or equal to 1178.45 mu s/cm, the salt damage of rape leaves is obvious, the growth is obviously inhibited, and the yield is greatly reduced. The vegetable field with serious secondary salting is characterized in that the vegetable field with serious salting highlights the problems of plant wilting death, low disease resistance of vegetables and the like after watering and topdressing during the growth period of the vegetables, the vegetable field with unbalanced nutrients has serious physiological diseases, and is prominently characterized in that excessive application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers leads to physiological diseases such as calcium deficiency, boron and the like of the vegetables, soil acidification or application of non-decomposed organic fertilizers leads to root rot, serious root nematodes and the like, and the production problems lead to excessive application of pesticides by vegetable farmers, so that vicious cycles such as excessive pesticide residue of the vegetable farmers, excessive background value of the pesticides of soil and water body and the like are formed. At present, the pH value of soil in most facility greenhouses is less than 5.5, the conductivity is 500-2100 mu s/cm, the development of vegetable planting industry is seriously influenced, and a stable and effective salinized soil vegetable planting technology is urgently needed.
The improvement of the saline soil is a complex, difficult and long-time work, and specific measures are formulated according to the specific conditions. While many scholars have made more detailed researches on the cause of formation, the researches on improvement technology are insufficient, and in recent years, researchers have made a great deal of beneficial attempts to improve soil, optimize soil microbiology and the like by adding organic materials, but the effects are not uniform and stable and effective soil restoration technology is not formed. The patent CN201610042920.9 discloses a preparation method of an organic fertilizer for preventing and treating secondary salinization of solar greenhouse vegetable fields, which takes agricultural and pasture waste as a main material, is matched with natural sterilization materials such as lime nitrogen and the like, and is matched with medium and trace elements such as calcium, boron, zinc and the like.
Therefore, further research on the problem of salinized vegetable planting is urgently needed to obtain a special fertilizer for salinized vegetable planting, so that the growth vigor and yield of vegetables in salinized soil are improved, the salinized problem of the soil is relieved through recycling, and the fertility of the soil is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention discloses a fertilizer special for vegetable planting by salinization containing seaweed oligosaccharide, which comprises the core components of seaweed oligosaccharide, a salt-tolerant microbial compound microbial agent and polyacrylamide, wherein humic acid, compound amino acid and attapulgite or compound medium trace elements or octaalkyl glucoside and starch grafted polyacrylate are selected, the components have a synergistic effect, the growth vigor and the yield of vegetables in salinized soil are improved by regulating the relevant physiological paths of vegetable plants, improving the soil structure and other ways, the problems of salinization aggravation of the soil and the like are solved by recycling, the fertility of the soil is improved, and the application prospect is wide.
On one hand, the invention provides a seaweed-oligosaccharide-containing special saline planting vegetable fertilizer, which comprises seaweed oligosaccharide, a salt-tolerant microbial compound microbial agent and polyacrylamide, wherein the polymerization degree of the seaweed oligosaccharide is 2-50, the content of active ingredients is more than or equal to 90%, the salt-tolerant microbial compound microbial agent comprises halophila (Halomonas alkaliphila) CGMCC 1.7449, the viable count is more than or equal to 2X 10 8 CFU/g, the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide is 800-1000 ten thousand, the anion degree is 10-20%, and the cation degree is 30-60%.
The core of the invention is that the special fertilizer containing the seaweed oligosaccharide for salinized planting vegetables is prepared by finding and utilizing the growth promoting effect of the seaweed oligosaccharide in salinized soil for the first time; the seaweed oligosaccharide is an oligosaccharide substance extracted from seaweed, has various biological activities, and the research at present finds that the seaweed oligosaccharide can be used as a synergistic auxiliary agent of a fertilizer, added into a water-soluble fertilizer or a compound fertilizer, and promotes crop growth by improving the nutrient utilization rate and slowly releasing fertilizer components; however, specific researches on salinized vegetable are never carried out, the invention discovers that the seaweed oligosaccharide has the effect of promoting the growth of vegetable in salinized soil for the first time, the specific mechanism is probably that 1, the plant osmotic regulation capability is enhanced, the high osmotic pressure of the salinized soil can lead to the dehydration of plant cells, osmotic stress is initiated, the seaweed oligosaccharide can be used as signal molecules to induce the synthesis and accumulation of more osmotic regulation substances (such as proline, soluble sugar, betaine and the like) of the plant, the substances can increase the concentration of cell fluid, maintain the osmotic balance between the cells and the outside, reduce the water loss, relieve the inhibition of osmotic stress on the growth of the plant, 2, the antioxidant defense system is activated, the salt stress can promote the plant cells to generate a large amount of active oxygen, lead to the peroxidation of membrane lipid, the denaturation of protein, the cell structure is damaged, the seaweed oligosaccharide can induce the activities of plant antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and the like, promote the synthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidant substances such as vitamin C and glutathione, effectively remove active oxygen, protect the integrity, reduce the damage of cell membrane and damage to the cells by ion poison, 3, regulating plant hormone and growth metabolism, inducing plant to synthesize auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin and other hormone, promoting root system development (such as increasing root length and root surface area), strengthening water and nutrient absorption capacity, inhibiting excessive accumulation of stress hormone, such as abscisic acid, etc. to release the inhibition of salt stress to plant growth, and 4 improving rhizosphere microenvironment.
