CN113936817B - Fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions - Google Patents
Fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN113936817B CN113936817B CN202111196479.7A CN202111196479A CN113936817B CN 113936817 B CN113936817 B CN 113936817B CN 202111196479 A CN202111196479 A CN 202111196479A CN 113936817 B CN113936817 B CN 113936817B
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- runner
- cover plate
- cladding
- square
- tritium
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 titanium nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/13—First wall; Blanket; Divertor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance. The structure uses low-activation steel or reinforced low-activation steel as the material of the outer wall of the runner and uses a thin-wall ferrochrome tube as the inner wall of the runner. By using the cladding flow channel structure, a corrosion-resistant tritium-resistant coating is not required to be prepared on the inner wall of the flow channel by a coating technology, so that the manufacturing process of the cladding is greatly simplified, and the manufacturing cost can be effectively reduced. By the implementation of the invention, tritium can be effectively prevented from entering structural materials and coolant when the cladding runs, and meanwhile, corrosion of the flow passage on the pipeline wall is relieved. When the pipeline wall is damaged by fluid, the inner pipe can be oxidized again to realize self-repairing, and stable work is kept under the severe working condition of fusion reactor operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion engineering, in particular to a fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance.
Background
Fuel tritium of a fusion reactor is a scarce resource and is extremely expensive, so neutrons and lithium must be used to produce tritium in future fusion reactors. The cladding is a special component for tritium production in the fusion reactor, and contains a large number of runner structures for the flow of cooling medium and liquid proliferation agent.
Because tritium is extremely expensive, tritium enters the coolant through the runner wall to increase the load of a tritium recovery system, and the economy of fusion energy power generation is affected. Meanwhile, tritium has radioactivity, and a coolant mixed with a large amount of tritium can pollute a cooling loop to influence the nuclear safety of the fusion reactor. Thus, existing fusion reactor cladding designs have proposed making tritium and corrosion resistant coatings in the flow channel tube at nm to μm thickness. The coating material is mainly some oxides, such as alumina, erbium oxide, chromium oxide, yttrium oxide, etc., and some nitrides and carbides, such as titanium nitride, etc. The prior coating preparation methods with more applications comprise physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, hot dip plating, embedding method, spraying method, electroplating method, sol-gel method and the like, and the basic scheme is to coat the material which has lower tritium permeability and is not easy to react with coolant or liquid proliferation agent on the base material of the runner wall so as to achieve the tritium blocking purpose.
Because the length of the runner can reach more than 1m and has complex structures such as a bend, the cross section size (the diameter of a round runner or the side length of a square runner) is usually from a few mm to tens of mm, and it is extremely difficult to manufacture uniform tritium-blocking or anti-corrosion coatings inside the runner. Some methods are possible to prepare tritium-resistant coatings on the inner wall of a runner (such as the methods shown in the patent numbers CN200910264126, CN201310580813 and CN 201710364870), but the coatings can embrittle after neutron irradiation during the operation of a fusion reactor, and a coolant or a liquid proliferation agent can also interact with the wall surface of the runner at high temperature, so that the wall surface is corroded, the coatings are cracked and fall off, and tritium-resistant and corrosion-resistant effects are lost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance. The structure uses low-activation steel (RAFM) or reinforced low-activation steel as the material of the outer wall of the runner, and has higher strength, thermal conductivity and fusion neutron irradiation resistance. A thin-wall ferrochrome tube is used as the inner wall of a runner, and a layer of compact oxide layer is obtained on the surface of the thin-wall ferrochrome tube by means of thermal oxidation in an oxygen control atmosphere at a specific temperature, so that tritium resistance and corrosion resistance effects are realized. After the runner structure is processed, other coatings are not required to be coated in the runner, and the process is simple. In the use process, after the oxide layer on the surface of the runner is corroded or peeled off, the substrate is easily oxidized again on the damaged surface, and the automatic repair of the surface can be realized.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fusion reactor cladding flow channel structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions comprises a flow channel (11) suitable for a first wall of a fusion reactor cladding facing plasma, and a flow channel (12) of a cladding inner supporting plate or clamping plate; during cladding operation, a coolant or liquid breeder (24) passes through the flow passage; the flow channel structure comprises: the upper cover plate, the runner inner pipe and the lower cover plate are connected by adopting hot isostatic pressure diffusion welding or fusion welding. The first wall is positioned to face the plasma and is required to bear heat from the plasma; the internal supporting plate or the clamping plate of the cladding mainly plays a role in supporting and radiating the cladding.
The runner (12) of the supporting plate or the clamping plate in the cladding means that the supporting plate or the clamping plate is arranged in the cladding; when the cladding is internally provided with a supporting plate, the supporting plate is provided with a runner (12); when the cladding has a clamping plate inside, the clamping plate has a flow passage (12).
Further, the shape of the inner runner pipe adopts a round inner runner pipe (22), a square inner runner pipe (32) or a round-cornered square inner runner pipe (35); when using the hot isostatic diffusion welding manufacturing process, the inner tube is sealed as part of the sheath.
