Automatic variable hill-drop seed metering device for paddy rice and seed quantity adjusting method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment, and particularly discloses an automatic variable hill-drop seed metering device for rice and a seed quantity adjusting method thereof.
Background
The prior rice hill-drop seeding device adopts the holes with different sizes or the depth of the seed inlet holes to uniformly adjust the seeding quantity of each hole of the seeding device, so that the seeding quantity of each hole is relatively close and the difference is not large. However, in the rice planting process, the soil fertility of different areas of the same field is different, so that the sowing quantity is suitable for the soil fertility state of different areas, namely, when in hole sowing, the sowing quantity in each hole is correspondingly regulated to the sowing quantity matched with the soil fertility of the area. If the sowing quantity is not matched with the soil fertility, such as when the regional soil fertility is poor, the sowing quantity is large, so that the problems of insufficient nutrition of seeds, plant dysplasia and low yield are caused, and the multicast seeds form waste, so that the sowing quantity is properly reduced, the nutrition of the seeds is ensured, and the high yield is ensured. On the contrary, when the soil fertility of the area is better, the sowing quantity is required to be correspondingly improved so as to fully utilize the soil fertility and be beneficial to improving the yield.
The invention patent with the application number 201711415869.2 discloses a seed sowing device type hole wheel with stepless adjustable rice seed sowing quantity, which comprises a type hole outer wheel, a type hole sliding ejector rod, a type hole volume adjusting cam, an end cover, an adjusting screw rod, a compression spring and a limiting ring, wherein a plurality of groups of guide through holes are formed in the direction from an outer circle to a circle center in the type hole outer wheel, a plurality of groups of fixed groove rails are formed in the type hole volume adjusting cam, a group of type hole sliding ejector rods are nested and matched with the bottom surface of each group of fixed groove rails, seeds to be sowed in a seed sowing chamber are transported to a seed sowing device seed sowing port through a hole accommodating cavity, one end of the adjusting screw rod penetrates through the end cover to be in threaded connection with the type hole volume adjusting cam, the other end of the adjusting screw rod penetrates through the type hole outer wheel to be attached to a large counter hole end surface arranged on the outer side of the type hole outer wheel, and the end cover is fixedly connected with the type hole outer wheel. The invention discloses a seed sowing device hole wheel with a stepless adjustable rice seed sowing amount, which is characterized in that a combined structure of a hole outer wheel, a hole sliding ejector rod, a hole volume adjusting cam, an end cover, an adjusting screw rod, a compression spring and a limiting ring is adopted, and the stepless adjustment of the volume of a hole accommodating cavity is realized through the cooperation of the adjusting screw rod and the compression spring, so that the accurate control of the sowing amount is ensured. However, the stepless adjustable seed metering device for rice seed sowing quantity disclosed by the patent is difficult to realize targeted adjustment of sowing quantity according to the soil fertility state, and the seed metering device needs to be adjusted to the required sowing quantity in advance during seed sowing operation on the two aspects, and can not be used for adjusting holes or seed inlet holes at any time during operation, so that the real-time adjustment of the sowing quantity of each hole is realized during operation. Based on the above, the invention provides an automatic variable hill-drop seed metering device for paddy rice, which can automatically adjust according to the number of required seeds of each hole of paddy rice, can adapt to the demands of different fertility of different field areas on the hill-drop quantity, and can avoid the problems of seed waste and influence on yield caused by unbalanced hill-drop quantity of paddy rice and regional field fertility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic variable hill-drop seeding apparatus for paddy rice and a seeding quantity adjusting method thereof, which can form different relative heights by controlling a steering engine to drive seed containing notch strips and seed feeding holes, so that the seeding quantity of paddy rice in each hole can be adjusted at any time according to requirements, the on-line differential automatic adjustment of the seeding quantity in each hole is realized, and further the requirement of different fertility fields on the adjustment of the hill-drop quantity is met.