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CN113850736A - Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise removing method - Google Patents

Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise removing method Download PDF

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CN113850736A
CN113850736A CN202111083142.5A CN202111083142A CN113850736A CN 113850736 A CN113850736 A CN 113850736A CN 202111083142 A CN202111083142 A CN 202111083142A CN 113850736 A CN113850736 A CN 113850736A
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黄梦醒
殷家汇
冯思玲
毋媛媛
冯文龙
张雨
吴迪
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Hainan University
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Abstract

本发明提供一种泊松‑高斯混合噪声的去除方法，包括下列步骤：构建包含泊松‑高斯混合噪声图像的数据集，将所述数据集划分为训练集与测试集；建立噪声图像去噪模型，所述模型包括GAT层、CNN层、残差层、逆GAT层，将所述训练集中的数据输入所述非盲泊松‑高斯混合去噪模型中进行训练，从而获得训练完成的非盲泊松‑高斯混合去噪模型；将所述测试集的数据输入所述非盲泊松‑高斯混合去噪模型，获得图像去噪结果。

Figure 202111083142

The present invention provides a method for removing Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise, comprising the following steps: constructing a data set containing Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise images, dividing the data set into a training set and a test set; establishing noise image denoising Model, the model includes a GAT layer, a CNN layer, a residual layer, and an inverse GAT layer, and the data in the training set is input into the non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model for training, so as to obtain a non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model. Blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model; input the data of the test set into the non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model to obtain image denoising results.

