CN120096637A - A design method for a primary suspension system - Google Patents
A design method for a primary suspension system Download PDFInfo
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- CN120096637A CN120096637A CN202510573973.2A CN202510573973A CN120096637A CN 120096637 A CN120096637 A CN 120096637A CN 202510573973 A CN202510573973 A CN 202510573973A CN 120096637 A CN120096637 A CN 120096637A
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- clamping plate
- central shaft
- sleeve
- sleeve body
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
- B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
- B61F5/06—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating metal springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
- B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
- B61F5/08—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating rubber springs
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of a primary suspension system, which is characterized in that the primary suspension system is designed into an upper clamping plate, a lower clamping plate and a steel spring, the upper clamping plate comprises an upper clamping plate body and a central shaft, the lower clamping plate comprises a lower clamping plate body and an installation cylinder body, one end of the central shaft is connected with the upper clamping plate body, the other end of the central shaft extends into the installation cylinder body, the steel spring is further arranged between the upper clamping plate body and the lower clamping plate body, one end of the steel spring is contacted with the upper clamping plate body, the other end of the steel spring is contacted with the lower clamping plate body, the steel spring is in a precompressed state, a multi-layer rubber node is arranged in the installation cylinder body, the other end of the central shaft is connected with the installation cylinder body through the multi-layer rubber node, the horizontal center line of each layer rubber node is overlapped with the horizontal line L position, and when the primary suspension system works, the steel spring is used for bearing vertical load, and the multi-layer rubber node at the middle position of each layer rubber node is used for bearing horizontal load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design method of a primary suspension system, and belongs to the technical field of locomotive bogie manufacturing.
Background
The primary suspension system is a suspension device between the truck frame and the wheel set of the vehicle, and generally comprises axle box springs (such as conical laminated rubber springs or metal round springs), vertical hydraulic shock absorbers, positioning devices and the like, and is a first-stage shock absorber of the vehicle suspension system.
It has the following functions:
1. The vibration damping function comprises vertical vibration damping, namely, absorbing vertical impact between the wheel pair and the track through the axle box spring and the vertical hydraulic vibration damper, reducing vertical vibration of the vehicle body, and transverse and longitudinal vibration damping, namely, inhibiting transverse and longitudinal vibration of the wheel pair through the positioning device and the vibration damper, and improving running stability of the vehicle.
2. Force transmission, namely vertical force, that is, vertical load born by the wheel set is transmitted to the framework through the axle box spring. Longitudinal force, traction force and braking force are transmitted to the wheel set through the axle box to drive the vehicle to advance or brake. And when the vehicle runs in a curve, the transverse force is transmitted through the positioning device, so that the wheel set is ensured to be in correct contact with the track.
3. The positioning function is to transversely position, namely to limit the transverse displacement of the wheel pair and prevent the abnormal friction between the wheel rim and the rail. Longitudinal positioning, namely controlling the longitudinal displacement of the wheel set and ensuring the stability of the relative position of the wheel set and the track.
The invention discloses a primary axle box hanging positioning device of a railway wagon steering frame, which comprises an axle box, a vertical hydraulic damper, spring guide posts, steel round springs, rubber pile positioners and lifting stop blocks, wherein the vertical hydraulic damper is arranged between the top of the axle box and a side frame formed by a framework, the spring guide posts are arranged between the upper surfaces of spring bearing platforms on two sides of the axle box and the bottom formed by the framework, the lifting stop blocks are arranged below the spring bearing platforms on two sides of the axle box, the upper end planes of the spring guide posts and the framework form the bottom to be fixedly connected, the middle sections of the spring guide posts are inserted into the inner rings of the rubber pile positioners, the bottom surfaces of the rubber pile positioners are located on the spring bearing platforms of the axle box, a buffer rubber pad is sleeved on the lower part of the outer ring of the rubber pile positioners, a rigid washer is arranged on the upper surface of the buffer rubber pad, the steel round springs are arranged between the rigid washer and the upper end planes of the spring bearing platforms, the lower ends of the spring guide posts sequentially penetrate through holes on the spring bearing platforms on the axle box and the central holes on the lifting stop blocks, first-stage threads, positioning steps and second-stage thread stop blocks are arranged on the lower-stage thread stop blocks, the upper-stage thread stop blocks are arranged on the second-stage thread pile positioners are in a tight fit with the bottom of the steel round guide posts, and the lifting guide posts are in a threaded-down-screwed-threaded connection with the lifting nut is positioned on the lower-down plane, and can be in a tight fit with the threaded connection with the lifting nut, and is positioned on the lower-stage thread-down side of the lifting nut.
In the primary axle box suspension positioning device disclosed in the patent document, a steel round spring is sleeved outside the rubber pile positioner, and when a product is subjected to horizontal load, the product is mainly born by virtue of radial rigidity provided by the rubber pile positioner, but the rubber pile positioner adopts a conical spring structure, and the radial rigidity of the conical spring does not meet the requirement, so that the dynamics characteristics of primary suspension are influenced, and the safety and stability of driving cannot be ensured in some cases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a design method of a primary suspension system, so that the primary suspension system designed by the method can provide higher radial rigidity to bear when being subjected to horizontal load, thereby improving the dynamics of primary suspension and further ensuring the safety and stability of driving.