The invention continues to research, and discovers that the core components of fertilizers for planting vegetables in different levels of salinization, namely the seaweed oligosaccharide, the halophiles and the polyacrylamide, can be met, and the action mechanism is that 1, the Polyacrylamide (PAM) optimizes the physical structure of the soil, forms a stable aggregate structure through adsorbing soil particles, reduces soil hardening and increases the porosity, thereby improving the water holding capacity of the soil, reducing the osmotic stress of the salt on plants, enhancing the water permeability of the soil, promoting the salt leaching, reducing the surface soil salt accumulation, providing a more stable living environment for microorganisms and plant roots, avoiding severe fluctuation of the salt, and 2, the halophiles regulate the chemical environment and the microecology of the soil, wherein the action comprises the steps of combining Na + into the inside of the soil or converting the soil into a low-toxicity form, secreting extracellular polysaccharide, organic acid and other substances, synergistically enhancing the stability with the PAM, activating the soil, generating plant hormones, directly promoting the plant growth of the plant oligoalgae, and the water resistance of the plant, and the plant can be improved by the synergistic effect of the pH value of the seaweed, and the pH value can be improved, and the plant resistance can be improved by the synergistic effect of the pH value of the plant, and the pH value can be improved. The synergistic effect is characterized in that PAM provides a basic soil environment for microorganisms and plants, plays roles in water retention, salt permeation and hardening prevention, halophiles reduce soil salinity and activate nutrients, clear obstacles for plant growth, seaweed oligosaccharides enhance plant stress resistance and simultaneously reverse feed microorganism growth, and the three forms a closed loop of soil structure improvement, salinity reduction, microorganism activity improvement, plant stress resistance enhancement and soil-plant system virtuous circle, thereby remarkably improving the growth capacity of vegetables in salinized soil.
Experiments prove that the special vegetable fertilizer adopting the core component can be used in different levels of salinized soil, has good effects on different types of vegetables, can improve the yield of the vegetables, shortens the maturation time of the vegetables, can be recycled, can reduce the conductivity of the salinized soil, and can relieve the salinization problem after long-term use.
In some modes, the salt-tolerant microbial composite inoculant also comprises rhizobium pisum (Rhizobium leguminosarum) ACCC 16119 and bacillus agrobacteria (Bacillus edaphicus) ACCC 11029, and the viable count is more than or equal to 2X 10 8 CFU/g.
Through a great deal of experimental researches, the composite microbial agent containing a plurality of microorganisms can be selectively used for enhancing the overall effect of the special fertilizer for salinized vegetable planting, generally, common microorganisms are also stressed by salt in salinized soil to inhibit microbial activity, but the invention discovers that under the condition that the seaweed oligosaccharide exists, the seaweed oligosaccharide can promote the formation of plant-microorganism interaction, provide a carbon source for the living and propagation of the microorganisms, adjust the passage of the microorganisms for resisting the salt stress and the like, and meanwhile, use the composite microbial agent composed of specific strains, and the microorganisms mutually utilize substances such as enzyme, polysaccharide and the like generated by different strains to generate a synergistic effect, so that the composition of the preferable salt-tolerant microbial composite microbial agent can be obtained only by screening; the invention discovers that the synergistic effect exists among the halophiles, the rhizobium peas and the bacillus agrobacterium, and the main reasons are probably that the physiological characteristic differences of the halophiles, the rhizobium peas and the bacillus agrobacterium are complementary, the halophiles are high-salt resistant, the rhizosphere salt concentration can be reduced through metabolism, the microenvironment is improved, more proper survival conditions are provided for the rhizobium peas and the bacillus agrobacterium with weaker salt resistance, the bacillus agrobacterium can generate spores to resist extreme environments, exopolysaccharides are secreted, the exopolysaccharides and extracellular secretions of other two bacteria such as extracellular polymers of the halophiles and nodulation factor related substances of the rhizobium peas form a biological film together, the adhesive capability of the three on salinized soil particles is enhanced, the impact of salt fluctuation on the three is reduced, the rhizobium peas is mainly symbiotic with leguminous plants, but the nitrogen-containing substances generated in the nitrogen fixing process can also counter-feed the other two bacteria through the utilization of seaweed oligosaccharides and metabolic products such as organic acids and the like generated in the non-symbiotic stage, plays a role of supplementing nitrogen sources. In addition, the metabolites of the three substances form a 'mutual feedback cycle', wherein the organic acid secreted by the halophiles can reduce the pH of local soil, relieve high alkali stress, activate insoluble minerals in the soil and provide nutrients for other bacteria, the growth factors such as vitamins, amino acids and the like produced by the agrobacterium tumefaciens can promote the propagation of the rhizobium pisiforms and the metabolic activity of the halophiles, and the signal molecules such as flavonoid response substances released by the rhizobium pisiformis in the propagation process can cooperate with the seaweed oligosaccharides to induce other two bacteria to express stress-resistant related genes, so that the survival ability of the population is further enhanced.
