CN120206035A - Laser cutting machine with slag removal mechanism and control method thereof - Google Patents
Laser cutting machine with slag removal mechanism and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN120206035A CN120206035A CN202510399527.4A CN202510399527A CN120206035A CN 120206035 A CN120206035 A CN 120206035A CN 202510399527 A CN202510399527 A CN 202510399527A CN 120206035 A CN120206035 A CN 120206035A
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- slag
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
- B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
- B08B1/16—Rigid blades, e.g. scrapers; Flexible blades, e.g. wipers
- B08B1/165—Scrapers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B5/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of air flow or gas flow
- B08B5/04—Cleaning by suction, with or without auxiliary action
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
本申请提供一种带有除渣机构的激光切割机及其控制方法，激光切割机包括激光切割头设置于切割工作台上方；除渣机构同轴套设在激光切割头外部，包括集气罩通过双自由度调心轴承与激光切割头连接，集气罩内具有第一腔体，第一腔体内设有螺旋导流槽，螺距从底部向顶部渐缩，且集气罩底部开设有与螺旋导流槽连通的环形进气口：离心风机固定于集气罩顶部；刮渣组件包括设于集气罩底部的多个刮刀，刮刀周向呈阵列分布于环形进气口外，刮刀可贴合于待切割工件表面移动，以刮除待切割工件表面的熔渣。该激光切割机可扩大吸渣范围并提升气流对熔渣的卷吸效率，同时刮刀可沿工件表面贴合式移动，减少漏刮区域，优化除渣效果。
The present application provides a laser cutting machine with a slag removal mechanism and a control method thereof, wherein the laser cutting machine comprises a laser cutting head arranged above a cutting workbench; the slag removal mechanism is coaxially sleeved outside the laser cutting head, and comprises an air collecting hood connected to the laser cutting head through a double-degree-of-freedom self-aligning bearing, the air collecting hood has a first cavity, a spiral guide groove is arranged in the first cavity, the pitch gradually decreases from the bottom to the top, and an annular air inlet connected to the spiral guide groove is opened at the bottom of the air collecting hood: a centrifugal fan is fixed at the top of the air collecting hood; a slag scraping assembly comprises a plurality of scrapers arranged at the bottom of the air collecting hood, the scrapers are circumferentially distributed in an array outside the annular air inlet, and the scrapers can be moved in contact with the surface of the workpiece to be cut to scrape off the slag on the surface of the workpiece to be cut. The laser cutting machine can expand the slag suction range and improve the efficiency of the airflow to suck the slag, and at the same time, the scraper can move in contact with the surface of the workpiece, reduce the missed scraping area, and optimize the slag removal effect.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a laser cutting machine with a slag removing mechanism and a control method thereof.
Background
In the field of industrial processing, a laser cutting machine is widely applied to accurately cutting various materials, and with continuous improvement of requirements on cutting precision and quality in manufacturing industry, slag problems generated in the cutting process are more and more remarkable.
In the prior art, slag removal mainly depends on negative pressure suction or mechanical scraping by a rigid scraper, but has the limitation that the traditional negative pressure slag suction device has single airflow structure, slag is easy to adhere to the surface of a workpiece or in a cutting seam when a high-reflectivity or high-viscosity material is cut, the conventional negative pressure is difficult to thoroughly remove, the scraper is difficult to be attached to the surface of the workpiece, local scraping or uneven scraping pressure is easy to occur, and the limitations lead to poor slag removal effect and poor adaptability of a laser cutting machine.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks or shortcomings in the prior art, the present application is directed to a laser cutting machine with a deslagging mechanism and a control method thereof, so as to improve deslagging effect of the laser cutting machine.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a laser cutting machine with a slag removal mechanism, comprising:
The cutting machine comprises a frame, wherein a cutting workbench is arranged on the frame and used for placing a workpiece to be cut:
The laser cutting head is arranged above the cutting workbench, and the light emitting direction of the laser cutting head is perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece to be cut;
The deslagging mechanism, the deslagging mechanism is coaxially sleeved outside the laser cutting head, and the deslagging mechanism comprises:
The gas collecting channel comprises a gas collecting channel, wherein the gas collecting channel is connected with the laser cutting head through a double-freedom-degree aligning bearing, a spiral diversion trench is arranged in the gas collecting channel, the pitch of the spiral diversion trench is gradually reduced from the bottom to the top, and an annular gas inlet communicated with the spiral diversion trench is formed in the bottom of the gas collecting channel:
The centrifugal fan is fixed at the top of the gas-collecting hood, and the axis of the impeller of the centrifugal fan is overlapped with the rotation axis of the gas-collecting hood;