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The automatic variable-quantity hill-drop rice seeding device comprises a seeding device shell, wherein a seeding disc assembly is arranged in the seeding device shell, a seeding shaft extending out of the right end of the seeding device shell is arranged on the seeding disc assembly, a seed inlet pipe and a conductive slip ring are arranged at the left end of the seeding device shell, and a seed outlet is arranged at the lower end of the seeding device shell;
The seed metering disc assembly comprises a cavity disc and a hole disc, wherein a plurality of steering gears are uniformly and fixedly arranged in the cavity disc in the circumferential direction, steering gears are arranged on each steering gear, the steering gears are connected with a steering gear controller arranged on the right side surface of the cavity disc through wires, the steering gear controllers are connected with conductive slip rings through wires, the left side surface of the cavity disc between two adjacent steering gears is provided with a linear chute which is arranged along the radial direction, the outer circumferential surface of the cavity disc is provided with a seed sowing cavity which is axially aligned with each linear chute and is arranged along the radial direction, and the bottom wall of each linear chute is provided with a vertical bar hole which is communicated with the corresponding seed sowing cavity;
Every all spacing slip is provided with holds kind of notch strip in the straight line spout, holds to be provided with on the kind of notch strip and holds the rack that meshes with steering wheel gear, holds kind of notch strip's inside and has seted up and hold kind of groove, holds kind of notch strip's left surface and has seted up the pan feeding rectangular mouth that is linked together with holding well groove, holds kind of notch strip's right flank and has seted up the play kind of mouth that is linked together with holding kind of groove upper end, the type hole dish is laminated fixed connection with the left end of chamber way dish, and the type hole that advances that is aligned intercommunication with every pan feeding rectangular mouth has been seted up to the upper week Xiang Junyun.
As a further setting of above-mentioned scheme, the bottom of holding kind groove is V font setting, holds kind groove's upper end to the seed guiding inclined plane of seed outlet one side slope, advance kind hole and be oval shape setting, and advance kind hole's major axis direction and the type hole disk rotation tangential direction of corresponding position department the same.
As a further arrangement of the scheme, a plurality of comb guide convex teeth are uniformly arranged on the left side face of the hole plate positioned at the inner side of the seed inlet type hole.
As a further setting of above-mentioned scheme, a plurality of steering wheel mounting grooves have evenly been seted up to circumference on the left surface of chamber way dish, and the side in steering wheel mounting groove is provided with the wire casing, the steering wheel is fixed to be set up in the steering wheel mounting groove, and the wire on the steering wheel is connected with the interface that corresponds on the steering wheel controller after passing through the wire casing.
As a further arrangement of the scheme, the conductive slip ring is arranged at the center of the left side surface of the shell of the seed metering device, the left end of the conductive slip ring is sequentially externally connected with the upper computer device and the power supply, and a total wire on the steering engine controller penetrates through the center of the seed metering disc assembly and then is connected with the conductive slip ring.
As a further arrangement of the scheme, a limiting block is arranged on the seed accommodating groove opening strip, and a stop block for stopping the limiting block from continuously sliding towards the circle center is arranged at the side end, close to the circle center, of the linear sliding groove.
As a further setting of the scheme, the seed metering device shell comprises a left shell and a right shell, the seed inlet pipe and the conductive slip ring are arranged on the left shell, a bearing matched with the seed metering shaft is arranged at the center of the right shell, and the seed metering port is arranged at the bottom of the right shell.
