CN113786515B - 一种交联生物组织的处理方法 - Google Patents
一种交联生物组织的处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113786515B CN113786515B CN202110942435.8A CN202110942435A CN113786515B CN 113786515 B CN113786515 B CN 113786515B CN 202110942435 A CN202110942435 A CN 202110942435A CN 113786515 B CN113786515 B CN 113786515B
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物医学技术领域,尤其涉及一种交联生物组织的处理方法。该处理方法包括:将交联后的生物组织清洗后,加入谷胱甘肽溶液,20~37℃处理24h。本发明利用特定浓度的谷胱甘肽结合特定的处理条件,对戊二醛交联后的生物组织进行处理,实验表明,该方法能够有效地清楚戊二醛残余醛基,且不会对戊二醛交联造成影响,效果明显优于其他处理条件和处理浓度的对照组,且反应条件温和高效,谷胱甘肽获取容易,成本低廉,整体操作简便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学技术领域,尤其涉及一种交联生物组织的处理方法。
背景技术
戊二醛交联处理是目前生物瓣膜化学交联的行业首选,具有操作简单,成本低以及胶原蛋白交联程度高的特点。
戊二醛易溶于水,含有两个醛基,可实现胶原蛋白分子间和分子内形成共价键而交联固定,同时可降低组织免疫原性及增加稳定性机制。戊二醛的醛基和赖氨酸或羟脯氨酸的氨基之间相互作用形成Schiff碱;戊二醛也可以先发生醇醛缩合形成戊二醛聚合物,再与胶原分子中的氨基发生反应形成分子问的交联。戊二醛不仅能与氨基相互作用,还能与羧基、酰胺基和其他基团相互作用。戊二醛灭活组织细胞从而阻止了抗原决定簇的表达,将生物材料中多肽、糖脂、脂蛋白及脂多糖等具有抗原性的成分交联形成不溶性大分子,很大程度上遮蔽了抗原决定簇。通过戊二醛交联减少了组织内的自由氨基含量,降低了材料抗原性。戊二醛交联生物性材料后,酶分子因不易渗透到要裂解的部位而使降解作用受阻,这使材料的抗酶解能力提高,生物稳定性也就相应增加。戊二醛本身具有杀菌抑菌作用,广泛用于消毒灭菌、制药等行业,经戊二醛交联处理的瓣膜可以避免细菌滋生而引发瓣膜腐败。
但戊二醛交联具有较强的细胞毒性,经戊二醛交联的生物瓣因游离醛基缓慢微量的释出仍可引起细胞毒性,不利于细胞粘附生长和内皮化。且戊二醛交联后残留的醛基带负电,容易静电吸附钙离子,富集形成钙核,引发钙化;
目前针对交联后的残余醛基,国内外提出了许多思路,一是充分漂洗洗脱去除残余醛基,文献表明,使用PBS充分漂洗可明显减少游离醛基含量;二是应用氨基化合物进行交联封闭游离醛基,如采用甘氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、牛磺酸、半胱氨酸等氨基酸处理GA交联的瓣膜材料,采用油酸(清洁剂)及引入二元胺,原理都是增加额外交联,用氨基中和残余醛基;三是通过还原反应,将醛基转化为羟基,用硼氢化钠还原醛基为醇;四是通过缩醛反应中和醛基,Sang-Soo Kim使用10%柠檬酸与醛基反应中和降低了戊二醛的细胞毒性;五是通过加成反应去除醛基,周建业等人使用亚硫酸氢钠与醛基加成形成羟基磺酸钠沉淀充分去除游离醛基;与仅用GA处理的材料相比,这些处理显著减少了生物假体的钙化。