In some modes, the aqueous solution also comprises urea, potassium nitrate and ammonium polyphosphate, wherein the solubility of the ammonium polyphosphate is more than or equal to 150g/100g of water, and the polymerization degree is 2-18.
Through experiments, the ammonium polyphosphate is more suitable for being used as the phosphate fertilizer in the special fertilizer for planting vegetables in a salinization manner, and the reason is probably that the ammonium polyphosphate is easier to be decomposed by microorganisms and metabolic substances in the special fertilizer for planting vegetables in a catalytic way, so that the phosphorus content in the salinization soil is improved.
In some modes, the composition also comprises humic acid, compound amino acid and attapulgite, wherein the humic acid is weathered coal humic acid, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 60 percent, the moisture content is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the compound amino acid comprises glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine.
The composite amino acid can be used as a carbon source to promote microorganism propagation and chelate with metal ions to reduce salt toxicity, can also be directly utilized by plants, regulates a specific physiological process, has high adsorptivity of a layered structure of the attapulgite, can fix free chloride ions in soil, can be used as a fertilizer slow-release carrier to prolong fertilizer efficiency, can absorb water in large quantity, and can form a plurality of small-sized water-retaining units in the soil. Experiments show that the three can pertinently improve the soil structure of the saline soil only by the combined action, and the effects of water retention, salt permeation and hardening prevention are achieved.
In some modes, the zinc-zinc composite material also comprises composite medium trace elements, wherein the composite medium trace elements comprise magnesium sulfate, EDTA-Ca and EDTA-Zn, the calcium content of the EDTA-Ca is more than or equal to 9wt percent, and the zinc content of the EDTA-Zn is more than or equal to 14wt percent.
The chelated calcium (EDTA-Ca) is prevented from reacting with soil sulfate to generate gypsum through a chelated state, meanwhile, the cell wall toughness is enhanced, the salt resistance of vegetables is improved, magnesium sulfate is supplemented to promote chlorophyll synthesis, sulfur can adjust the pH value of soil, the influence of sodium ions on the root system activity is reduced, zinc is also present through the chelated state, the stability of the chelated calcium is superior to that of inorganic state under a high-salt environment, trace element deficiency caused by salt stress can be relieved through direct absorption of root system, and meanwhile, the steric hindrance effect of chelating groups prevents high-concentration sodium ions in saline soil from competing for binding sites.
In some embodiments, octaalkyl glucosides and starch grafted polyacrylates are also included.
The mechanism of the synergistic effect is that the octaalkyl glucoside is used as a nonionic surfactant, so that the surface tension of water is reduced, the penetration of fertilizer in saline soil is promoted, the accumulation of salt on the surface is avoided, the starch grafted polyacrylate has high water absorption rate, a water-retaining microenvironment is formed in the saline soil, the complex stress of drought and salt injury is relieved, the two are compounded, a permeation-water-retaining dual-function layer is formed, the problems of easy hardening and difficult drought in the saline soil are solved, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved.
On the other hand, the invention provides a method for improving the vegetable yield of salinized soil planting, which uses the fertilizer special for salinized vegetable planting containing seaweed oligosaccharide to fertilize.
In still another aspect, the invention provides application of the seaweed oligosaccharide in preparing a reagent for improving the vegetable yield of salinized soil planting, wherein the reagent for improving the vegetable yield of salinized soil planting comprises the seaweed oligosaccharide, a salt-tolerant microbial composite microbial agent and polyacrylamide, the polymerization degree of the seaweed oligosaccharide is 2-50, the content of active ingredients is more than or equal to 90%, the salt-tolerant microbial composite microbial agent comprises halophiles (Halomonas alkaliphila) CGMCC 1.7449, the viable count is more than or equal to 2X 10 8 CFU/g, the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide is 800-1000 ten thousand, the anionicity is 10% -20%, and the cationicity is 30% -60%.