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and adopts the technical scheme that the primary suspension system is designed into an upper clamping plate, a lower clamping plate and a steel spring, wherein the upper clamping plate comprises an upper clamping plate body and a central shaft arranged on one side of the upper clamping plate body, the lower clamping plate comprises a lower clamping plate body and a mounting cylinder arranged on one side of the lower clamping plate body;
The design method is that a multi-layer rubber node is arranged in the installation cylinder, the other end of the central shaft is connected with the installation cylinder through the multi-layer rubber node, each layer of rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is located at the middle position, namely the horizontal central line of each layer of rubber body is overlapped with the horizontal line L position, when the multi-layer rubber node works, the steel spring is used for bearing vertical load, and the multi-layer rubber node of each layer of rubber body is located at the middle position for bearing horizontal load.
Preferably, the multi-layer rubber node further comprises an inner shaft sleeve body, an outer sleeve body and a plurality of spacers arranged between the inner shaft sleeve body and the outer sleeve body, wherein the inner shaft sleeve body, the spacers and the outer sleeve body are vulcanized and bonded through the rubber body, so that a multi-layer rubber body is formed in the multi-layer rubber node; the inner cavity of the inner shaft sleeve body comprises a conical cavity positioned above and a cylindrical cavity positioned below, a big head end of the conical cavity is positioned above, a small head end of the conical cavity is positioned below, the cylindrical cavity is communicated with the small head end of the conical cavity, the central shaft comprises a central shaft cone I, a central shaft cone II and a central shaft cylinder, the big head end of the central shaft cone I is connected with the upper clamping plate body, the big head end of the central shaft cone II is connected with the small head end of the central shaft cone I, the diameter phi A of the big head end of the central shaft cone II is smaller than the diameter phi B of the small head end of the central shaft cone I, one end of the central shaft cylinder is connected with the small head end of the central shaft cone II, external threads are arranged on the other end of the central shaft cylinder, the taper of the central shaft cone II is matched with the taper of the conical cavity, and the diameter of the central shaft cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity;
After assembly, the multilayer rubber node is pressed in the installation cylinder of the lower clamping plate in an interference manner, the central shaft of the upper clamping plate is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve body of the multilayer rubber node, at the moment, the conical surface of the second central shaft cone of the central shaft is in interference fit contact with the conical surface of the conical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve body of the multilayer rubber node, the central shaft cylinder of the central shaft penetrates through the cylindrical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve body and is exposed out of the cylindrical cavity, a nut is connected to the central shaft cylinder exposed out of the cylindrical cavity through threads, and the central shaft cylinder and the inner shaft sleeve body are connected through the nut.
Preferably, the assembling steps of the primary suspension system are as follows:
S1, firstly, installing a plurality of layers of rubber joints of which each layer of rubber body is positioned at the middle position into an installation cylinder of a lower clamping plate in an interference manner, and sleeving a steel spring on the installation cylinder;
S2, the fixture is used for supporting the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node, the upper clamping plate is pressed downwards, so that the upper clamping plate moves downwards, in the process of moving downwards, the upper clamping plate body of the upper clamping plate contacts with the upper end of the steel spring, downward pressure F is gradually applied to the steel spring, after moving downwards in place, the steel spring is in a precompressed state, meanwhile, in the process of moving downwards, the central shaft of the upper clamping plate is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node, at the moment, the conical surface of the central shaft cone II of the central shaft is in interference fit contact with the conical surface of the conical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node, and the central shaft column of the central shaft penetrates through the cylindrical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve body and is exposed out of the cylindrical cavity;
S3, under the condition that the pressure F is kept and each layer of rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is at the middle position, the positioning clamping sleeve is sleeved on the central shaft cylinder exposed out of the cylindrical cavity upwards, and after the completion, the central shaft cylinder penetrates through the top of the positioning clamping sleeve and the top of the positioning clamping sleeve is contacted with the inner shaft sleeve body, and the bottom of the positioning clamping sleeve is contacted with the lower clamping plate;
S4, screwing the nut on the central shaft column body penetrating through the positioning clamping sleeve, so that the upper clamping plate, the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node and the positioning clamping sleeve form an integrated structure, then the pressure F is canceled, and at the moment, the bottom of the positioning clamping sleeve is in contact with the lower clamping plate to form an upward limiting structure.
Preferably, the installing step of the primary suspension system is as follows:
1) The upper clamping plate body and the lower clamping plate body of the primary suspension system in a pre-installation state are respectively connected with a bogie frame assembly and an wheelset shaft box assembly of the empty car;
2) Loosening the nut, and taking away the positioning clamp sleeve, wherein at the moment, the steel spring is in a precompressed state and each layer of rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is in a state of a middle position due to downward acting force of empty load;
3) And then screwing the nut on the central shaft column passing through the positioning clamping sleeve again, wherein the end face of the nut is contacted with the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node, and at the moment, the upper clamping plate and the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node form an integrated structure.