The slag scraping assembly comprises a plurality of scrapers arranged at the bottom of the gas collecting hood, the scrapers are circumferentially distributed outside the annular gas inlet in an array mode, and the scrapers can be attached to the surface of a workpiece to be cut and move so as to scrape slag on the surface of the workpiece to be cut.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the side, close to the cutting workbench, of the gas collecting hood is provided with the annular first surface, the side, close to the center, of the first surface is provided with the annular gas inlet in a slit shape, the periphery of the outer edge, far away from the center, of the first surface is uniformly distributed with a plurality of first guide grooves, the extending direction of each first guide groove is the radial direction of the gas collecting hood, the scraper is embedded in each first guide groove, the scraper can move in the first guide groove along the first direction and the second direction, the first direction is the axial direction of the gas collecting hood, and the second direction is the radial direction of the gas collecting hood.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, two limiting inclined tables are arranged in the first guide groove, the height direction of each limiting inclined table is the first direction, the limiting inclined tables gradually approach the center of the gas collecting hood along the second direction, the inclined planes of the limiting inclined tables gradually decrease from the height of the cutting workbench, a first gap is arranged between the two limiting inclined tables, a second guide groove is arranged on the top surface of the first guide groove in the first gap, and guide blocks are connected in a sliding manner in the second guide groove, and the scraper comprises:
A scraper body;
The guide rod is arranged in the first gap, one end of the guide rod is slidably connected to the scraper body, and the other end of the guide rod is connected with the guide block; the sliding direction of the guide rod relative to the scraper body is the first direction, and the sliding direction of the guide rod relative to the second guide groove is the second direction;
the pre-tightening assembly comprises a spring sleeved on the guide rod, and the spring provides pre-tightening force so that the back surface of the scraper body is always attached to the inclined surface of the limiting inclined table.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the guide rod is connected with the guide block through the axial sliding pair, the sliding direction of the axial sliding pair is the first direction, the guide block is provided with the sliding groove extending along the first direction, the end part of the guide rod is fixedly provided with the sliding block, the sliding block can slide along the sliding groove, the spring is sleeved on the guide rod between the sliding block and the scraper body, and the two ends of the spring are respectively abutted against the back surfaces of the sliding block and the scraper body.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the scraper body is provided with the scraping state and the retraction state, in the scraping state, the scraper body extends out of the first guide groove, the bottom surface of the scraper body is lower than the bottom surface of the gas collecting hood, and in the retraction state, the scraper body retracts into the first guide groove, and the bottom surface of the scraper body is higher than the bottom surface of the gas collecting hood.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the first guide groove is internally provided with the airflow compensation hole communicated with the spiral guide groove, and when the scraper body is in a retracted state, the airflow compensation hole can release auxiliary airflow into the first guide groove.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a control method of a laser cutting machine with a slag removing mechanism, which is implemented based on the laser cutting machine with the slag removing mechanism, and includes the following steps:
Acquiring workpiece information of the workpiece to be cut, and obtaining the initial rotating speed of the centrifugal fan according to the workpiece information, wherein the workpiece information comprises the material and the thickness of the workpiece;
Controlling the laser cutting machine to cut the workpiece to be cut, and controlling the centrifugal fan to run at the initial rotating speed;
Acquiring real-time slag information of a cutting area in real time, wherein the real-time slag information comprises real-time slag splash density;
If the real-time slag splashing density is larger than a first preset threshold value, obtaining a target rotating speed of the centrifugal fan according to the real-time slag information and the screw pitch information of the spiral diversion trench, wherein the target rotating speed is larger than the initial rotating speed;
and controlling the centrifugal fan to run at the target rotating speed so as to suck the splashed slag in the cutting area.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, after the laser cutting machine is controlled to cut the workpiece to be cut, the method further comprises the following steps:
monitoring the adhering slag on the surface of the workpiece to be cut in real time to obtain a slag scraping area, wherein the slag scraping area is an area with the density of the adhering slag being larger than a second preset threshold in real time;
Matching corresponding target scrapers according to the to-be-scraped slag region, and obtaining a radial moving path of the target scrapers, wherein the target scrapers are the scrapers closest to the to-be-scraped slag region;
Controlling the target doctor blade to move along the radial moving path.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the real-time slag information also comprises a real-time slag splashing direction;
after the real-time slag information of the cutting area is obtained in real time, the method further comprises the following steps:
if the deviation between the real-time slag splashing direction and the initial diversion direction of the spiral diversion trench exceeds a preset angle, obtaining a slag concentration area according to the slag splashing direction;
Obtaining target deflection information of the spiral diversion trench according to the slag concentration area, wherein the target deflection information comprises a deflection direction and a deflection angle;