In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. The invention discloses a seaweed oligosaccharide-containing special fertilizer for salinized planted vegetables, which comprises the core components of seaweed oligosaccharide, a salt-tolerant microbial compound microbial agent and polyacrylamide, wherein humic acid, compound amino acid and attapulgite or compound medium trace elements or octaalkyl glucoside and starch grafted polyacrylate can be selectively contained, the components have a synergistic effect, the growth vigor and the yield of vegetables in salinized soil are improved by regulating the relevant physiological paths of the vegetables, improving the soil structure and other ways, the salinization problem of the soil is reduced by recycling, the fertility of the soil is improved, and the application prospect is wide;
2. The seaweed oligosaccharide-containing special fertilizer for salinized vegetable planting can be functionally divided into core components, nutritional components, soil improvement components, compound medium trace elements and synergistic auxiliary materials, and the most preferable component composition of each part is found through experiments, so that the optimal effect can be achieved cooperatively;
3. Experiments show that the fertilizer special for vegetable planting by salinization containing the trehalose can play a role in improving the yield of planting in salinization soil for various different types of vegetables, can play a role in improving the yield for different grades of salinization soil, and can play a role in reducing the salinization process to a certain extent for the salinization soil for repeatedly planting vegetables.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a physical diagram of a seaweed-containing oligosaccharide type salinized vegetable fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples and drawings in the specification, which examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available ones unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 preparation of seaweed oligosaccharide-containing Special fertilizer for salinized vegetable planting
The seaweed oligosaccharide-containing special fertilizer for salinized vegetable planting comprises 5 parts, namely a core component, a nutrient component, a soil improvement component, a compound medium trace element and a synergistic auxiliary material, wherein the core component plays the most critical role of promoting vegetable plant growth in salinized soil, the nutrient component provides nutrients, the soil improvement component is used for improving the salinized soil, the compound medium trace element plays the role of regulating vegetable plant growth, and the synergistic auxiliary material is used for improving the overall effect. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing a core component, namely mixing 10 parts of trehalose, 1 part of salt-tolerant microbial composite microbial agent (alkaline salt-tolerant halomonas (Halomonas alkaliphila) CGMCC 1.7449, rhizobium pea (Rhizobium leguminosarum) ACCC 16119, agrobacterium tumefaciens (Bacillus edaphicus) ACCC 11029 according to a ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g) and 1 part of polyacrylamide according to the mass part, and mixing to obtain 12 parts of the core component.
The preparation of the nutritional ingredients comprises the steps of taking 3 parts of urea, 3 parts of potassium nitrate and 8 parts of ammonium polyphosphate according to parts by mass, and mixing to obtain 14 parts of the nutritional ingredients.
The preparation of the soil improvement component comprises the step of mixing 20 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of compound amino acid (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine respectively 0.5 part) and 3 parts of attapulgite according to the parts by mass to obtain 25 parts of the soil improvement component.
The preparation method of the composite medium trace element comprises the steps of taking 1 part by mass of magnesium sulfate, 1 part by mass of EDTA-Ca and 0.2 part by mass of EDTA-Zn, and mixing to obtain 2.2 parts by mass of the composite medium trace element.
The preparation of the synergistic auxiliary material comprises the steps of taking 0.3 part of octaalkyl glucoside and 0.5 part of starch grafted polyacrylate according to parts by mass, and mixing to obtain 0.8 part of the synergistic auxiliary material.
12 Parts of the obtained core component, 14 parts of the nutrition component, 25 parts of the soil improvement component, 2.2 parts of the compound medium trace elements and 0.8 part of the synergistic auxiliary material are mixed, and the mixture is granulated at a low temperature by extrusion granulating equipment, so that the final sample is black, and the particle size range is 5-15mm, as shown in figure 1.