The invention also discloses a method for adjusting the seeding quantity based on the automatic variable hill-drop seeding apparatus for paddy rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The rice seeds are filled into the shell of the seed metering device through the seed inlet pipe, so that the rice seeds are collected at the bottom of the shell of the seed metering device at the left side of the seed metering disc assembly to form a seed filling area;
(2) In the advancing process of the machine tool, the seed metering shaft drives the seed metering disc assembly to rotate, an upper computer device guides the adjustment parameters of the steering engine to form control data according to actual fertility indexes of different areas of a field, the control data are transmitted to a steering engine controller through a conductive slip ring, then before each seed containing notch strip rotates to enter a seed filling area, the steering engine controller controls the corresponding steering engine to rotate by a preset angle, and the seed containing notch strips are enabled to radially move by corresponding distances under the meshing transmission of the steering engine gear and racks on the seed containing notch strips, so that independent adjustment of the relative heights between the seed containing notch strips and corresponding seed feeding holes is realized;
(3) The seed containing notch strips with the adjusted relative heights sequentially enter a seed filling area under the action of the seed metering disc assembly, and rice seeds in the seed filling area enter a seed containing groove through a seed inlet type hole until the rice seeds in the seed containing groove are filled to the same height as the peripheral edge of the seed inlet type hole, so that independent adjustment of the quantity of the rice seeds in each seed containing notch strip is realized;
(4) The seed containing notch strip after seed filling is carried with the filled rice seeds to rotate to the top end under the action of the seed metering disc assembly, and then the rice seeds enter the interior of the seed discharging cavity through the seed outlet under the combined action of gravity and the seed guiding inclined plane;
(5) And finally, when the seed containing notch strip rotates to be aligned with the seed discharging port in the radial direction, the rice seeds in the seed discharging cavity channel are discharged from the seed discharging port to finish precise hill-drop.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The automatic variable-rate hill-drop rice seeding apparatus disclosed by the invention adopts a steering engine as an independent driving source, and combines a transmission mode of a gear rack to drive seed containing notch strips and seed inlet holes to form different relative heights, then under the combined action of the shapes of the seed inlet holes and comb guide convex teeth, rice seeds are filled in the seed containing holes in a state that the long axes of the rice seeds are approximately parallel to the long axes of the seed inlet holes, and under the guidance of the wall surfaces of the seed containing grooves, the rice seeds are guided and stacked in the V-shaped seed containing grooves in a homeopathic manner, so that the relative heights of the seed inlet holes and the seed containing grooves are regulated through the steering engine, and the seed filling amount in the seed containing grooves is changed, and the accurate regulation of the hill-drop rice seeding amount can be realized.
2. When the automatic variable-rate hill-drop rice seeding apparatus disclosed by the invention is used for seeding operation with larger fertility difference in field areas, the adjusting parameters of the steering engine guide the upper computer device to form pwm signal data through actual fertility indexes of different field areas, then the pwm signal data are input into the steering engine controller through the conductive slip ring, so that pulse quantities of different steering engines are controlled by changing signal pulse widths, then before the seed containing notch strips rotate to a seed filling area, each steering engine can rotate by corresponding angles, radial movement of the seed containing notch strips is realized by combining with a transmission mode of a gear rack, so that each group of seed feeding holes and seed containing grooves are at different relative heights, further, on-line targeted adjustment of seeding quantity of each hole is realized, differential seed sowing of each hole is completed, different fertility of different field areas can be adapted through the targeted adjustment of the hole sowing quantity, rice seeds are saved, and the improvement of yield is facilitated.
3. The automatic variable hill-drop seeding apparatus for paddy rice disclosed by the invention can realize the same adjustment of hill-drop quantity as the traditional seeding apparatus, and can adjust all steering engines to the same preset value by switching different hill-drop quantity adjusting methods, such as switching to the same hill-drop quantity adjusting method, before operation, and then can uniformly adjust each group of seed feeding holes and seed containing grooves to the required relative height by controlling the steering engines according to the hill-drop quantity requirement, so that each hill can reach similar seeding quantity.
4. The automatic variable hill-drop rice seed metering device disclosed by the invention can drive the seed containing notch strip to rapidly and radially reciprocate through forward and reverse rapid rotation switching of the steering engine, so that the phenomenon of rice seed clamping in the seed containing notch strip is avoided, and the effect of vibration seed cleaning is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a perspective exploded view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the structure of the seed metering disc assembly of the present invention with the hole plate removed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seed plate assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the cavity plate of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first angular side plan view of the cavity plate of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second angular side plan view of the cavity plate of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of a seed holding notch bar according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a seed holding slot bar according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seed holding notch bar according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1A according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 3B according to the present invention;
Fig. 12 is a schematic perspective sectional structure of the cavity plate in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present application, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 12, and examples thereof.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 discloses a rice automatic variable hole sowing seed metering device, which comprises a seed metering device shell consisting of a left shell 1 and a right shell 5, wherein a seed metering disc assembly 4 is arranged in the seed metering device shell, a seed metering shaft 6 is rotatably connected through a bearing at the center of the side surface of the right shell 5, and then the seed metering shaft 6 is connected with a mounting hole at the center of the seed metering disc assembly 4, so that the seed metering disc assembly 4 can rotate at a set speed and direction under the action of the seed metering shaft 6.