And adjusting the double-freedom-degree aligning bearing to deflect according to the target deflection information, and physically compressing the spiral line of the spiral diversion trench at the side corresponding to the slag concentration area so as to reduce the actual pitch of the spiral diversion trench at the side corresponding to the slag concentration area.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the control target scraper moves in a radial moving path, and the method comprises the following steps:
Identifying morphological characteristics of adhering slag in real time, matching a target scraping mode according to the morphological characteristics, controlling a target scraper to move in a radial moving path, and scraping slag in the scraping mode;
The matching of the target scraping mode according to the morphological characteristics comprises the following steps:
if the slag is in a sheet-shaped adhesion state, matching a high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration mode as a target scraping mode, wherein a piezoelectric ceramic sheet for realizing high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration is arranged on the scraper body;
If the hardness of the slag exceeds the preset hardness, matching an auxiliary airflow mode as a target scraping mode, wherein the auxiliary airflow mode is to open the airflow compensation hole so as to release pulse auxiliary airflow.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that through the design of the coaxial gas collecting cover and the spiral diversion trench, the rotating airflow of the centrifugal fan is utilized to form the accelerating vortex with a tapered pitch in the spiral diversion trench, so that the negative pressure intensity at the annular air inlet is enhanced along with the increase of the height, the slag suction range is enlarged, the slag suction efficiency of the airflow is improved, the gas collecting cover can adaptively deflect along with the laser cutting head by the double-freedom-degree self-aligning bearing, the slag suction airflow is always aligned to the cutting area, and the airflow deflection caused by the movement of the laser head is avoided. Meanwhile, the scrapers of the circumferential array can be matched with negative pressure slag suction, slag is firstly adhered to the surface of the scraper by mechanical stripping, then loose slag is sucked into the gas collecting hood by negative pressure airflow, so that scraping-suction cooperation is realized, and the scrapers can move along the surface of a workpiece in a fitting way, so that the scrapers adapt to the profile change of a curved surface or an uneven workpiece, and the scraping leakage area is reduced. In addition, the gas collecting hood, the centrifugal fan and the scraper component are coaxially integrated outside the laser cutting head, extra occupied processing space is not needed, interference of an external slag removal mechanism on a laser head movement path is avoided, airflow acceleration is realized in a limited space through a tapered pitch structure of the spiral diversion trench, and energy utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser cutting machine with a slag removal mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a spiral diversion trench provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a doctor blade body according to an embodiment of the present application in a retracted state;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of steps of a control method of a laser cutting machine with a slag removing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application.
The text labels in the figures are expressed as:
1. The device comprises a frame, a laser cutting head, a gas collecting hood, a spiral diversion trench, a 32 annular gas inlet, a 33 slag scraping component, a 331 first guide trench, a 332 limit inclined table, a 333 scraper body, a 334 guide block, a 335 pre-tightening component, a 336 guide rod, a 337 first gap, a 4 double-freedom-degree aligning bearing and a 5 cutting workbench.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not limiting of the application. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the application are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Example 1
As mentioned in the background art, in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a laser cutting machine with a slag removing mechanism, please refer to fig. 1, which includes:
The machine frame 1, be equipped with cutting workstation 5 on the frame 1, cutting workstation 5 is used for placing the work piece of waiting to cut:
the laser cutting head 2 is arranged above the cutting workbench 5, and the light emitting direction of the laser cutting head 2 is perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece to be cut;
The deslagging mechanism is coaxially sleeved outside the laser cutting head 2 and comprises:
The gas-collecting channel 3, the gas-collecting channel 3 pass through two degree of freedom aligning bearings 4 with laser cutting head 2 is connected, be equipped with spiral guiding gutter 31 in the gas-collecting channel 3, the pitch of spiral guiding gutter 31 is from bottom to top convergent, just the annular air inlet 32 that communicates with spiral guiding gutter 31 has been seted up to gas-collecting channel 3 bottom:
The centrifugal fan is fixed at the top of the gas-collecting hood 3, and the impeller axis of the centrifugal fan is overlapped with the rotation axis of the gas-collecting hood 3;
The slag scraping assembly 33, the slag scraping assembly 33 comprises a plurality of scrapers arranged at the bottom of the gas collecting hood 3, the scrapers are circumferentially distributed outside the annular gas inlet 32 in an array manner, and the scrapers can be attached to the surface of a workpiece to be cut and move so as to scrape slag on the surface of the workpiece to be cut.