The specific selection of the components can be performed by referring to the following technical indexes that the polymerization degree of the seaweed oligosaccharide is 2-50, the content of the effective component is more than or equal to 90%, the halophiles (Halomonas alkaliphila) can be purchased from China general microbiological deposit center according to the preservation number of CGMCC 1.7449, the rhizobia pisiformis (Rhizobium leguminosarum) can be purchased from China general microbiological deposit center according to the preservation number of ACCC 16119, the agrobacterium (Bacillus edaphicus) can be purchased from China general microbiological deposit center according to the preservation number of ACCC 11029, the viable count of each strain is more than or equal to 2X 10 8 CFU/g, the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide is 800-1000 ten thousand, the anion degree is 10% -20%, the cation degree is 30% -60%, the solubility of the ammonium polyphosphate is more than or equal to 150g/100g of water, the polymerization degree is 2-18, the calcium content of EDTA-Ca is more than or equal to 9wt%, the zinc content of EDTA-Zn is more than or equal to 14wt%, the other components are all fixed compounds, and the product with purity level of more than 90% is selected.
Example 2 comparison of different Components of fertilizers for salinized vegetable planting
The seaweed oligosaccharide-containing special fertilizer for salinized vegetable planting comprises 5 parts, namely a core component, a nutrient component, a soil improvement component, a compound medium trace element and a synergistic auxiliary material, wherein the core component plays the most critical role of promoting vegetable plants to grow in salinized soil, the nutrient component provides nutrients, the soil improvement component is used for improving the salinized soil, the compound medium trace element plays the role of regulating vegetable plant growth, the synergistic auxiliary material is used for improving the overall efficacy, and the fertilizer is used for comparing the efficacy of the salinized vegetable planting special fertilizer with different components, and any fertilizer needs to contain the nutrient component, so that the common fertilizer only containing the nutrient component is used as a blank control, and the corresponding component is added as an experiment group on the basis of the blank control.
In order to stably test the improvement effect of different fertilizers on planting vegetables in salinized soil, deep soil of the east barren land of Dajiang in Hangzhou pond is selected as tested soil, the soil type is sandy soil, the conductivity test result is 230 mu s/cm, and the soil is used for carrying out potting test on planting vegetables in salinized soil.
The growth cycle of the baby cabbage is short, the baby cabbage is classical fast-growing vegetables and can be planted in mild salinized soil, the baby cabbage is suitable for being planted on sandy soil, the growth of the baby cabbage is similar to that of other main vegetables, the situation that main vegetables are planted in the salinized soil can be reflected, a common four happy variety baby cabbage is selected as a tested vegetable variety, a 120X 40cm foam box is selected for potting, the bottom of the foam box is convenient for draining, 3 plants are planted in a basin, 100g of corresponding fertilizer is added into the soil area of each plant for base fertilizer pre-mixing before sowing, the same batch of baby cabbage seeds are purchased, the baby cabbage seeds with full appearance are selected as tested seeds, the 3 months and 21 days of potting sowing are carried out, the watering, the illumination and the fertilization amount are strictly controlled to be the same, 50g of corresponding fertilizer is added to each plant when 3 rd true leaves are grown, 50g of fertilizer is added after sowing, the fertilizer is applied to the surface soil, the deep-layer seedling stage leaves are quickly combined to form compact leaf balls, if the top of the leaf balls are not pressed, the top of the leaf balls are removed, the leaf balls are completely-filled, the leaf balls are removed, the leaf balls are completely and the mature groups are completely and the mature, and the mature soil is completely and the mature, and the leaf balls are completely-filled in a group is removed (the time is recorded, and the mature time is recorded).
Table 1 shows the average ball weight of the final giant salamander grown by the method according to the above method, and Table 2 shows the growth of the giant salamander grown by the method according to the above method, and Table 2 shows the mature time of the final giant salamander grown by the method according to the above method, and the development of the giant salamander grown by the saline soil grown by the shorter time.
TABLE 1 average ball weights of different component fertilizers and corresponding baby cabbage
TABLE 2 different component fertilizers and corresponding maturation times of baby cabbage
According to the test results, only the fertilizer containing the core component can obviously improve the net vegetable weight of the single plant, obviously shorten the ripening time, the fertilizer without the core component still has no obvious effect even if the fertilizer contains specific soil improvement components or medium trace elements, the core component containing the seaweed oligosaccharide, the salt-tolerant microbial compound microbial agent and the polyacrylamide can promote the growth of vegetables in salinized soil, when the core component is contained, the net vegetable weight of the single plant can be further improved and the ripening time can be further shortened by adding the specific soil improvement components or the medium trace elements, and the efficiency can be further improved when the synergistic auxiliary materials are added.
The synergistic effect is probably caused by the soil layer, the polyacrylamide and the microbial extracellular product improve the structure together, reduce the salt content and create a proper growth matrix for plants, the microbial-plant interaction layer, the salt tolerant bacteria activate nutrients, secrete hormones, the trehalose induce stress resistance and promote absorption, the plant adaptability to stress is synergistically enhanced, and the plant physiological layer, the three layers optimize photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient distribution and development regulation together, accelerate the growth cycle and finally realize yield improvement and maturation time shortening. In addition, the nutrition component, the soil improvement component, the compound medium trace elements and the synergistic auxiliary materials play an auxiliary role in the mechanism, and the auxiliary roles of the components have a synergistic effect.