Preferably, the positioning clamping sleeve comprises a sleeve body with an inverted U-shaped shaft section and a sleeve body flange arranged at the bottom opening of the sleeve body, an inner sleeve is further arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the installation cylinder body of the lower clamping plate, when the positioning clamping sleeve is sleeved on the central shaft cylinder upwards, the positioning clamping sleeve is positioned in the inner sleeve, the central shaft cylinder penetrates through the top of the sleeve body of the positioning clamping sleeve, the top of the sleeve body is contacted with the end face of the inner shaft sleeve body, the sleeve body flange of the clamping sleeve is contacted with the bottom end face of the inner sleeve, and after the nut is screwed, the sleeve body flange of the clamping sleeve is contacted with the bottom end face of the inner sleeve to form an upward limiting structure.
Preferably, the inner peripheral surface of the installation cylinder body is set to be a vertical surface, and the outer sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node is in contact interference installation with the vertical inner peripheral surface of the installation cylinder body, so that the multi-layer rubber node is in interference press fit in the installation cylinder body of the lower clamping plate.
Preferably, a lower step portion and an upper retainer ring groove are further formed in the inner peripheral surface of the installation cylinder, an upper retainer ring is arranged in the upper retainer ring groove, the inner peripheral surface of the installation cylinder is arranged to be a vertical surface, after the outer sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node is in contact with the vertical inner peripheral surface of the installation cylinder for interference installation, the lower step portion is used for being in contact with the lower end surface of the outer sleeve body, and the upper retainer ring is used for being in contact with the upper end surface of the outer sleeve body, so that the outer sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node is axially limited.
Preferably, the outer peripheral surface of the central shaft cone is also sleeved with a sealing ring, and after the central shaft is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve body, the sealing ring is pressed and contacted on the small end surface of the first central shaft cone by the upper end surface of the inner shaft sleeve body to form a sealing structure.
Preferably, the axial height of the conical cavity is set as H1, the axial height of the second central shaft cone is set as H2, H2 is smaller than H1, and after the sealing ring is pressed and contacted on the small end face of the first central shaft cone by the upper end face of the inner shaft sleeve body to form a sealing structure, a gap is reserved between the small end face of the second central shaft cone and the small end face of the conical cavity.
Preferably, a through hole for draining water in a pre-installation state is further provided at a connection portion between the inner sleeve and the installation cylinder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that through design, the steel springs are utilized to mainly bear vertical load, and the multi-layer rubber nodes with each layer of rubber bodies at the middle position are utilized to provide larger radial rigidity to mainly bear horizontal load, so that the dynamics characteristic of primary suspension is improved, and the safety and stability of driving are further ensured. Through the one-level interference fit structure between the installation barrel of design multilayer rubber node and lower plate and the second grade conical surface interference fit structure between the center pin of punch holder and the interior axle sleeve body of multilayer rubber node to make the product at the during operation, from the lower plate to the punch holder, the transmission of load passes through one-level interference fit and one-level conical surface cooperation in proper order, realizes gapless transmission at the inside aspect of primary suspension device, has further optimized the dynamics characteristic of this embodiment like this, has strengthened the result of use. Through design equipment step, can realize also having guaranteed that the steel spring is in the state that precompressed and every layer of rubber body of multilayer rubber node also is in the state of intermediate position after the product equipment accomplishes canceling pressure F, multilayer rubber node only receives radial precompaction load, can not receive axial load's influence to avoided in the preinstallation state, the problem emergence that creep relaxation takes place for the rubber body of multilayer rubber node, thereby eliminated the risk hidden danger, further improved the safe and stable performance of driving. Through the design and installation steps, after the primary suspension system is installed on an empty vehicle, the steel springs of the primary suspension system can be guaranteed to be in a precompressed state, and each layer of rubber bodies of the multi-layer rubber node are also in a state of being in a middle position. In addition, it should be noted that, in this embodiment, through designing the above-mentioned first-line suspension system assembling step and the installation step when installing on the empty car, realized that the steel spring of first-line suspension system is in precompressed state all the time from the assembly to the loading and the state that every layer of rubber body of multilayer rubber node is all in the intermediate position all the time, no matter how long, also can guarantee the initial state of first-line suspension system all the time to the interval time of loading, also very big improvement the life of first-line suspension system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a primary suspension system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a multi-layer rubber node in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic axial sectional view of an upper clamping plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the steps involved in assembling a primary suspension system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a second principle step of assembling the primary suspension system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a third principle step of the primary suspension system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fourth principle step of the primary suspension system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a fifth principle step of the primary suspension system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a sixth principle step of the primary suspension system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a positioning ferrule in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion A in FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a first principle step of the primary suspension system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a second principle step of installing a primary suspension system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a third principle step of the primary suspension system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion B of FIG. 4;