Specifically, the frame 1 is a welded steel frame, the top of the frame is horizontally provided with a cutting workbench 5, and the surface of the workbench is provided with grid-shaped air holes for supporting a workpiece to be cut and allowing slag to leak downwards. The laser cutting head 2 is vertically arranged right above the cutting workbench 5 through a Z-axis sliding rail, the light emitting direction is vertical to the surface of a workpiece, and the focal length is adjustable. The two-degree-of-freedom aligning bearing 4 allows the gas cap 3 to rotate about the axis of the laser cutting head 2 (degree of freedom 1) and deflect within ±5° (degree of freedom 2) to accommodate the cutting head movement trajectory. The spiral diversion trench 31 rises spirally along the inner wall of the gas-collecting hood 3, alternatively, the pitch is gradually reduced from 10mm at the bottom (near the workpiece side) to 3mm at the top, the cross section of the diversion trench is semicircular (radius 5 mm), and the bottom is communicated with the annular gas inlet 32. The centrifugal fan is fixed at the top of the gas-collecting hood 3, the axis of the impeller coincides with the rotation axis of the gas-collecting hood 3, the ratio of the diameter of the impeller to the inner diameter of the gas-collecting hood 3 is 0.8:1, and the rotating speed is 500-3000rpm. The slag scraping assembly 33 comprises 6 scrapers which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The two-degree-of-freedom self-aligning bearing 4 is referred to herein as a knuckle bearing that is rotatable about an axis (first degree of freedom) and deflectable in a plane perpendicular to the axis (second degree of freedom). The pitch taper means that the axial distance between two adjacent turns of the spiral diversion trench 31 gradually decreases from the bottom to the top.
In the embodiment, the centrifugal fan drives the air flow to form high-speed vortex in the spiral diversion trench 31, the air flow is accelerated by the tapered pitch, the negative pressure suction force of the annular air inlet 32 is enhanced, the scraper mechanically scrapes and the negative pressure sucks slag in a synergistic effect, so that the slag removing efficiency can be improved, and the method is particularly suitable for high-viscosity slag materials such as stainless steel and aluminum alloy (namely, the materials suitable for workpieces to be cut are stainless steel and aluminum alloy materials).
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the side of the gas collecting hood 3 near the cutting table 5 has a first annular surface, the side of the first surface near the center is provided with a slit-shaped annular gas inlet 32, a plurality of first guide grooves 331 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the outer edge of the first surface far from the center, the extending direction of the first guide grooves 331 is the radial direction of the gas collecting hood 3, the scraping blades are embedded in each first guide groove 331, the scraping blades can move in the first guide grooves 331 along a first direction and a second direction, the first direction is the axial direction of the gas collecting hood 3, and the second direction is the radial direction of the gas collecting hood 3.
Specifically, the radial layout of the first guide groove 331 makes the movement track of the scraper cover the circumference of the cutting area, the radial movement of the scraper can adjust the scraping range, and the axial movement realizes the self-adaptive compensation of the height of the scraper. The design is suitable for processing curved surfaces or uneven workpieces, and improves the universality of deslagging.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, two limiting ramps 332 are disposed in the first guide groove 331, the height direction of the limiting ramps 332 is the first direction, along the second direction, the limiting ramps gradually approach the center of the gas collecting hood 3, the inclined plane of the limiting ramps 332 gradually decreases from the height of the cutting table 5, a first gap 337 is disposed between the two limiting ramps 332, a second guide groove is disposed on the top surface of the first guide groove 331 in the first gap 337, and a guide block 334 is slidably connected in the second guide groove, and the scraper comprises:
A scraper body 333;
the guide rod 336 is disposed in the first gap 337, one end of the guide rod 336 is slidably connected to the scraper body 333, and the other end is connected to the guide block 334, the sliding direction of the guide rod 336 relative to the scraper body 333 is the first direction, and the sliding direction of the guide rod 336 relative to the second guide groove is the second direction;
The pre-tightening assembly 335, the pre-tightening assembly 335 includes a spring sleeved on the guide rod 336, and the spring provides a pre-tightening force, so that the back surface of the scraper body 333 always fits the inclined surface of the limiting ramp 332.