虽然目前国内外针对戊二醛交联残余醛基的问题提出了一些解决方法和技术,但仍存在一些问题:(1)充分漂洗洗脱去除残余醛基,存在漂洗不干净的问题,只能洗去未交联的戊二醛,而戊二醛有两个醛基,漂洗方法不能处理一端交联,另一端未交联的戊二醛,这一部分醛基仍然存在毒性以及吸附钙离子导致钙化的可能性;(2)应用氨基化合物如氨基酸进行交联封闭或者柠檬酸进行缩醛反应封闭醛基,其醛基封闭效果良好,但是由于反应条件为酸性,会影响原来结合的戊二醛(Schiff碱)交联,影响交联效果;(3)通过还原反应将醛基转化为羟基的硼氢化钠为管制用品难以获取;(4)通过硫酸氢钠与醛基加成形成羟基磺酸钠沉淀会沉积在心包表面,对于心包材料的性能影响具体效果有待进一步验证。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明针对戊二醛交联残余醛基以及毒性的问题,提供了一种交联生物组织的处理方法。该方法使用谷胱甘肽作为解毒剂和醛基封闭剂,经细胞毒性试验、溶血实验以及醛基检测方法验证,并将目前常用的甘氨酸作为对照,结果显示谷胱甘肽清除醛基及解毒效果良好,且不影响交联材料的力学性能和交联强度。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供一种交联生物组织的处理方法,该方法包括:将交联后的生物组织清洗后,加入谷胱甘肽溶液,20~37℃处理24h。
谷胱甘肽GSH(N-L-G-谷氨酰基-L-半胱氨酰甘氨酸)是一种由半胱氨酸、谷氨酸和甘氨酸组成的三肽,其结构中含有一个活泼的巯基(-SH),在氧化应激条件下可转化为氧化形式,又可通过谷胱甘肽还原酶的作用还原为还原形式。因此,GSH是体内一种重要的抗氧化剂,它可清除体内自由基,保护体内蛋白质和酶等分子中的巯基。也有研究表明,体内乙醛可与半胱氨酸和(或)谷胱甘肽结合,细胞内游离谷胱甘肽水平降低,提示GSH可能直接参与乙醛的代谢;某些醛类可与GSH反应生成硫代半缩醛,有研究者以甲醛为例描述了这一反应过程,甲醛可与GSH发生自发反应,形成S-羟甲基谷胱甘肽,随后被胞浆甲醛脱氢酶氧化,将两个电子转移至辅酶Ⅰ(NAD+)后形成甲酰谷胱甘肽。
本发明将谷胱甘肽用于戊二醛交联后的醛基封闭和解毒,经细胞毒性实验验证具有良好的解毒效果,经力学、热皱缩、组织学染色、酶解、电镜验证本发明处理方法不影响原有的戊二醛交联强度和交联组织的力学性能。
一些实施方案中,所述交联后的生物组织的制备方法包括:
1)将生物组织切成1cm×1cm大小,脱细胞后保存于1%青-链霉素的PBS缓冲液中;
2)取步骤1)保存的生物组织,加入0.625%~2%戊二醛溶液和pH7.4 PBS缓冲液,室温交联48h。
一些实施方案中,所述生物组织包括心包组织、血管组织或瓣膜组织。一些具体实施例中,所述生物组织为细胞组织,具体为牛心包。
一些实施方案中,所述脱细胞包括以下步骤:
1)0.1%新洁尔灭20℃处理30min,每10min搅拌一次;
2)0.25%Triton X-100在37℃,120rpm震荡漂洗48h,每12h换液一次;
3)3u/mlDNase-I/0.03mg/ml RNase-A 37℃120rpm震荡漂洗24h,12h换液一次;
4)蒸馏水漂洗48h,每8h换液;
5)PBS漂洗24h,换液后保存。
本发明对脱细胞方法没有特殊限制,仅为获取去细胞心包为本研究中实验组与对照组的生物材料,包括但不仅限于以上方法,可采用本领域常用的其他方法。