FIG. 16 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion C in FIG. 1;
In the drawing, an upper clamping plate 1, an upper clamping plate body 111, a central shaft 113, a central shaft cone I, a central shaft cone II, a central shaft cone 115, a central shaft column body of figure 1, a lower clamping plate 2, a lower clamping plate body 211, a mounting cylinder 212, an inner sleeve 213, a lower step part 215, an upper retainer ring groove 3, a steel spring 4, a multi-layer rubber joint 411, a rubber body 412, an inner shaft sleeve body 413, an outer sleeve body 414, a spacer sleeve 415, a conical cavity 416, a cylindrical cavity 5, an external thread 6, a nut 7, a positioning clamping sleeve 711, a sleeve body 712, a sleeve body flange 8, a bogie frame component 9, an axle box component 10, an upper retainer ring 11, a sealing ring 12, a gap 13, a through hole 14, a groove 15, an upper drain hole 16 and a rubber pad.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further elaborated below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a method for designing a suspension system is designed into three parts, namely an upper clamping plate 1, a lower clamping plate 2 and a steel spring 3, wherein the upper clamping plate 1 comprises an upper clamping plate body 111 and a central shaft 112 arranged on one side of the upper clamping plate body 111, the upper clamping plate body 111 and the central shaft 112 can be integrally formed, the lower clamping plate 2 comprises a lower clamping plate body 211 and a mounting cylinder 212 arranged on one side of the lower clamping plate body 211, the lower clamping plate body 211 and the mounting cylinder 212 can also be integrally formed, one end of the central shaft 112 is connected with the upper clamping plate body 111, the other end of the central shaft 112 extends into the mounting cylinder 212, a steel spring 3 is further arranged between the upper clamping plate body 111 and the lower clamping plate body 211, one end of the steel spring 3 is contacted with the upper clamping plate body 111, the other end of the steel spring 3 is contacted with the lower clamping plate body 211, and the steel spring 3 is in a pre-compressed state. The design method is that a multi-layer rubber node 4 is arranged in the installation cylinder 212, the other end of the central shaft 112 is connected with the installation cylinder 212 through the multi-layer rubber node 4, each layer of rubber 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is positioned at a middle position, namely, the horizontal central line of each layer of rubber 411 is overlapped with the horizontal line L. In this way, during the working process, the steel springs 3 are used for mainly bearing vertical load, and the multi-layer rubber nodes 4 with each layer of rubber bodies 411 at the middle position are used for providing larger radial rigidity and mainly bearing horizontal load, so that the dynamics characteristic of primary suspension is improved, and the safety and stability of driving are further ensured.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the upper clamping plate body 111 is connected with a bogie frame assembly (not shown in the drawings), the lower clamping plate body 211 is connected with an axle box assembly (not shown in the drawings), the multi-layer rubber node 4 further comprises an inner shaft sleeve body 412, an outer sleeve body 413 and a plurality of spacers 414 arranged between the inner shaft sleeve body 412 and the outer sleeve body 413, and the inner shaft sleeve body 412, the plurality of spacers 414 and the outer sleeve body 413 are all vulcanized and bonded through a rubber body 411, so that the multi-layer rubber body 411 is formed in the multi-layer rubber node 4. The inner cavity of the inner shaft sleeve 411 comprises a conical cavity 415 positioned above and a cylindrical cavity 416 positioned below, the big end of the conical cavity 415 is positioned above, the small end of the conical cavity 415 is positioned below, and the cylindrical cavity 416 is communicated with the small end of the conical cavity 415. The central shaft 112 comprises a first central shaft cone 113, a second central shaft cone 114 and a central shaft cylinder 115, wherein the big head end of the first central shaft cone 113 is connected with the upper clamping plate body 111, the big head end of the second central shaft cone 114 is connected with the small head end of the first central shaft cone 113, the diameter phi A of the big head end part of the second central shaft cone 114 is smaller than the diameter phi B of the small head end part of the first central shaft cone 113, one end of the central shaft cylinder 115 is connected with the small head end of the second central shaft cone 114, the other end of the central shaft cylinder 115 is provided with an external thread 5, the taper of the second central shaft cone 114 is matched with the taper of the tapered cavity 415, and the diameter of the central shaft cylinder 115 is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity 416. After assembly, the multi-layer rubber node 4 is press-fitted in the mounting cylinder 212 of the lower clamping plate 2 in an interference manner, and the central shaft 112 of the upper clamping plate 1 is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4, at this time, the conical surface of the central shaft cone two 114 of the central shaft 112 is in interference fit contact with the conical surface of the conical cavity 415 of the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4, the central shaft cylinder 115 of the central shaft 112 penetrates through the cylindrical cavity 416 of the inner shaft sleeve 412 and is exposed to the cylindrical cavity 416, the central shaft cylinder 115 exposed to the cylindrical cavity 416 is connected with a nut 6 through threads, and the central shaft cylinder 115 and the inner shaft sleeve 412 are connected by the nut 6. According to the embodiment, through designing the primary interference fit structure between the multi-layer rubber node 4 and the mounting cylinder 212 of the lower clamping plate 2 and the secondary conical surface interference fit structure between the central shaft 112 of the upper clamping plate 1 and the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4, when the product works, load is transmitted from the lower clamping plate 2 to the upper clamping plate 1 sequentially through primary interference fit and primary conical surface fit, no-clearance transmission is realized on the inner layer of the primary suspension device, so that the dynamics characteristic of the embodiment is further optimized, and the use effect is enhanced. The central shaft cylinder and the inner shaft sleeve body are connected by adopting the nut, so that more design space can be saved, and the rubber node performance matching can be adjusted.