Specifically, two limiting inclined tables 332 are symmetrically arranged in the first guide groove 331, the inclined plane of each limiting inclined table 332 forms an included angle of 15 degrees with the horizontal plane, the height of the inclined plane decreases from 8mm to 2mm along the radial direction towards the center of the gas collecting hood 3, a first gap 337 is formed between the two limiting inclined tables 332, the width is 5mm, a second guide groove is arranged at the top of each limiting inclined table, the guide block 334 is connected in a sliding mode in the groove, the back surface of the scraper body 333 is parallel to the inclined plane of each limiting inclined table 332, the contact surface is coated with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer, one end of the guide rod 336 is connected with the scraper body 333 through a spherical hinge, the other end of the guide rod 334 is fixed through a screw, the spring is sleeved on the guide rod 336, and the spring rigidity is 50N/mm, and the pretightening force is 100N. The back of the scraper body 333 is attached to the inclined surface of the limiting inclined table 332, the spring pushes the scraper body 333 downwards to ensure contact pressure, and the guide block 334 slides radially in the second guide groove to drive the scraper body 333 to move. The spherical hinge allows the doctor body 333 to deflect within ±2° to accommodate surface tilting.
In this embodiment, the height of the scraper is constrained by the slope of the limiting ramp 332, the spring provides constant pressure, and the guide rod 336 transmits radial driving force. The scraper pressure is stable, avoids the pressure fluctuation that leads to because of the work piece is uneven. The cooperation of the limiting ramp 332 and the spring achieves self-adjustment of the scraper pressure, and overload or failure of the scraper due to uneven workpiece surface is avoided. The structure prolongs the service life of the scraper and ensures the stability of the scraping slag.
In a preferred embodiment, the guide rod 336 is connected to the guide block 334 through an axial sliding pair, the sliding direction of the axial sliding pair is the first direction, a sliding groove extending along the first direction is formed in the guide block 334, a sliding block is fixed at an end of the guide rod 336, the sliding block can slide along the sliding groove, the spring is sleeved on the guide rod 336 between the sliding block and the scraper body 333, and two ends of the spring respectively abut against the sliding block and the back surface of the scraper body 333.
Specifically, the guide rod 336 is connected to the guide block 334 through an axial sliding pair, the sliding pair comprises a sliding groove on the guide block 334, the sliding groove is 15mm long, 8mm wide and 5mm deep and extends along the axial direction (Z direction), the sliding block is fixed at the end of the guide rod 336 and has a size of 7.9mm×4.9mm and is in clearance fit with the sliding groove, a spring is sleeved on the guide rod 336, the sliding block slides axially in the sliding groove to allow the scraper body 333 to adjust the height independently, and energy is stored when the spring is compressed to push the scraper body 333 to be attached to the surface of a workpiece. The chute is internally provided with a lubricating grease injection port for periodically injecting high-temperature lubricating grease.
According to the embodiment, the radial and axial movement is decoupled through the axial sliding pair, so that the degree of freedom interference is avoided. The scraper can still keep stable pressure when moving in a complex path, and is more suitable for workpieces to be cut with high surface complexity.
In a preferred embodiment, the scraper body 333 has a scraping state in which the scraper body 333 protrudes out of the first guide groove 331, the bottom surface of the scraper body 333 is lower than the bottom surface of the gas collecting hood 3, and a retracted state in which the scraper body 333 is retracted into the first guide groove 331, and the bottom surface of the scraper body 333 is higher than the bottom surface of the gas collecting hood 3.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, in the scraped state, the bottom surface is lower than the bottom surface of the gas-collecting hood 3, contacts the surface of the workpiece, and in the retracted state, the bottom surface is higher than the bottom surface of the gas-collecting hood 3, and is out of contact. The state switch is controlled by a drive mechanism, such as a pneumatic or electric actuator, which may be coupled to the scraper body 333 or slider.
According to the embodiment, when the scraper is retracted, the bottom surface of the gas collecting hood 3 is used as a protective layer, collision between the scraper and a workpiece is avoided, the scraper is kept in flexible contact with the workpiece through the pretightening force of the spring in the scraping state, the service life of the scraper is prolonged, equipment is allowed to retract the scraper in a non-cutting stage (such as idle movement), and abrasion is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the first guiding groove 331 is provided with an air flow compensating hole in communication with the spiral guiding groove 31, and the air flow compensating hole can release the auxiliary air flow into the first guiding groove 331 when the scraper body 333 is in the retracted state.