一些实施方案中,所述清洗的次数为1~3次,每次清洗的时间为10min,清洗用的清洗液为PBS缓冲液。
一些实施方案中,所述谷胱甘肽溶液的浓度为2~4mmol/L,一些具体实施例中具体可为2mmol/L、3mmol/L或4mmol/L。
一些实施方案中,所述处理的温度优选为20~37℃,具体可为20℃或37℃,以及两者之间的温度。
本发明提供的交联生物组织的处理方法包括:将交联后的生物组织漂洗后,加入谷胱甘肽溶液,20~37℃处理24h。本发明利用特定浓度的谷胱甘肽结合特定的处理条件,对戊二醛交联后的生物组织进行处理,实验表明,该方法能够有效地清楚戊二醛残余醛基,且不会对戊二醛交联造成影响,效果明显优于其他处理条件和处理浓度的对照组,且反应条件温和高效,谷胱甘肽获取容易,成本低廉,整体操作简便。
附图说明
图1示组织学染色测定不同处理组对戊二醛交联组织中戊二醛的清除效果;
图2示不同处理组对2%戊二醛交联组织细胞毒性的影响;
图3示不同处理组对0.625%戊二醛交联组织细胞毒性的影响;
图4示对照组(去细胞+0.625%戊二醛组处理心包)的力学性能测试结果;
图5示实验组(去细胞+0.625%戊二醛+4mmol/L谷胱甘肽组处理牛心包)的力学性能测试结果;
图6示对照组(去细胞+0.625%戊二醛组处理心包)的电镜观察结果;
图7示实验组(去细胞+0.625%戊二醛+4mmol/L谷胱甘肽组处理牛心包)的电镜观察结果;
图8示实验组(去细胞+0.625%戊二醛+4mmol/L谷胱甘肽组处理牛心包)的HE染色结果;
图9示实验组(去细胞+0.625%戊二醛+4mmol/L谷胱甘肽组处理牛心包)的Masson染色结果。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种交联生物组织的处理方法。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明采用的试材皆为普通市售品,皆可于市场购得。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明:
实施例1不同处理条件下的效果比较
取新鲜黄牛心包,精细剥离脂肪组织,切成1*1cm大小,保存在1%青-链霉素的PBS缓冲液中;用0.625%戊二醛,PH7.4 PBS,室温交联48h;
将交联后的牛心包用PBS缓冲液漂洗10min*3次,然后根据谷胱甘肽不同处理条件分成以下几组:
S组(标准组):4mmol/L,37℃,24h;
A组:4mmol/L,0℃,24h;
B组:4mmol/L,20℃,24h;
C组:1mmol/L,37℃,24h;
D组:2mmol/L,37℃,24h;
N组:戊二醛交联后未用谷胱甘肽处理;
用席夫试剂滴加染色,室温2h后观察染色结果,结果见图1。
席夫氏试剂是检测醛基的试剂,能跟醛作用显紫色,与酮作用不显色。这一显色反应非常灵敏,可用于鉴别醛类化合物。
根据染色颜色深浅,可以看出醛基残余含量,颜色越深,醛基含量越多,颜色越浅,醛基含量越少;
从图1中可以看到,S组:谷胱甘肽(4mmol/L,37℃)的效果最好,心包保持为本来颜色;N组:未经谷胱甘肽处理的戊二醛交联心包,已被染成了深色,C组和D组为37℃下1mmol/L和2mmol/L的谷胱甘肽,可以看到,其相比于未处理组颜色明显变浅,但是比S组颜色还是略深,说明4mmol/l的谷胱甘肽封闭醛基更为充分;A组为谷胱甘肽0℃处理的,效果显著差于B组室温(20℃)处理的,可以说明提高温度,有助于提升谷胱甘肽封闭醛基的效果.