Figure 202111083142

Description

Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise removing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image denoising, in particular to a method for removing Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise.
Background
Image denoising is a technology for recovering a clear image by removing noise by using context information of an image sequence, and is one of important research contents in the field of computer vision. The main methods for image denoising include: the method comprises the traditional denoising method based on artificial features and the denoising method based on deep learning. The traditional image denoising method based on artificial features uses discrete cosine transform, wavelet transform and the like to modify transform coefficients, and calculates local similarity by using average neighborhood values. The NLM method and the BM3D method take advantage of the self-similar patch to achieve a prominent effect on image fidelity and visual quality. Because the encoding of the image features by the traditional denoising method depends on the hypothesis of the original image, the matching degree of the encoding features in the real image is low, the performance and the flexibility of the method in practical application are reduced, and the feature extraction process of the method is complicated, time-consuming and large in calculation amount, and is not suitable for processing real noise with complicated distribution.
With the development of machine learning, deep learning is widely applied in the field of image denoising and becomes an effective solution for processing image denoising. Compared with the traditional image denoising method, the image denoising method based on the deep learning has strong learning capability, not only can fit complex noise distribution, but also saves the calculation time. The early deep learning image denoising method uses a reinforcement learning technique and Q-learning training to train a recurrent neural network. However, the reinforcement learning-based method has a large calculation amount and low search efficiency. The deep learning denoising method combines modes such as jump connection, attention mechanism and multi-scale feature fusion to improve the network feature expression capability, but the methods have a deeper network structure and are easy to cause problems such as gradient explosion or gradient dispersion in the training process. In recent years, some denoising methods adopting transfer learning and model compression transfer trained parameters to a new lightweight model, so as to accelerate and optimize learning efficiency and effectively avoid gradient problems.
The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a basic network for deep learning, and the feature expression capability is improved by continuously optimizing the network. DnCN is a typical self-supervised denoising network. This network has enjoyed great success in image denoising of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). But has limited performance on real noisy photographs. Mainly because the learned model is easily over-fitted on the simplified AWGN model, which deviates significantly from the true noise model. For a single denoising model, although a good denoising effect can be achieved on a noise image of a specified category, the single denoising model does not have generalization capability, and the non-target noise removing effect is not satisfactory. For mixed noise (such as poisson gaussian mixed noise), it is difficult to obtain a good denoising effect. The real noisy images contain mixed noise, which is the result of the influence of the internal circuit factors of the digital equipment for photographing and the illumination intensity of the photographing environment. A poisson-gaussian noise model is typically used to describe the true source-related noise in the original image, which has a non-uniform noise variance and two parameters (λ, σ). λ represents the intensity of poisson noise, which generally occurs in a line with little or high-power electronic amplification; σ represents a variance of gaussian noise, which is generated when the field of view of the image sensor is not bright enough and brightness is not uniform enough or when the noise of each component of the circuit affects each other when the image sensor takes an image. Most of the existing Poisson-Gaussian noise estimation methods firstly obtain the mean value and the variance of local estimation, and then use the local estimation to fit a noise model by using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), which has the problems of low processing speed and poor noise removal effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for removing poisson-gaussian mixed noise, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a Poisson-Gaussian mixture noise removing method comprises the following steps:
constructing a data set containing a Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise image, and dividing the data set into a training set and a test set;
establishing a noise image denoising model, wherein the model comprises a GAT layer, a CNN layer, a residual layer and an inverse GAT layer, and inputting the data in the training set into the non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model for training so as to obtain a trained non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model;
and inputting the data of the test set into the non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixed denoising model to obtain an image denoising result.
Optionally, the GAT layer is configured to include poisson-gaussian mixed noise np-gThe image fitting of (1) comprises Gaussian noise ngImage Y ofiWhich obtains an image YiThe specific expression of (A) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003264720310000031
wherein, YiFor noisy pixels, λ is the intensity of poisson noise, and σ is the standard deviation of gaussian noise.
Optionally, the CNN layer includes a DnCNN deep learning network for transforming the image YiInputting the DnCNN deep learning network for training to obtain a residual mapping function R (y) approximately equal to ngIn the training process, the mean square error is used as a loss function to train the parameter theta of the DnCNN deep learning network, and the expression of the loss function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003264720310000032
wherein, N represents the number of pairs of noise images and clear images converted by the GAT module, i.e. the number of samples of each training batch, then the parameter θ is optimized by using an Adam optimizer, and the weight is updated as:
Figure BDA0003264720310000033
Figure BDA0003264720310000034
wherein W is a convolution kernel, l is the current number of layers, b is the number of iterations, and α is the learning rate;
optionally, a PReLu function is adopted as a nonlinear activation function in the DnCNN deep learning network.
Optionally, the residual layer is used for transforming the image Y to be subjected to the GAT layeriAnd fitting Gaussian noise n extracted through CNN layergMaking a difference: x ═ Yi-ngAnd obtaining a primary clear image X.