EXAMPLE 3 efficacy test of core ingredients
For the research of the special fertilizer for planting vegetables by salinization, the research team firstly tests a plurality of components, and finally discovers that the trehalose has the most core efficacy, but the trehalose still depends on the corresponding components to exert the real efficacy.
For the exploration of core components, the early experiments mainly surround substances and microorganisms for regulating plant growth and some reagents with water retention function commonly used in salinization treatment, the specific components are shown in table 3, and the fertilizer is prepared by referring to the method of example 1, except that the fertilizer only contains the core components and the nutritional components in example 1, and the test is performed according to the method of example 2, and in fact, each example is a series of experiments selected from the early and medium experiments and the corresponding results, and table 3 shows the average ball weights of the fertilizer composed of different core components and the corresponding baby vegetables.
TABLE 3 average ball weights of different component fertilizers and corresponding baby cabbage
According to the test results, the seaweed oligosaccharide has remarkable effect of promoting the growth of the baby cabbage in the saline soil in the presence of the salt-tolerant microbial composite microbial agent containing at least halophila and the polyacrylamide, which suggests that a path of the seaweed oligosaccharide effect is influenced by a plant-microorganism interaction mechanism and the polyacrylamide, when any one component is replaced by other components with similar effect, the fertilizer does not have similar effect on the growth of the salted vegetables, the effect is caused by different active substances such as polysaccharide secreted by microorganisms and different structures of the compounds, and the proportion of the seaweed oligosaccharide, the salt-tolerant microbial composite microbial agent and the polyacrylamide is preferably 3-10:1:0.05-1 for the proportion of each component.
EXAMPLE 4 efficacy test of nutritional ingredients
The nutritional ingredients mainly play a role in supporting plant growth, and particularly, under the condition of planting vegetables in a salinization mode, vegetable plants are affected by various ingredients in the fertilizer, the requirements for the nutritional ingredients can be changed to a certain extent, and the nutritional ingredients are conveniently understood by a part of experiments and results in the earlier stage of researches.
For the nutritional ingredients, the preliminary experiments were conducted mainly around the substances providing the nutritional ingredients and the composition ratios thereof, and the specific ingredients are shown in table 4, and the preparation of the fertilizer was conducted by referring to the method of example 1, except that only the nutritional ingredients were adjusted, and the tests were conducted according to the method of example 2, and table 4 shows the average ball weights of the fertilizer with different nutritional ingredients and the corresponding giant salamander.
TABLE 4 average ball weights of different component fertilizers and corresponding baby cabbage
According to the test results, the ammonium polyphosphate is more suitable for being used as phosphate fertilizer in the special vegetable fertilizer for salinized planting, other nitrogenous fertilizers and potash fertilizers are tested in addition to the test, obvious effect distinction is not caused, and experiments conducted according to the invention prove that the mass ratio of urea to potassium nitrate to ammonium polyphosphate is 3-5:3-5:3-8.
EXAMPLE 5 efficacy test of soil improvement component
In consideration of the problems of hardening, poor water retention capacity and the like of salinized soil in structure, certain soil improvement components are added to improve the structure of the soil, and the embodiment exemplifies a part of experiments and results thereof in the earlier stage of research, so that the understanding of the soil improvement components is facilitated.
The present invention focused on the aspects of improving soil organic matter, acting soil through adjusting root growth feedback and improving soil water retention capacity, and selecting related substances based on the purposes, and specific components are shown in table 5, and fertilizer preparation is performed by referring to the method of example 1, except that only the soil improvement components are adjusted, and tests are performed according to the method of example 2, and table 5 shows the average ball weights of fertilizers composed of different soil improvement components and corresponding giant salamander.
TABLE 5 average ball weights of different component fertilizers and corresponding baby cabbage
According to the test results, the yield of the giant salamander planted in the salinized soil can be improved to the greatest extent only by simultaneously containing humic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, serine and attapulgite, and the components have synergistic effect. The amino acid can be directly utilized by plant root systems, so that the type of the amino acid has great influence on vegetable plants, experiments show that the yield of the baby cabbage can be maximized only when glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine are all present, and the attapulgite, perlite and the like have the function of improving the soil water retention property, but only the attapulgite can maximize the yield of the baby cabbage due to the synergistic effect of the attapulgite and other components.