Further, the round runner inner pipe (22), the square runner inner pipe (32) and the round-cornered square runner inner pipe (35) are made of iron-chromium alloy, the alloy takes iron as a base material, the chromium content is 10-22wt%, the aluminum content is 0-5wt%, the silicon content is 0-1.8%, and trace (0-0.15 wt%) yttrium and/or zirconium elements are added.
Further, the upper cover plate comprises a round runner upper cover plate (21), a square runner upper cover plate (31) and a slotted square runner upper cover plate (34).
Further, the lower cover plate shape comprises a round runner lower cover plate (23), a square runner lower cover plate (33) and a slotted square runner lower cover plate (36).
Further, the round runner upper cover plate (21), the square runner upper cover plate (31), the slotted square runner upper cover plate (34), the round runner lower cover plate (23), the square runner lower cover plate (33) and the slotted square runner lower cover plate (36) are made of low-activation steel or reinforced low-activation steel materials.
The fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance comprises: an upper cover plate, a runner inner pipe and a lower cover plate.
The fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions is characterized in that the upper cover plate material is made of low-activation steel or reinforced low-activation steel. The upper cover plate has two forms: the first is a flat plate, the surface is smooth, and no additional processing is needed; the second type is milling a groove in accordance with the shape of the inner pipe of the runner pipe.
The fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions is characterized in that the inner pipe material of the flow passage is iron-chromium-aluminum alloy. The alloy takes iron as a matrix material, the chromium content is 10-22wt%, the aluminum content is 0-5wt%, the silicon content is 0-1.8%, and trace (0-0.15 wt%) elements such as yttrium and zirconium are added to improve the stability of the material.
The fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance functions is characterized in that the lower cover plate material is made of low-activation steel or reinforced low-activation steel. The cover plate has two forms: the first is a flat plate, the surface is smooth, and no additional processing is needed; the second type is matched with the shape of the inner pipe of the runner pipe and the groove is milled on the upper cover plate.
According to the fusion reactor cladding runner structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance, the upper cover plate, the inner pipe material and the lower cover plate are spliced in sequence, and tight combination can be realized by using two processes of hot isostatic pressure diffusion welding or fusion welding.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention does not need to additionally prepare a coating in the cladding flow channel, greatly simplifies the manufacturing process of the cladding and can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost. By implementing the flow channel structure provided by the invention, tritium from plasma and a proliferation agent can be effectively prevented from entering a coolant when the cladding runs, and meanwhile, corrosion of the flow channel on the pipeline wall caused by the flow channel is relieved. When the pipeline wall is damaged by fluid, the inner pipe can be oxidized again to realize self-repairing, and long-term work under the severe working condition of fusion reactor operation is kept.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention for a flow channel structure in a fusion reactor cladding application position;
FIG. 2 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a tritium-resistant and corrosion-resistant circular flow channel structure provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a tritium-resistant and corrosion-resistant square flow channel structure provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a tritium-resistant and corrosion-resistant rounded square flow channel structure provided by an embodiment of the invention;
the reference numerals in the figures denote in sequence: 11-a runner facing the first wall of the plasma, 12-a runner of a cladding inner support plate or clamping plate, 21-a round runner upper cover plate, 22-a round runner inner tube, 23-a round runner lower cover plate, 24-a coolant or a liquid proliferation agent, 31-a square runner upper cover plate, 32-a square runner inner tube, 33-a square runner lower cover plate, 34-a slotted square runner upper cover plate, 35-a rounded square runner inner tube, 36-a slotted square runner lower cover plate.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows exemplary locations in a cladding where the invention is applicable including: a flow channel 11 facing the first wall of the plasma and a flow channel 12 of a clad inner support plate or clamp. The fusion reactor cladding faces the flow channel 11 of the plasma first wall and the flow channel 12 of the cladding inner support plate or clamp plate. The first wall is positioned to face the plasma and is required to bear heat from the plasma; the cladding inner support plate and the clamping plate mainly play roles in supporting and radiating the cladding; during cladding operation, coolant or liquid breeder 24 passes through the flow channels; the flow channel structure comprises: the upper cover plate, the runner inner pipe and the lower cover plate are connected by adopting hot isostatic pressure diffusion welding or fusion welding.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a circular flow channel for a support plate flow channel, wherein a circular flow channel upper cover plate 21 is made of low-activation steel 9cr2wv Ta, and a semicircular groove with the diameter of 9mm is milled. The inner tube 22 of the circular runner adopts 22Cr4AlYZr ferrochrome alloy with the outer diameter of 9mm and the wall thickness of 1mm. The round runner lower cover plate 23 is milled with a 9mm diameter semicircular groove using low activation steel 9Cr2 WVTa. The circular runner upper cover plate 21, the circular runner inner pipe 22 and the circular runner lower cover plate 23 are sequentially spliced and put into a sheath for sealing welding, wherein the circular runner inner pipe 22 is used as a part of the sheath, and the pressure in the runner is consistent with the outside of the sheath in the hot isostatic pressing process. The hot isostatic pressing parameters in this example are: the temperature is 750-800 ℃, the pressure is 100-130MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3-4.5h. During cladding operation, a coolant or liquid breeder 24 is passed through the flow channels of the circular flow channel inner tube 22.
Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a square flow channel with a first wall, using a flat square flow channel upper cover plate 31, made of a low activation steel F82H with a wall thickness of 2.5mm. The square runner inner tube 32 adopts a square tube, the outer edge length is 8.5mm, the wall thickness is 0.5mm, and the material is 15Cr1.5SiY ferrochrome. The surface of the square runner lower cover plate 33 is flat, and low-activation steel F82H is adopted. The square runner upper cover plate 31, the square runner inner tube 32 and the square runner lower cover plate 33 are sequentially spliced and put into a sheath for sealing welding, wherein the square runner inner tube 32 is used as a part of the sheath, and the pressure in the runner is consistent with the outside of the sheath in the hot isostatic pressing process. The hot isostatic pressing parameters in this example are: the temperature is 750-980 ℃, the pressure is 100-150MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3-6h. During cladding operation, coolant or liquid breeder 24 is passed through the flow channels of square flow channel inner tube 32.
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the first wall square runner, which uses a slotted square runner top cover 34 made of an oxide dispersion strengthening low activation steel (ODS-RAFM), one side is milled with 4.5mm deep and 9mm wide slots, the slot bottom edge is chamfered by 1mm, and the wall thickness of the slot bottom is 2.5mm. The rounded square flow channel inner pipe 35 adopts square pipes, the outer edge length is 8.5mm, the wall thickness is 0.5mm, and the rounded corners are rounded by 1mm. The material is 12Cr1.5Si1AlY ferrochrome. A groove type square runner lower cover plate 36 is provided with a groove with a depth of 4.5mm and a width of 9mm, and the edge of the groove bottom is provided with a chamfer angle of 1mm, and the material is ODS steel. The slotted square runner upper cover plate 34, the round-cornered square runner inner pipe 35 and the slotted square runner lower cover plate 36 are sequentially spliced and arranged in a sheath for sealing and welding, wherein the round-cornered square runner inner pipe 35 is used as a part of the sheath, and the pressure is consistent with the outside of the sheath in the hot isostatic pressing process. The hot isostatic pressing parameters in this example are: the temperature is 900-1000 ℃, the pressure is 150-200MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3-6h. During cladding operation, coolant or liquid breeder 24 is passed through the flow channels of rounded square flow channel inner tube 35.
After the runner structure is processed, other coatings are not required to be coated in the runner, and a layer of compact oxide layer is obtained on the surface of the runner by means of thermal oxidation in an oxygen control atmosphere at a specific temperature, so that tritium resistance and corrosion resistance effects can be realized. The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The fusion reactor cladding flow passage structure with tritium resistance and corrosion resistance is characterized by comprising a flow passage (11) which is applicable to the fusion reactor cladding and faces a first wall of plasma, and a flow passage (12) of a cladding internal supporting plate or clamping plate, wherein the first wall is positioned to face the plasma and needs to bear heat from the plasma; the cladding internal support plate or the clamping plate mainly plays a role in supporting and radiating the cladding; during cladding operation, a coolant or liquid breeder (24) passes through the flow passage; the flow channel structure comprises: the upper cover plate, the runner inner pipe and the lower cover plate are connected by adopting hot isostatic pressure diffusion welding;
the shape of the runner inner pipe adopts a round runner inner pipe (22), a square runner inner pipe (32) or a round-cornered square runner inner pipe (35); sealing and welding an inner tube serving as a part of the sheath by using a hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding manufacturing process;
the circular runner inner tube (22), the square runner inner tube (32) and the rounded square runner inner tube (35) are made of ferrochrome, iron is used as a matrix material, and the ferrochrome comprises 10-22wt% of chromium, more than 0 and less than or equal to 5wt% of aluminum, more than 0 and less than or equal to 1.8% of silicon, more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.15 and wt% of yttrium and/or zirconium element and the balance of iron;
the upper cover plate comprises a round runner upper cover plate (21), a square runner upper cover plate (31) and a slotted square runner upper cover plate (34);
the lower cover plate comprises a round runner lower cover plate (23), a square runner lower cover plate (33) and a slotted square runner lower cover plate (36);
the circular runner upper cover plate (21), the square runner upper cover plate (31), the slotted square runner upper cover plate (34), the circular runner lower cover plate (23), the square runner lower cover plate (33) and the slotted square runner lower cover plate (36) are made of low-activation steel or reinforced low-activation steel materials; the flow channel structure does not need to be additionally coated in the cladding flow channel, tritium from plasma and proliferation agent can be effectively prevented from entering the coolant when the cladding runs, and meanwhile, corrosion of the flow channel on the pipeline wall caused by the flow channel is relieved.
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| US4996020A (en) * | 1988-09-21 | 1991-02-26 | Hitachi, Ltd. | A system for restraining diffusion of tritium |
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