Optionally, the inverse GAT layer is configured to combine each pixel X in the preliminary sharp image X with the corresponding pixel XiCarrying out inverse GAT conversion to obtain each pixel point I of the final clean imageiThe transformation process comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003264720310000041
where λ is the intensity of the poisson noise and σ is the standard deviation of the gaussian noise.
Optionally, when constructing the data set including the poisson-gaussian mixture noise image, the method includes:
acquiring a clean image, calculating the gray value of a pixel point of the clean image, and sequentially adding the gray value, the intensity lambda of Poisson noise and the standard deviation sigma of Gaussian noise to obtain a mixed noise image;
and preprocessing the mixed noise image, wherein the preprocessing comprises overturning, translation or rotation, and finally obtaining a data set containing the Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise image.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for removing Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise provided by the invention fully considers the noise interference of a digital image in the actual imaging process, the result of the method can be as close to real noise as possible, and the method has wider applicability compared with a common single Gaussian noise model.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a poisson-gaussian mixed noise removing method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a noise image denoising model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a DnCNN deep learning network structure provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a subset of embodiments of the invention and not all embodiments of the invention, with the understanding that the invention is not limited to the example embodiments described herein. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the invention described herein without inventive step, shall fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
It is to be understood that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.
In order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, a detailed structure will be set forth in the following description in order to explain the present invention. Alternative embodiments of the invention are described in detail below, however, the invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a poisson-gaussian mixture noise removing method includes the following steps:
s1, constructing a data set containing a Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise image, and dividing the data set into a training set and a test set;
s2, establishing a noise image denoising model which comprises a GAT layer, a CNN layer, a residual error layer and an inverse GAT layer, inputting the data in the training set into the non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model for training, and thus obtaining a trained non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model;
and S3, inputting the data of the test set into the non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model to obtain an image denoising result.
In step S1, the data set may be constructed by acquiring an image containing poisson-gaussian mixed noise, and the image containing poisson-gaussian mixed noise may be obtained by adding poisson-gaussian mixed noise to the clean image, where the process of adding poisson-gaussian mixed noise to the clean image includes:
acquiring a clean image, calculating the gray value of a pixel point of the clean image, and sequentially adding the gray value, the intensity lambda of Poisson noise and the standard deviation sigma of Gaussian noise to obtain a mixed noise image;
and preprocessing the mixed noise image, wherein the preprocessing comprises overturning, translation or rotation, and finally obtaining a data set containing the Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise image.
It should be noted that poisson noise generally occurs in a circuit with very low or high power electronic amplification, and the mathematical expression is:
Figure BDA0003264720310000061
where λ is related to the illumination intensity and σ represents the standard deviation of the gaussian noise, the probability density function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003264720310000062
as an example, the python code in this embodiment adds poisson-gaussian mixed noise specifying λ, σ to the image, which is specifically as follows:
Figure BDA0003264720310000063
Figure BDA0003264720310000071
as an example, when the noise level is known, the addition can be performed by the above steps, and for blind denoising, only the noise level estimator needs to be added in the process to obtain the parameters σ and λ of the noise, such as BP-aid. Poisson-Gaussian noise parameter estimation can also be realized through a neural network, such as PGE-Net, and parameters of the input mixed noise image are estimated through a preset network to obtain sigma and lambda.
Optionally, in step S2, the GAT layer is configured to include poisson-gaussian mixed noise np-gThe image fitting of (1) comprises Gaussian noise ngImage Y ofiWhich obtains an image YiThe specific expression of (A) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003264720310000072
wherein, YiFor noisy pixels, λ is the intensity of poisson noise, and σ is the standard deviation of gaussian noise.
Referring to fig. 3, optionally, in step S2, the CNN layer includes a DnCNN deep learning network for transforming the image YiInputting the DnCNN deep learning network for training to obtain fitting Gaussian noise ngThe network adopts a mode of combining Batch Normalization (Batch Normalization) and Residual Learning (Residual Learning), a single model can be trained to carry out Gaussian denoising, and the network outputs a Residual image of noise. With x representing a sharp image, ngRepresenting the Gaussian noise after the last step of GAT layer transformation, and for the transformed noisy image y being x + ngTraining a residual mapping function R (y) approximately equal to n through a residual networkg。
In the training process, the mean square error is used as a loss function to train the parameter theta of the DnCNN deep learning network, and the expression of the loss function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003264720310000081
wherein, N represents the number of pairs of noise images and clear images converted by the GAT module, i.e. the number of samples of each training batch, then the parameter θ is optimized by using an Adam optimizer, and the weight is updated as:
Figure BDA0003264720310000082
Figure BDA0003264720310000083
wherein W is a convolution kernel, 1 is the current number of layers, b is the number of iterations, and α is the learning rate;
as one embodiment of the application, a PReLu function is adopted to replace ReLu activation as a nonlinear activation function in the DnCNN deep learning network.