The seed metering disc assembly 4 comprises a cavity disc 40 and a hole disc 41, wherein a plurality of steering engine mounting grooves 401 are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction on the left side surface of the cavity disc 40, and meanwhile, wire penetrating grooves 405 are formed in the side of the steering engine mounting grooves 401. A steering engine 42 is fixedly arranged in each steering engine mounting groove 401 through a screw, and a wire on the steering engine 42 extends into the right shell 5 through a corresponding threading groove 405. The steering engine controller 3 is fixedly arranged on the right side surface of the cavity plate 40 through screws, and the end part of a steering engine 2 wire passing through the wire passing groove 405 is connected with a corresponding interface on the steering engine controller 3, so that the steering engine controller 3 can control each steering engine 42 to independently rotate for a certain angle. In addition, a conductive slip ring 2 is installed at the center of the left casing 1, and a main wire on the steering engine controller 3 penetrates through a main wire perforation 407 at the center of the seed metering disc assembly 4 and then is connected with the conductive slip ring 2 through the left end of the conductive slip ring 2 and externally connected with an upper computer device (not shown in the figure) and a power supply.
A steering gear 43 is provided on the output shaft of each steering gear 42. A linear chute 402 which is arranged along the radial direction is arranged on the cavity plate 40 between every two adjacent steering engine mounting grooves 401, then a seed containing notch strip 44 is arranged in each linear chute 402 in a limiting sliding manner, and a rack 441 which is meshed with the steering engine gear 43 at the side is arranged on one side surface of the seed containing notch strip 44, so that the seed containing notch strip 44 can slide along the radial direction under the driving of the steering engine 42 and the meshing transmission of the steering engine gear 43 and the rack 441. In addition, a limiting block 446 is further arranged on the seed containing notch strip 44, and a groove stop block capable of preventing the limiting block 446 from continuously sliding towards the circle center is arranged at the side end, close to the circle center, of the linear chute 402, so that the seed containing notch strip 44 is prevented from sliding from the inner end of the linear chute 402.
A seed cavity 403 is formed in the circumferential surface of the cavity plate 40 in axial alignment with each of the linear sliding grooves 402 in the radial direction, and a vertical bar hole 404 communicating with the seed cavity 403 is formed in the bottom wall of the linear sliding groove 402. The seed holding groove opening strip 44 is internally provided with a seed holding groove 442 with a V-shaped bottom, the left side surface of the seed holding groove opening strip 44 is provided with a feeding strip opening 443 closely attached to the hole plate 41, and the feeding strip opening 443 is communicated with the seed holding groove 442. A seed outlet 444 is formed on the right side surface of the seed containing slot opening strip 44, the seed outlet 444 is communicated with the upper end of the seed containing slot 442, and a seed guiding inclined surface 445 inclined to one side of the seed outlet 444 is arranged at the upper end of the seed containing slot 442.
The hole plate 41 is attached to the left side surface of the cavity plate 40, and the hole plate 41 is fixedly attached to the cavity plate 40 through fastening connection of screws and threaded holes in the cavity plate 40, and the hole plate 41 separates a steering engine 42, a steering engine gear 43 and a seed containing notch strip 44 from the left shell 1, and meanwhile the hole plate 41 and the cavity plate 40 can synchronously rotate under the action of a seed sowing shaft 6.