Specifically, the axis of the air flow compensation hole is an inclined jet flow, the inclined direction of the air flow compensation hole is consistent with the tangential direction of the spiral diversion trench 31, and an included angle of 15-30 degrees is formed between the air flow compensation hole and the central line of the spiral diversion trench 31, and the outlet position of the air flow compensation hole is positioned in a low-pressure area of the spiral diversion trench 31, so that auxiliary air flow is driven to naturally blend into the main vortex by using pressure difference. Specifically, the optimal opening position of the compensation hole can be determined by experimentally measuring the static pressure distribution at different positions in the spiral diversion trench 31. For example, a compensating hole is formed at the position of 30% of the pitch reduction, and at the moment, the speed of the main air flow is increased, and the auxiliary air flow can move in the same direction with the main air flow by virtue of inertia force.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment proposes a control method of a laser cutting machine with a slag removing mechanism, which is implemented on the basis of the laser cutting machine with a slag removing mechanism as described above, as shown in fig. 5, and includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring workpiece information of the workpiece to be cut, and obtaining an initial rotating speed of the centrifugal fan according to the workpiece information, wherein the workpiece information comprises the material and the thickness of the workpiece;
Specifically, the material and thickness information of the workpiece to be cut is obtained through a sensor or manual input mode, and then the corresponding initial rotating speed of the centrifugal fan is obtained through inquiry from a database. The database stores initial rotation speeds of centrifugal fans corresponding to workpieces with different materials and thicknesses. For example, for stainless steel, the initial rotation speed is 1000rpm for a thickness of 5mm and 1500rpm for a thickness of 10 mm.
S2, controlling the laser cutting machine to cut the workpiece to be cut, and controlling the centrifugal fan to run at the initial rotating speed;
Specifically, the laser cutting head 2 is controlled to cut the workpiece according to a preset cutting path, and simultaneously, the centrifugal fan is started and the rotating speed of the centrifugal fan is adjusted to the initial rotating speed.
S3, real-time slag information of the cutting area is obtained in real time, wherein the real-time slag information comprises real-time slag splashing density;
Specifically, the cutting area is monitored in real time using a high-speed camera or laser sensor, and the real-time slag splashing density is obtained through image processing or sensor data analysis. For example, a high-speed camera captures an image of a cutting area, and the amount of slag splashing in a unit area is calculated by an image recognition algorithm, so that the real-time slag splashing density is obtained.
S4, if the real-time slag splashing density is larger than a first preset threshold value, obtaining a target rotating speed of the centrifugal fan according to the real-time slag information and the screw pitch information of the spiral diversion trench 31, wherein the target rotating speed is larger than the initial rotating speed;
Specifically, if the real-time slag splashing density is greater than the threshold value, the target rotating speed of the centrifugal fan is obtained by a preset calculation formula or by inquiring another database according to the real-time slag splashing density and the pitch information of the spiral diversion trench 31. For example, when the real-time slag splashing density is 10 pieces/cm 2, the first preset threshold is 5 pieces/cm 2, the screw pitch at the bottom of the spiral diversion trench 31 is 10mm, and the screw pitch at the top is 3mm, the target rotating speed is 2000rpm by querying another database.
S5, controlling the centrifugal fan to run at the target rotating speed so as to suck the splashed slag in the cutting area.
Specifically, the rotational speed of the centrifugal fan is adjusted to a target rotational speed, and the negative pressure suction force of the annular air inlet 32 is enhanced, thereby sucking off splashed slag in the cutting area.
In this embodiment, since the amount of slag and the splashing generated when workpieces of different materials and thicknesses are cut are different, it is necessary to determine the initial rotation speed of the centrifugal fan based on the workpiece information. And monitoring the splashing density of slag in real time, and when the density exceeds a threshold value, indicating that the current suction force is insufficient for sucking the splashing slag, and increasing the rotating speed of a centrifugal fan to enhance the negative pressure suction force. Therefore, the rotating speed of the centrifugal fan can be automatically adjusted according to the actual condition of the workpiece, the slag removing efficiency is improved, and the phenomenon that slag splashes out of a cutting area due to insufficient suction force to influence the cutting quality is avoided.
In a preferred embodiment, after the laser cutting machine is controlled to cut the workpiece to be cut, the method further comprises the following steps:
monitoring the adhering slag on the surface of the workpiece to be cut in real time to obtain a slag scraping area, wherein the slag scraping area is an area with the density of the adhering slag being larger than a second preset threshold in real time;
Matching corresponding target scrapers according to the to-be-scraped slag region, and obtaining a radial moving path of the target scrapers, wherein the target scrapers are the scrapers closest to the to-be-scraped slag region;
Controlling the target doctor blade to move along the radial moving path.