The principle of the method is that the weathered coal humic acid contains carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and other functional groups, can adsorb sodium ions in soil, reduce salt concentration, simultaneously form humic acid-sodium ion complex, discharge along with irrigation water, and the compound amino acid can be used as a carbon source to promote microorganism propagation, can be chelated with metal ions to reduce salt toxicity, can also be directly utilized by plants to regulate specific physiological processes, has high adsorptivity, can fix free chloride ions in soil, can be used as a fertilizer slow-release carrier, prolongs fertilizer efficiency, can absorb a large amount of water, and forms a plurality of small-sized water-retaining units in soil.
Example 6 efficacy test of Complex Medium trace elements
The salinized soil contains a large amount of soluble salts and acidic substances, the content of necessary medium trace elements of plants is small, certain medium trace elements are needed for the growth of vegetables, and especially when the vegetables grow in the salinized soil, the requirement for the medium trace elements is changed to a certain extent due to the regulation of substances such as seaweed oligosaccharides, so that the salinized soil needs to be explored to find out proper compound medium trace elements.
For the compound medium trace elements, the invention examines the elements needed by various vegetables and selects related substances, the specific components are shown in table 6, the preparation of the fertilizer is carried out by referring to the method of the embodiment 1, the difference is that only the compound medium trace elements are adjusted, the test is carried out according to the method of the embodiment 2, and the table 6 shows the average ball weight of the fertilizer composed of the trace elements in different compounds and the corresponding giant salamander.
TABLE 6 average ball weights of different component fertilizers and corresponding baby cabbage
According to the test results, only when the magnesium sulfate, EDTA-Ca and EDTA-Zn are contained simultaneously, the yield of the giant salamander planted in the salinized soil can be improved to the greatest extent, and the components have synergistic effect.
The possible principle is that chelated calcium (EDTA-Ca) is prevented from reacting with soil sulfate to form gypsum through a chelated state, meanwhile, the cell wall toughness is enhanced, the salt resistance of vegetables is improved, magnesium sulfate supplements magnesium to promote chlorophyll synthesis, sulfur can adjust the pH value of soil and reduce the influence of sodium ions on the root system activity, zinc also exists through the chelated state, the stability of the zinc is superior to that of inorganic state in a high-salt environment, trace element deficiency caused by salt stress can be relieved through direct absorption of root system, and meanwhile, the steric hindrance effect of chelating groups prevents high-concentration sodium ions in saline soil from competing for binding sites.
Example 7 efficacy test of synergistic adjuvants
After the above study, the present invention considers that specific synergistic auxiliary materials are added to improve the overall efficacy, and the main consideration is to promote the penetration of fertilizer in saline soil and form a water-retaining microenvironment, and this embodiment exemplifies a part of experiments in the earlier study and the results thereof, so as to facilitate understanding of the synergistic auxiliary materials of the present invention, select relevant substances based on the above purposes, specifically make the preparation of fertilizer according to the method of example 1, and the specific components are shown in table 7, except that only the synergistic auxiliary materials are adjusted, and the test is performed according to the method of example 2, and table 7 shows the average ball weight of fertilizer composed of different synergistic auxiliary materials and corresponding giant baby cabbage.
TABLE 7 average ball weights of different component fertilizers and corresponding baby cabbage
According to the test results, not all synergistic auxiliary materials with functions of promoting the penetration of fertilizer in the saline soil and forming the water-retaining microenvironment can improve the yield of the baby cabbage, the compatibility of the synergistic auxiliary materials with other components in the fertilizer and the feasibility of using the synergistic auxiliary materials in the saline soil are considered, and a large amount of synergistic auxiliary materials of the octaalkyl glucoside and the starch grafted polyacrylate are finally found through screening, so that the overall fertilizer efficiency can be obviously amplified by only small amount of addition, and obvious economic benefits are achieved.
The possible principle is that the octaalkyl glucoside is used as a nonionic surfactant, so that the surface tension of water is reduced, the penetration of fertilizer in saline soil is promoted, the accumulation of surface salt is avoided, the starch grafted polyacrylate has high water absorption rate, a water-retaining microenvironment is formed in the saline soil, the compound stress of drought and salt damage is relieved, a penetration-water-retaining dual-function layer is formed, the problems of easiness in hardening and difficulty in drought due to watering in the saline soil are solved, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved.