In this embodiment, the suspension system using the steel spring 3 and the multi-layer rubber node 4 is in a pre-mounted state after the components are assembled and before being mounted on an empty car, and the components are assembled into a separate individual structure. After the assembly, the above-mentioned primary suspension system using the steel springs 3 in combination with the multi-layer rubber node 4 in the pre-installed state may be placed in the warehouse for a long period of time, and it is necessary to wait for a proper time to install between the bogie frame assembly and the axle box assembly of the empty car, and during the assembly, the steel springs 3 of the primary suspension system are in the pre-compressed state and each layer of rubber 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in the middle position, and since the installation time is uncertain, that is, the time of the pre-installed state is uncertain, it is necessary to ensure that the steel springs 3 are always in the pre-compressed state and each layer of rubber 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is always in the middle position in the pre-installed state, and therefore, as shown in fig. 4 to 9, the embodiment further provides a design method for the assembly of the primary suspension system, which comprises the following steps:
S1, firstly, a plurality of layers of rubber joints 4 of which the rubber bodies 411 are at the middle positions are installed in an installation cylinder 212 of a lower clamping plate 2 in an interference mode, and then a steel spring 3 is sleeved on the installation cylinder 212 (shown in FIG. 4);
s2, the tool (not shown in the figure) is used for supporting the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4, then the upper clamping plate 1 is pressed downwards, so that the upper clamping plate 1 moves downwards, in the process that the upper clamping plate 1 moves downwards, the upper clamping plate 111 of the upper clamping plate 1 is in contact with the upper end of the steel spring 3, and downward pressure F is gradually applied to the steel spring 3, after the upper clamping plate 1 moves downwards, the steel spring 3is in a precompressed state, the central shaft 112 of the upper clamping plate 1 is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4, at the moment, the conical surfaces of the central shaft cone two 114 of the central shaft 112 and the conical surface of the conical cavity 415 of the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 are in interference fit contact, and the central shaft column 115 of the central shaft 112 penetrates through the cylindrical cavity 416 of the inner shaft sleeve 412 and is exposed out of the cylindrical cavity 416 (as shown in figures 5 and 6);
S3, under the state that the pressure F is kept and each layer of rubber 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is at the middle position, the positioning clamping sleeve 7 is sleeved on the central shaft cylinder 115 exposed out of the cylindrical cavity 416 upwards, after the completion, the central shaft cylinder 115 passes through the top of the positioning clamping sleeve 7 and the top of the positioning clamping sleeve 7 is contacted with the inner shaft sleeve 412, and the bottom of the positioning clamping sleeve 7 is contacted with the lower clamping plate 2 (as shown in figures 7 and 8);
S4, the nut 6 is screwed on the central shaft column 115 penetrating through the positioning sleeve 7, so that the upper clamping plate 1, the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 and the positioning sleeve 7 form an integral structure, and then the pressure F is cancelled, at this time, the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 has a tendency to move upwards due to the action of the restoring force of the steel spring, but the bottom of the positioning sleeve 7 is in contact with the lower clamping plate 2 to form an upward limit structure, so that the integral structure formed by the upper clamping plate 1, the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 and the positioning sleeve 7 is still in an immovable state after the pressure F is cancelled, and therefore the state that the steel spring 3 is in a precompressed state and each layer of rubber 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in an intermediate position is realized (as shown in fig. 9).
Therefore, as can be seen from the above steps, since the product is in the pre-installation state after the assembly is completed, if the above steps are not adopted, after the pressure F is cancelled when the assembly of the product is completed, the upper clamping plate 1 and the inner shaft sleeve 412 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 are sequentially driven to move upwards under the restoring force of the steel spring 3, so that long-term axial load influence is caused on the rubber 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4, creep relaxation occurs to the rubber, and risk hidden danger is formed for the safety and stability of driving. In this embodiment, through designing the steps during assembly, after the pressure F is cancelled after the product is assembled, the steel spring 3 is in a precompressed state, and each layer of rubber 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in a state of a middle position, and the multi-layer rubber node 4 is only subjected to radial precompaction load and is not affected by axial load, so that the problem that the rubber of the multi-layer rubber node is subjected to creep relaxation in a pre-installation state is avoided, risk hidden danger is eliminated, and the safety and stability of driving are further improved.
As shown in fig. 8, 10 and 11, the positioning sleeve 7 includes a sleeve body 711 with an inverted U-shaped axial section and a sleeve body flange 712 disposed at an opening at the bottom of the sleeve body 711, the sleeve body 711 and the sleeve body flange 712 may be designed as an integral structure, an inner sleeve 213 is further disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder 212 of the lower clamping plate, the inner sleeve 213 is disposed in the inner cavity of the mounting cylinder 212, and the inner sleeve 213 and the mounting cylinder 212 may be designed as an integral structure, when the positioning sleeve 7 is sleeved onto the central shaft cylinder 115, the positioning sleeve 7 is disposed in the inner sleeve 213, the central shaft cylinder 115 passes through the top of the sleeve body 711 of the positioning sleeve 7, the top of the sleeve body 711 contacts with the end surface of the inner shaft sleeve body 412, the sleeve body flange 712 of the sleeve 7 contacts with the bottom end surface of the inner sleeve 213, and after the nut 6 is screwed down, the sleeve body flange 712 of the sleeve 7 contacts with the bottom surface of the inner sleeve 213 to form an upward limiting structure.