Specifically, slag adhesion monitoring adopts an infrared thermal imager to detect the temperature distribution of the surface of a workpiece, and a slag adhesion area (temperature abnormal area) is identified by combining a temperature gradient algorithm. And acquiring coordinates of each scraper by a position encoder, and selecting the scraper nearest to the slag area to be scraped by utilizing a shortest path algorithm. When the scraper moves along the radial direction, a PID control algorithm is adopted to ensure the accuracy of the motion track (the error is less than or equal to 0.1 mm). Wherein the scraper body 333 is coated with tungsten carbide, and the edge is designed to be serrated to enhance the scraping capability.
According to the embodiment, through accurate positioning and path optimization, idle stroke time of the scraper is reduced, slag removal efficiency is improved, and secondary damage to the surface of a workpiece is avoided.
In a preferred embodiment, the real-time slag information further includes a real-time slag splash direction;
after the real-time slag information of the cutting area is obtained in real time, the method further comprises the following steps:
If the deviation between the real-time slag splashing direction and the initial diversion direction of the spiral diversion trench 31 exceeds a preset angle, obtaining a slag concentration area according to the slag splashing direction;
Specifically, when the splash direction of slag in the actual cutting process deviates greatly from the initial diversion direction of the spiral diversion trench 31, the original diversion effect is greatly compromised. Since slag cannot enter the gas-collecting channel 3 in the guiding direction of the spiral guide groove 31, part of slag may accumulate near the cutting area, resulting in a reduction in slag-sucking efficiency.
Obtaining target deflection information of the spiral diversion trench 31 according to the slag concentration area, wherein the target deflection information comprises a deflection direction and a deflection angle;
And adjusting the double-freedom-degree aligning bearing 4 to deflect according to the target deflection information, and physically compressing the spiral line of the spiral diversion trench 31 at the side corresponding to the slag concentration area so as to reduce the actual pitch of the spiral diversion trench 31 at the side corresponding to the slag concentration area.
In particular, the two-degree-of-freedom self-aligning bearing 4 allows the gas cap 3 to rotate about the axis of the laser cutting head 2 and to deflect to a certain extent. The deflection direction and angle of the spiral diversion trench 31 can be precisely controlled by driving the double-degree-of-freedom aligning bearing 4 through a stepping motor. When the deviation between the slag splashing direction and the initial diversion direction is detected to be too large, the aligning bearing is controlled to deflect, so that the direction of the spiral diversion trench 31 is more matched with the slag splashing direction, and the spiral line on the side of the spiral diversion trench 31 corresponding to the slag concentration area is physically compressed, so that the actual pitch on the side is reduced. According to the hydrodynamic principle, the air flow forms a vortex in the spiral diversion trench 31 under the action of the centrifugal fan. When the pitch is reduced, the circulation space of the air flow becomes smaller, and the air flow speed becomes faster, thereby enhancing the negative pressure suction force in the area. Thus, the slag in the slag concentration area can be sucked into the gas collecting hood 3 more effectively, and the slag sucking rate is improved. After the pitch of the spiral guide groove 31 is compressed, the flow characteristics of the air flow change. In order to maintain the slag sucking efficiency, the rotation speed of the centrifugal fan needs to be compensated. The rotating speed (10% -20%) of the centrifugal fan is increased, so that the speed of air flow and negative pressure suction force can be further improved, and good slag suction effect can be maintained under the condition that the screw pitch is changed.
Specifically, the slag splashing track is captured by the doppler lidar, and the deviation of the included angle between the slag splashing track and the initial diversion direction (usually 30 degrees clockwise) of the spiral diversion trench 31 is calculated. When the deviation exceeds a preset angle (such as 15 degrees), the double-freedom-degree self-aligning bearing 4 (comprising a stepping motor drive) is controlled to deflect, so that the guide groove is compressed corresponding to the side pitch. The aligning bearing structure adopts a harmonic reducer to realize high-precision angle control, and the deflection range of the bearing is +/-45 degrees. After the diversion trench is compressed, the slag suction efficiency is maintained through the rotation speed compensation (10% -20% increase) of the centrifugal fan.
Further, multiple experiments were performed with different cutting parameters and slag splatter. The deviation angle of the slag splashing direction and the initial diversion direction, the deflection angle of the spiral diversion trench 31 and the corresponding pitch reduction amount in each experiment are recorded, and the slag suction efficiency is measured. And (3) establishing a relation model between the pitch reduction and factors such as deviation angle, slag concentration area and the like through analysis of experimental data. In practical application, according to slag splashing information monitored in real time, a proper screw pitch reduction is inquired from the model.