Seed feeding holes 411 which are communicated with the feed strip openings 443 on each seed containing notch strip 44 in an aligned mode are formed in the hole plate 41, the plurality of seed feeding holes 411 are arranged on the same annular line of the hole plate 41 in an annular array mode, the shape of each seed feeding hole 411 is in a kidney-shaped design, the long axis direction of each seed feeding hole 411 is consistent with the rotation tangential direction of the hole plate 41 at the geometric center position of the corresponding seed feeding hole, and finally a plurality of comb guide convex teeth 412 are uniformly arranged on the left side face of the hole plate 41 at the inner side of the row of seed feeding holes 411. Through the structural design of the hole plate 41, the seed filling area can be loosely guided by the comb guide teeth 412 in the rotation process of the hole plate 41 to feed the seed group in the movement area of the hole 411, so that the long axis direction of the seed is basically consistent with the tangential direction of the rotation of the hole plate 41, the seed is directionally filled along the long axis direction of the hole 411 by the aid of the waist-round hole 411, and the seed is directionally filled by the aid of the groove wall surface of the V-shaped seed containing groove 442, so that the seed can be smoothly guided and stacked at the bottom of the V-shaped seed containing groove 442.
Finally, a seed inlet pipe 10 communicated with the inner cavity of the shell of the seed sowing device is connected to the left shell 1, and rice seeds in a seed box (not shown in the drawing) can be introduced into a seed charging area below the left side of the hole plate 41 through the seed inlet pipe 10. A seed discharging port 50 for discharging rice seeds is provided at the bottom of the right housing 5, and the seed discharging port 50 is located at the same axial position of the entire seed metering device as the seed discharging channel 403 provided on the channel plate 40, so that rice seeds discharged from the seed discharging channel 403 can be discharged from the seed discharging port 50.
In the running process of the automatic variable-rate hill-drop rice seed metering device disclosed in the embodiment 1, rice seeds enter the left shell 1 through the seed inlet pipe 10 and are collected at the bottom of the inner side of the left shell 1 to form a seed filling area, and then the whole seed metering disc assembly 4 is driven to rotate together through the seed metering shaft 6. During the rotation of the seed metering disc assembly 4, the rice seeds at the bottom of the left shell 1 are close to the hole disc 41, and enter the seed inlet holes 411 under the action of the comb guide teeth 412. Meanwhile, the upper computer device guides the pwm adjusting parameters of the steering engine 42 to form control data through actual fertility indexes of different areas of the field, the control data are transmitted to the steering engine controller 3 through the conductive slip ring 2, then before the seed containing notch strip 44 rotates to a seed filling area, the steering engine controller 3 can control the steering engine 42 to independently rotate by corresponding angles through the received data, and then the seed containing notch strip 44 moves by corresponding distances along the radial direction of the linear chute 402 under the meshing transmission of the steering engine gear 43 and the rack 441, so that the independent adjustment of the relative height between the seed containing notch strip 44 and the hole plate 41 is realized, and finally the control adjustment of the number of rice seeds in the seed containing groove 442 filled in the seed containing notch strip 44 is realized.
With the continuous rotation of the whole seed metering disc assembly 4 driven by the seed metering shaft 6, when the seed containing notch strip 44 after the completion of seed filling rotates to the upper end, at this moment, under the combined action of gravity and the seed guiding inclined plane 445, the rice seeds enter the seed discharging cavity 403 through the seed outlet 444, and are rapidly rotated and switched forward and backward through the steering engine 42, the seed containing notch strip 44 is driven to rapidly and radially reciprocate, the rice seeds possibly blocked in the seed containing groove 442 can be rapidly removed through vibration, the vibration seed cleaning in the seed containing groove 442 is realized, and then when the seed discharging cavity 403 is rotationally moved to the seed discharging port 50, each hole of rice seeds can be discharged from the seed discharging port 50.
In addition, the automatic variable hill-drop seed metering device for paddy rice disclosed in this embodiment 1 can also realize the same adjustment of hill-drop amount as the traditional seed metering device, that is, before operation, by switching different hill-drop amount adjustment methods, for example, switching to the same adjustment method of hill-drop amount, all steering engines 42 can be adjusted to the same preset value through an upper computer device, and then each group of seed feeding type holes and seed holding notch strips 44 can be uniformly adjusted to the required relative height through controlling the steering engines 42 according to the hill-drop amount requirement, so that the similar seeding amount of each hole in the subsequent seed metering process is realized.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.