When the primary suspension system of the present embodiment is mounted on an empty vehicle, it is still necessary to ensure that the steel springs 3 of the primary suspension system are in a pre-compressed state and that each layer of rubber 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in an intermediate position, and for this purpose, as shown in fig. 12 to 14, the present embodiment also provides a method for designing the primary suspension system from the pre-mounted state to the mounted state, comprising the steps of:
1) The upper clamping plate body 111 and the lower clamping plate body 211 of the primary suspension system in the pre-installation state are respectively connected with the bogie frame assembly 8 and the wheelset axle box assembly 9 of the empty car (as shown in figure 12);
2) The nut 6 is loosened, and then the positioning clamping sleeve 7 is taken away, at the moment, the steel spring 3 is in a precompressed state and each layer of rubber 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is in a state of being in a middle position due to downward acting force of empty load (as shown in fig. 13);
3) The nut 6 is then screwed again on the central shaft column 115 passing through the positioning sleeve 7, and the end face of the nut 6 is in contact with the inner shaft sleeve body 412 of the multi-layer rubber node, at this time, the upper clamping plate 1 and the inner shaft sleeve body 412 of the multi-layer rubber node form an integral structure, and in the actual working process, the upper clamping plate 1 and the inner shaft sleeve body 412 of the multi-layer rubber node can vibrate up and down together along the axial direction (as shown in fig. 14).
By designing the above-described steps of mounting to the empty car, it is also possible to ensure that the steel springs 3 of the primary suspension system are in a pre-compressed state and that each layer of rubber 411 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is also in a neutral position after the primary suspension system in this embodiment is mounted to the empty car.
In addition, it should be noted that, in this embodiment, through designing the above-mentioned first-line suspension system assembling step and the installation step when installing on the empty car, realized that the steel spring of first-line suspension system is in precompressed state all the time from the assembly to the loading and the state that every layer of rubber body of multilayer rubber node is all in the intermediate position all the time, no matter how long, also can guarantee the initial state of first-line suspension system all the time to the interval time of loading, also very big improvement the life of first-line suspension system.
As shown in fig. 4 and 15, a lower step 214 and an upper collar groove 215 are further provided on the inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder 212, an upper collar 10 is provided in the upper collar groove 215, the inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder 212 is provided as a vertical surface, and after the outer sleeve 413 of the multi-layer rubber node 4 is in contact interference fit with the vertical inner circumferential surface of the mounting cylinder 212, the lower step 214 is in contact with the lower end surface of the outer sleeve 413 and the upper collar 10 is in contact with the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 413, thereby axially limiting the outer sleeve 413 of the multi-layer rubber node 4.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3 and fig. 16, the outer peripheral surface of the second central shaft cone 114 is further sleeved with a sealing ring 11, after the central shaft 112 is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve body 412, the sealing ring 11 is pressed and contacted with the small end surface of the first central shaft cone 113 by using the upper end surface of the inner shaft sleeve body 412 to form a sealing structure, and in the actual working process, water and dust are always found to permeate into the sealing structure. The axial height of the conical cavity 415 is set to be H1, the axial height of the second central shaft cone 114 is set to be H2, then H2 is less than H1, after the sealing ring 11 is pressed and contacted on the small end face of the first central shaft cone 113 by using the upper end face of the inner shaft sleeve body 412 to form a sealing structure, a gap 12 is reserved between the small end face of the second central shaft cone 114 and the small end face of the conical cavity 415, and the design is mainly due to the fact that in the actual machining process, errors caused by machining precision of the conical surface are avoided, so that the errors caused by the machining precision are eliminated, the inner shaft sleeve body is ensured to be pressed with the sealing ring, and the sealing performance is further ensured.
As shown in fig. 4, a through hole 13 is further provided at the connection portion between the inner sleeve 213 and the mounting cylinder 212, and the through hole 13 has a function of being a drain hole in a pre-mounting state, and referring to fig. 9, since the bottom is blocked by the positioning sleeve 7 in the pre-mounting state, water permeated from the outside cannot be smoothly discharged, and thus, the water permeated from the outside can be discharged in the pre-mounting state by adding the through hole 13, and the other function of being a dismounting hole, when dismounting is performed, the multi-layer rubber node 4 can be ejected by extending into the through hole 13 by a dismounting tool.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper clamping plate 111 and the first central cone 113 are provided with concave grooves 14, the first central cone 113 is further provided with upper drain holes 15, and the upper drain holes 15 communicate the grooves 14 with the outside for draining water that permeates into the grooves 14 from the outside.
As shown in fig. 1, a rubber pad 16 is further disposed between the bottom end of the steel spring 3 and the lower clamping plate 211, and the compression height of the steel spring can be controlled by adjusting the height of the rubber pad 16.