According to the embodiment, through dynamic diversion direction adjustment, slag splashing characteristics under different cutting parameters (such as power and speed) can be adapted, and the suction rate is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the control target blade moves in a radial movement path, comprising the steps of:
Identifying morphological characteristics of adhering slag in real time, matching a target scraping mode according to the morphological characteristics, controlling a target scraper to move in a radial moving path, and scraping slag in the scraping mode;
specifically, morphology features of slag are identified by analyzing the high-speed camera image through a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). And matching corresponding target scraping modes according to the identification result.
The matching of the target scraping mode according to the morphological characteristics comprises the following steps:
If the slag is in a sheet adhesion state, matching a high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration mode as a target scraping mode, wherein the scraper body 333 is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic sheet for realizing high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration;
In particular, a piezoelectric ceramic driver or an electromagnetic vibration exciter is integrated between the scraper body 333 and the guide block 334, the scraper is controlled to vibrate slightly at a set frequency (such as 500-2000 Hz) through an electric signal,
If the hardness of the slag exceeds the preset hardness, matching an auxiliary airflow mode as a target scraping mode, wherein the auxiliary airflow mode is to open the airflow compensation hole so as to release pulse auxiliary airflow.
In particular, in general, high hardness alloy slag may exhibit a more regular, compact, blocky structure in high speed camera images, with sharper edges, relatively less surface texture, and smoother. Through establishing a database of relation between slag forms and hardness after cutting workpieces of different materials in advance, when the slag forms are identified to belong to typical forms corresponding to a certain material, the hardness range of the workpiece can be deduced preliminarily, and the workpiece is compared with preset hardness.
Specifically, a high-frequency electromagnetic pulse valve (with a size-adaptive aperture of phi 3-5 mm) is arranged at the inlet of the airflow compensation hole, the valve comprises an electromagnetic coil, a valve core assembly and a return spring, wherein the electromagnetic coil is wound on the outer side of a valve body and generates a magnetic field to drive a valve core to move after being electrified, the valve core assembly is made of soft magnetic alloy (such as silicon steel), the tail end of the valve core assembly is provided with a sealing gasket (made of fluororubber), and the return spring provides a valve core return force to ensure that the valve is closed when the power is cut off. When the hardness of slag exceeds the limit, the control system sends PWM pulse signals (the frequency is 50-200Hz, the duty ratio is 10% -90%) to the electromagnetic coil, and the valve core is driven to be opened and closed periodically, so that pulse auxiliary air flow (the duration of single air flow is 5-50 ms) is formed.
According to the method, the morphological characteristics of the slag can be identified in real time and the corresponding scraping modes are matched, so that the most effective cleaning mode can be adopted for slag in different states, and the slag scraping efficiency and thoroughness are greatly improved. Damage to the doctor blade due to excessive stress during handling of the high hardness slag is also avoided. In the auxiliary airflow mode, the high-hardness slag is impacted by the pulse auxiliary airflow, so that the pressure born by the scraper when the scraper directly contacts the slag is reduced, the service life of the scraper is prolonged, and the equipment maintenance cost is reduced.
Further, when the high-reflectivity metal material is cut, compensation control is performed, wherein the distribution of a molten pool temperature field is monitored in real time through an infrared thermal imager, and when a temperature gradient abnormal region is detected, a compensation control signal is generated, the compensation control signal comprises the steps of synchronously reducing the feeding speed of the laser cutting head 2 to 60% -80% of a standard value and improving the rotating speed of the centrifugal fan to 150% -200% of an initial rotating speed, and/or controlling the double-freedom-degree self-aligning bearing 4 to periodically swing, wherein the swinging frequency is 5-10 Hz, the swinging amplitude is +/-3 DEG to +/-5 DEG, so that the local flow guiding characteristic of the spiral flow guiding groove 31 is changed, and/or activating the cooperative motion mode of all scrapers to generate a spiral involute composite scraping path, and the circumferential 120 DEG range of the temperature abnormal region is covered.
Specifically, an infrared thermal imager module is further arranged in the annular hollow of the gas collecting hood 3 of the laser cutting machine and used for monitoring the distribution of the temperature field of the molten pool in real time. When the abnormal temperature gradient region is detected, an existing control system architecture is utilized to generate a compensation control signal, and the driving motors of the plurality of scrapers are controlled through programming to perform cooperative movement according to a preset spiral involute track.
The principles and embodiments of the present application have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present application and its core ideas. The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the application, and it will be appreciated that numerous modifications, adaptations and variations of the application can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the application, and that other features and advantages of the application can be combined in any suitable manner, and that no improvement in the design or design of the application is intended to be applied directly to other applications.
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