Example 8 cyclic planting test
In general, even if vegetable is circularly planted in non-saline soil, salinization of the soil is induced under the condition of continuously applying inorganic fertilizer, then the influence of fertilizer on the salinization process is more needed to be considered for planting vegetables in saline soil, the vegetable is planted according to the scheme in the embodiment 2, root system and soil are stripped when giant salamander is ripe, then the next round of vegetable planting is performed, the planting scheme in the next half year is 8 months and 20 days, and other methods are completely the same as those in the embodiment 2. The conductivity was measured by sampling at the end of each round of planting, and by reference to standard HJ 802-2016, and the results of the soil conductivity test for the cyclic planting and the average globular weight (net vegetable weight) of the baby vegetables are presented in table 8.
TABLE 8 results of the conductivity test of the soil for cyclic planting and the average ball weight (net vegetable weight) of the baby vegetables
According to the test results, the salinization of the soil is slightly aggravated in the first round of planting, the salinization degree of the soil is obviously reduced in the subsequent round of planting, and meanwhile, the yield of the baby cabbage is sequentially improved along with the round of improvement, the principle is that the rapid dissolution of water-soluble inorganic salt, the mineral entrainment of seaweed oligosaccharide and the cationic desorption of acid groups in the fertilizer promote the adsorption of soil colloid to directly cause the conductivity to rise in the first round of planting, the osmotic pressure imbalance of plant roots in the salinized soil is caused, the water absorption and fertilizer absorption efficiency of the roots is low in the first round of planting, fertilizer ions are retained in rhizosphere soil and cannot be effectively absorbed and utilized to form ion accumulation, but in the subsequent course, the soil structure of the salinized soil is constructed through the physical interception and water guiding action of a polymer network and the granular structure of the seaweed oligosaccharide, in addition, the root system promoting effect of the seaweed oligosaccharide, the salt conversion of microorganisms, the antagonism of medium trace elements and the chelation of organic components promote the formation of the soil structure, further salt damage can be brought out by plants, the salt damage can be further, the plant roots can be effectively absorbed by the plant roots, the salt absorption and utilized by the plant roots can not be effectively absorbed by the water absorption and utilized, the ion accumulation is reduced, the ionic accumulation is formed, the soil structure of the salinization soil is improved, the saline soil is further improved by the four rounds of the saline soil is greatly reduced, the soil is greatly reduced, and the quality is lower than the quality of the soil is greatly reduced, and the quality is lower than the quality due to the quality of the soil.
Example 9 different vegetables salinized planting test
The above experiment was mainly conducted by using giant salamander as a vegetable to be tested, in which the present example listed the salinization planting test of other vegetables conducted by the present invention, in order to cover vegetable types as much as possible, giant salamander was used as a representative of root vegetables, tomatoes were used as a representative of fruit vegetables, onions were used as a representative of bulbs, and soybeans were used as a representative of legumes, and the planting was conducted according to the method recommended by the agricultural rural area of the people's republic of China, respectively, and a control group and an experimental group (three parallel groups) were set, the experimental group differing in that the fertilizer in the recommended method was replaced with the fertilizer of example 1 of the present invention, and the yield improvement ratio in the case of using the fertilizer for planting of salinized vegetables of the present invention when the various vegetables were salinized was calculated as in example 2, and the results are shown in table 9.
TABLE 9 salinization planting test of different vegetables
According to the test results, when the main types of vegetables are planted in the slightly salted soil, the yield is obviously improved by applying the special fertilizer for planting the salted vegetables, and the special fertilizer for planting the salted vegetables has applicability to different vegetables.
Example 10 vegetable planting experiments with different degrees of salinization
Above, the situation of vegetable planting under the condition of slight salinization is mainly examined, and the embodiment examines the effect of planting vegetables in the soil with more serious salinization.
The spinach had a good resistance to salinization in leaf vegetables, and a short growth cycle of spinach, and was grown from sowing to harvesting for about 50 days, and a high-stalk spinach ("Rumex") was selected as a test variety, and the test salinized soil was salinized soil of different conductivities obtained from the east of the Yangzhou Qian Jiang, mainly slight salinization (230 μs/cm, 310 μs/cm), moderate salinization (460 μs/cm, 630 μs/cm) and one severe salinization (820 μs/cm), and was planted according to the method recommended by the agricultural rural department of the people's republic of China, respectively, and a control group and an experimental group (three parallel) were set, the experimental group differed in that the fertilizer of the recommended method was replaced with the fertilizer according to the fertilizer of example 1 of the present invention, and the yield improvement ratio of the case of using the special fertilizer for planting of the salted vegetables of the present invention when planting various vegetables was calculated, and the results are shown in table 10.
TABLE 10 vegetable planting tests with different degrees of stain
According to the test results, the special fertilizer for planting the salted vegetables has the effect of improving the vegetable yield for various levels of salted soil.
The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and any equivalent modifications and substitutions easily come within the technical scope of the present invention as those skilled in the art can easily come within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
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