As shown in fig. 14, when the bottom end of the inner sleeve body 412 extends into the inner sleeve 213 and is in an empty state, a gap D is left between the inner sleeve body 412 and the inner sleeve 213, so that in the actual working process, a hard stop structure in the radial direction can be formed by the mutual contact of the inner sleeve body 412 and the inner sleeve 213, thereby further ensuring the safety and stability of driving.
In summary, the invention adopts the design that the steel springs are mainly used for bearing vertical load, and the multi-layer rubber nodes with each layer of rubber bodies positioned at the middle position are used for providing larger radial rigidity and mainly bearing horizontal load, so that the dynamics characteristic of primary suspension is improved, and the safety and stability of driving are further ensured. Through the one-level interference fit structure between the installation barrel of design multilayer rubber node and lower plate and the second grade conical surface interference fit structure between the center pin of punch holder and the interior axle sleeve body of multilayer rubber node to make the product at the during operation, from the lower plate to the punch holder, the transmission of load passes through one-level interference fit and one-level conical surface cooperation in proper order, realizes gapless transmission at the inside aspect of primary suspension device, has further optimized the dynamics characteristic of this embodiment like this, has strengthened the result of use. Through design equipment step, can realize also having guaranteed that the steel spring is in the state that precompressed and every layer of rubber body of multilayer rubber node also is in the state of intermediate position after the product equipment accomplishes canceling pressure F, multilayer rubber node only receives radial precompaction load, can not receive axial load's influence to avoided in the preinstallation state, the problem emergence that creep relaxation takes place for the rubber body of multilayer rubber node, thereby eliminated the risk hidden danger, further improved the safe and stable performance of driving. Through the design and installation steps, after the primary suspension system is installed on an empty vehicle, the steel springs of the primary suspension system can be guaranteed to be in a precompressed state, and each layer of rubber bodies of the multi-layer rubber node are also in a state of being in a middle position. In addition, it should be noted that, in this embodiment, through designing the above-mentioned first-line suspension system assembling step and the installation step when installing on the empty car, realized that the steel spring of first-line suspension system is in precompressed state all the time from the assembly to the loading and the state that every layer of rubber body of multilayer rubber node is all in the intermediate position all the time, no matter how long, also can guarantee the initial state of first-line suspension system all the time to the interval time of loading, also very big improvement the life of first-line suspension system.
The term "plurality" as used in the embodiments means the number of "two or more". The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the relevant art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so that all equivalent technical solutions shall fall within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A design method of a primary suspension system is characterized in that the primary suspension system is designed into three parts of an upper clamping plate, a lower clamping plate and a steel spring, wherein the upper clamping plate comprises an upper clamping plate body and a central shaft arranged on one side of the upper clamping plate body, the lower clamping plate comprises a lower clamping plate body and a mounting cylinder arranged on one side of the lower clamping plate body, one end of the central shaft is connected with the upper clamping plate body, the other end of the central shaft stretches into the mounting cylinder, the steel spring is further arranged between the upper clamping plate body and the lower clamping plate body, one end of the steel spring is in contact with the upper clamping plate body, the other end of the steel spring is in contact with the lower clamping plate body, and the steel spring is in a precompressed state;
The design method is that a multi-layer rubber node is arranged in the installation cylinder, the other end of the central shaft is connected with the installation cylinder through the multi-layer rubber node, each layer of rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is located at the middle position, namely the horizontal central line of each layer of rubber body is overlapped with the horizontal line L position, when the multi-layer rubber node works, the steel spring is used for bearing vertical load, and the multi-layer rubber node of each layer of rubber body is located at the middle position for bearing horizontal load.
2. The design method of claim 1, wherein the multi-layer rubber joint further comprises an inner shaft sleeve body, an outer sleeve body and a plurality of spacers arranged between the inner shaft sleeve body and the outer sleeve body, wherein the inner shaft sleeve body, the plurality of spacers and the outer sleeve body are vulcanized and bonded through rubber bodies so as to form the multi-layer rubber joint, the inner cavity of the inner shaft sleeve body comprises a conical cavity positioned above and a cylindrical cavity positioned below, the big end of the conical cavity is positioned above, the small end of the conical cavity is positioned below, the cylindrical cavity is communicated with the small end of the conical cavity, and external threads are arranged on the other end of the central shaft cylinder;
After assembly, the multilayer rubber node is pressed in the installation cylinder of the lower clamping plate in an interference manner, the central shaft of the upper clamping plate is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve body of the multilayer rubber node, at the moment, the conical surface of the second central shaft cone of the central shaft is in interference fit contact with the conical surface of the conical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve body of the multilayer rubber node, the central shaft cylinder of the central shaft penetrates through the cylindrical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve body and is exposed out of the cylindrical cavity, a nut is connected to the central shaft cylinder exposed out of the cylindrical cavity through threads, and the central shaft cylinder and the inner shaft sleeve body are connected through the nut.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of assembling the primary suspension system comprises:
S1, firstly, installing a plurality of layers of rubber joints of which each layer of rubber body is positioned at the middle position into an installation cylinder of a lower clamping plate in an interference manner, and sleeving a steel spring on the installation cylinder;