The ReLu activation function filters the negative half shaft part, so that partial information is lost, the output data distribution is not centered at 0 any more, and the data distribution is changed. The PReLu function solves the influence brought by the 0 interval of ReLu, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003264720310000084
wherein a is a constant, such as a value of 0.02.
Further, the DnCNN deep learning network further comprises quasi-normalization processing, and in the batch normalization processing, corresponding input x is subjected to normalization operation through mini-batch, so that the output signals are distributed in a mode that the mean value is 0 and the variance is 1 in each dimension. This is the standard normal distribution, which is the main reason why the network shows strong removal capability to gaussian noise, and the batch normalization operation is as follows
Figure BDA0003264720310000085
Optionally, in step S2, the residual layer is used for transforming the image Y to be subjected to the GAT layeriAnd fitting Gaussian noise n extracted through CNN layergMaking a difference: x ═ Yi-ngAnd obtaining a primary clear image X.
Optionally, in step S2, the inverse GAT layer is used to combine each pixel X in the preliminary sharp image XiCarrying out inverse GAT conversion to obtain each pixel point I of the final clean imageiThe transformation process comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003264720310000091
where λ is the intensity of the poisson noise and σ is the standard deviation of the gaussian noise.
In summary, the non-blind poisson-gaussian mixed denoising model provided by the invention utilizes GAT transformation to process poisson-gaussian mixed noise, fits gaussian noise and performs denoising, and finally recovers a clear image through inverse GAT transformation. Noise interference of the digital image in the actual imaging process is fully considered, the Poisson-Gaussian noise model can be as close to real noise as possible, and the method has wider applicability than a common single Gaussian noise model.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1.一种泊松-高斯混合噪声的去除方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：1. a removal method of Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 构建包含泊松-高斯混合噪声图像的数据集，将所述数据集划分为训练集与测试集；constructing a dataset containing Poisson-Gaussian mixture noise images, and dividing the dataset into a training set and a test set; 建立噪声图像去噪模型，所述模型包括GAT层、CNN层、残差层、逆GAT层，将所述训练集中的数据输入所述非盲泊松-高斯混合去噪模型中进行训练，从而获得训练完成的非盲泊松-高斯混合去噪模型；A noise image denoising model is established, the model includes a GAT layer, a CNN layer, a residual layer, and an inverse GAT layer, and the data in the training set is input into the non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model for training, thereby Obtain the trained non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model; 将所述测试集的数据输入所述非盲泊松-高斯混合去噪模型，获得图像去噪结果。Input the data of the test set into the non-blind Poisson-Gaussian mixture denoising model to obtain image denoising results. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种泊松-高斯混合噪声的去除方法，其特征在于，所述GAT层，用于将包含泊松-高斯混合噪声np-g的图像拟合成包含高斯噪声ng的图像Yi，其获得图像Yi的具体表达式为：2. a kind of removal method of Poisson-Gaussian mixture noise according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described GAT layer is used for fitting the image containing Poisson-Gaussian mixture noise n pg to contain Gaussian noise For the image Yi of n g , the specific expression for obtaining the image Yi is:
Figure FDA0003264720300000011
Figure FDA0003264720300000011
 其中，Yi为含噪像素，λ为泊松噪声的强度，σ为高斯噪声的标准差。Among them, Yi is the noisy pixel, λ is the intensity of Poisson noise, and σ is the standard deviation of Gaussian noise. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种泊松-高斯混合噪声的去除方法，其特征在于，所述CNN层包括DnCNN深度学习网络，用于将所述图像Yi输入所述DnCNN深度学习网络进行训练，获得一个残差映射函数R(y)≈ng，在训练过程中，采用均方误差作为损失函数来训练所述DnCNN深度学习网络的参数θ，所述损失函数的表达式为：3. the removal method of a kind of Poisson-Gaussian mixture noise according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described CNN layer comprises DnCNN deep learning network, is used for described image Yi input described DnCNN deep learning network Perform training to obtain a residual mapping function R(y)≈n g . During the training process, the mean square error is used as the loss function to train the parameter θ of the DnCNN deep learning network. The expression of the loss function is:
Figure FDA0003264720300000012
Figure FDA0003264720300000012
 其中，N表示经GAT模块转换后的噪声图像与清晰图像对的个数，即每个训练批次的样本数，然后利用Adam优化器对所述参数θ进行优化，将权重更新为：Among them, N represents the number of noisy image and clear image pairs converted by the GAT module, that is, the number of samples in each training batch, and then the parameter θ is optimized by the Adam optimizer, and the weight is updated as:
Figure FDA0003264720300000021
Figure FDA0003264720300000021
Figure FDA0003264720300000022
Figure FDA0003264720300000022
 其中W是卷积核，l是当前的层数，b是迭代次数，α是学习率。where W is the convolution kernel, l is the current number of layers, b is the number of iterations, and α is the learning rate. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种泊松-高斯混合噪声的去除方法，其特征在于，采用PReLu函数作为所述DnCNN深度学习网络中的非线性激活函数。4 . The method for removing Poisson-Gaussian mixture noise according to claim 3 , wherein a PReLu function is used as the nonlinear activation function in the DnCNN deep learning network. 5 . 5.根据权利要求3所述的一种泊松-高斯混合噪声的去除方法，其特征在于，所述残差层，用于将将经过GAT层变换后的图像Yi与通过CNN层提取出来的拟合高斯噪声ng作差：X＝Yi-ng，得到初步清晰图像X。5. The method for removing a Poisson-Gaussian mixture noise according to claim 3, wherein the residual layer is used to extract the image Y i transformed by the GAT layer and the CNN layer. The fitting Gaussian noise ng is made difference: X=Y i -ng , and a preliminary clear image X is obtained. 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种泊松-高斯混合噪声的去除方法，其特征在于，所述逆GAT层，用于将所述初步清晰图像X中的每个像素xi进行逆GAT变换，得到最终清洁图像的每个像素点Ii，其变换过程包括：6. The method for removing a Poisson-Gaussian mixture noise according to claim 5, wherein the inverse GAT layer is used to perform inverse GAT on each pixel x i in the preliminary clear image X transformation to obtain each pixel point I i of the final clean image, and the transformation process includes:
Figure FDA0003264720300000023
Figure FDA0003264720300000023
 其中λ为泊松噪声的强度，σ为高斯噪声的标准差。where λ is the intensity of Poisson noise and σ is the standard deviation of Gaussian noise. 7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的一种泊松-高斯混合噪声的去除方法，其特征在于，在构建包含泊松-高斯混合噪声图像的数据集时，包括：7. The method for removing a Poisson-Gaussian mixture noise according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, when constructing a data set comprising a Poisson-Gaussian mixture noise image, the method comprises: 获取干净图像，计算所述干净图像的像素点的灰度值，将所述灰度值与泊松噪声的强度λ、高斯噪声的标准差σ依次相加，获得混合噪声图像；Obtain a clean image, calculate the gray value of the pixel point of the clean image, and sequentially add the gray value, the intensity λ of Poisson noise, and the standard deviation σ of Gaussian noise to obtain a mixed noise image; 对所述混合噪声图像进行预处理，所述预处理包括翻转、平移或旋转，最终获得包含泊松-高斯混合噪声图像的数据集。The mixed noise image is preprocessed, and the preprocessing includes flipping, translation or rotation, and finally a data set containing the Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise image is obtained.
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