S2, the fixture is used for supporting the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node, the upper clamping plate is pressed downwards, so that the upper clamping plate moves downwards, in the process of moving downwards, the upper clamping plate body of the upper clamping plate contacts with the upper end of the steel spring, downward pressure F is gradually applied to the steel spring, after moving downwards in place, the steel spring is in a precompressed state, meanwhile, in the process of moving downwards, the central shaft of the upper clamping plate is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node, at the moment, the conical surface of the central shaft cone II of the central shaft is in interference fit contact with the conical surface of the conical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node, and the central shaft column of the central shaft penetrates through the cylindrical cavity of the inner shaft sleeve body and is exposed out of the cylindrical cavity;
S3, under the condition that the pressure F is kept and each layer of rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is at the middle position, the positioning clamping sleeve is sleeved on the central shaft cylinder exposed out of the cylindrical cavity upwards, and after the completion, the central shaft cylinder penetrates through the top of the positioning clamping sleeve and the top of the positioning clamping sleeve is contacted with the inner shaft sleeve body, and the bottom of the positioning clamping sleeve is contacted with the lower clamping plate;
S4, screwing the nut on the central shaft column body penetrating through the positioning clamping sleeve, so that the upper clamping plate, the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node and the positioning clamping sleeve form an integrated structure, then the pressure F is canceled, and at the moment, the bottom of the positioning clamping sleeve is in contact with the lower clamping plate to form an upward limiting structure.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of installing the primary suspension system comprises the steps of:
1) The upper clamping plate body and the lower clamping plate body of the primary suspension system in a pre-installation state are respectively connected with a bogie frame assembly and an wheelset shaft box assembly of the empty car;
2) Loosening the nut, and taking away the positioning clamp sleeve, wherein at the moment, the steel spring is in a precompressed state and each layer of rubber body of the multi-layer rubber node is in a state of a middle position due to downward acting force of empty load;
3) And then screwing the nut on the central shaft column passing through the positioning clamping sleeve again, wherein the end face of the nut is contacted with the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node, and at the moment, the upper clamping plate and the inner shaft sleeve body of the multi-layer rubber node form an integrated structure.
5. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the positioning sleeve comprises a sleeve body with an inverted U-shaped shaft section and a sleeve body flange arranged at an opening at the bottom of the sleeve body, an inner sleeve is further arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the mounting cylinder of the lower clamping plate, the positioning sleeve is positioned in the inner sleeve after being sleeved on a central shaft cylinder upwards, the central shaft cylinder penetrates through the top of the sleeve body of the positioning sleeve, the top of the sleeve body is contacted with the end face of the inner shaft sleeve body, the sleeve body flange of the sleeve is contacted with the bottom end face of the inner sleeve, and an upward limiting structure is formed by contacting the sleeve body flange of the sleeve with the bottom end face of the inner sleeve after screwing the nut.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the inner peripheral surface of the mounting cylinder is set to be a vertical surface, and the outer sleeve of the multi-layer rubber node is in interference fit with the vertical inner peripheral surface of the mounting cylinder, so that the multi-layer rubber node is in interference fit with the mounting cylinder of the lower clamping plate.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the inner peripheral surface of the mounting cylinder is further provided with a lower step portion and an upper retainer groove, the upper retainer groove is provided with an upper retainer, the inner peripheral surface of the mounting cylinder is provided with a vertical surface, and the outer jacket of the multi-layer rubber node is axially limited by the contact and interference mounting of the outer jacket of the multi-layer rubber node with the vertical inner peripheral surface of the mounting cylinder, the contact of the lower step portion with the lower end surface of the outer jacket, and the contact of the upper retainer with the upper end surface of the outer jacket.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein a seal ring is further sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the central shaft cone, and the seal ring is pressed against the small end surface of the first central shaft cone by the upper end surface of the inner shaft sleeve body to form a seal structure after the central shaft is inserted into the inner shaft sleeve body.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein H1 is the axial height of the tapered cavity, H2< H1 is the axial height of the second tapered cavity, and a gap is left between the second tapered end face of the second tapered cavity and the first tapered end face of the tapered cavity after the seal ring is pressed against the first tapered end face of the first tapered cavity by the upper end face of the inner sleeve body to form a seal structure.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein a through hole for draining water in the pre-mounted state is further provided at a connecting portion between the inner sleeve and the mounting cylinder.
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| CN202510573973.2A CN120096637A (en) | 2025-05-06 | 2025-05-06 | A design method for a primary suspension system |
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| CN202510573973.2A CN120096637A (en) | 2025-05-06 | 2025-05-06 | A design method for a primary suspension system |
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| US20060065153A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-03-30 | Takao Watanabe | Axle box suspension for railway car |
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| CN218777520U (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-03-31 | 北京轨道交通技术装备集团有限公司 | Primary spring set for railway vehicle bogie and railway vehicle bogie |
| CN117404428A (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2024-01-16 | 株洲时代瑞唯减振装备有限公司 | Primary rubber spring with small vertical rigidity and large longitudinal rigidity |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060065153A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-03-30 | Takao Watanabe | Axle box suspension for railway car |
| CN102673596A (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-19 | 南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Composite axle box positioning device and processing and assembling method thereof |
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