S、C、D、N组对应同一温度37℃下,不同浓度谷胱甘肽处理,处理效果由好到坏依次为:4mmol/L>2mmol/L>1mmol/L>0mmol/L。
A、B、S组对应同一浓度4mmol/L谷胱甘肽,不同温度处理,处理效果由好到坏依次为:37℃>20℃>0℃。
以上结果可以看出,4mmol/L、37℃处理组S相比于其他组更具有优势,能更好的封闭醛基,解毒效果更优。
实施例2细胞毒性实验
实验方法:
1.在37℃、5%CO2下用培养基(DMEM+10%FBS)中培养人脐静脉内皮细胞EAHY926,用0.25%胰蛋白酶分离细胞,获得细胞悬浮液,调整细胞悬液浓度为2.5*108/L。各组心包片裁剪1*1cm大小,用γ射线辐射灭菌,再用50ml无菌PBS缓冲液冲洗去除残留乙醇。心包以37℃、培养基(DMEM+10%FBS)按标准细胞毒性试验ISO 1093-5进行浸泡48h;取三块96孔无菌培养板,每孔液体200ul(加入20ul细胞、100ul培养基(DMED+10%FBS)+100ul心包浸泡液),每组每个时间段设置3个副孔,并设置3个培养基对照孔,3个空白孔,在5%CO2,37℃中孵育,分别培养24小时、72h、120h三个时间段;
3.每孔加入20ulMTT溶液(5mg/ml,即0.5%MTT),继续孵育4h。
4.终止培养,小心吸去孔内培养液。
5.每孔加入100ul二甲基亚砜,置摇床上低速振荡15min,使结晶物充分溶解。同时设置调零孔(培养基、MTT、二甲基亚砜),对照孔(细胞、培养液、MTT、二甲基亚砜)以及甘氨酸处理组(戊二醛交联后4mmol/L甘氨酸37℃漂洗24h)、牛磺酸处理组(戊二醛交联后4mmol/L牛磺酸37℃漂洗24h)、PBS漂洗组(戊二醛交联后单纯PBS漂洗10天)。在酶联免疫检测仪OD570nm处测量各孔的吸光值。
结果见图2~3。
结果显示,本发明利用谷胱甘肽处理0.625%和2%的戊二醛交联后的心包,解毒效果都比较明显,接近新鲜组水平。且效果优于现有技术的甘氨酸处理组及牛磺酸处理组。
实施例3对交联组织力学性能和交联强度的测试实验
实验方法:
1、力学单轴拉伸试验
将各组材料裁剪成1cm*5cm长条状(n=20),应用电子拉力测验机(美国,Instron,电子万能材料试验机),测量并记录每个样品的厚度和拉伸长度。设定拉伸速率为50mm/min,得到每个样品的应力-应变曲线图,再计算出材料的弹性模量(MPa)、最大拉伸应力(MPa)、最大值载荷(N)、最大值载荷位移值(mm)、断裂载荷(N)、拉伸断裂应变(MPa)和断裂应变率(%)。
表1不同处理组处理后对戊二醛交联材料的力学性能的影响
2、热皱缩温度
将各组材料裁剪成1cm*5cm长条状(n=5),以蒸馏水为介质,从20℃开始加热,每分钟升高5℃,应用HG-1皮革收缩温度测试仪(四川成都大承兴数字系统公司)测定。
实验分组:
对照组:去细胞+0.625%戊二醛组处理心包
实验组:去细胞+0.625%戊二醛+4mmol/L谷胱甘肽组处理牛心包。
力学性能测试结果见图4~5,交联强度测试结果见表1。
表2不同处理组处理后对戊二醛交联材料的热皱缩温度的影响
| 组别 | 热皱缩温度(℃) |
| 对照组:去细胞+戊二醛组 | 85.67±2.39 |
| 实验组:去细胞+戊二醛+谷胱甘肽组 | 85.27±0.61 |
从力学和热皱缩结果可以看出,本发明利用谷胱甘肽处理戊二醛交联后的组织,对组织的力学性能和交联强度基本没有影响。
实施例4组织学染色实验
按照实施例1S组的处理方法处理牛心包(即实验组:去细胞+0.625%戊二醛+4mmol/L谷胱甘肽组处理牛心包),同时设置对照组:去细胞+0.625%戊二醛组处理心包,其他处理条件与S组相同,将处理后的牛心包进行电镜检测和组织化学染色。
去细胞方法具体为:
①0.1%新洁尔灭37℃处理30min,每10min搅拌一次;②0.25%Triton X-100在37℃,120rpm震荡漂洗48h,每12h换液一次;③3u/mlDNase-I/0.03mg/ml RNase-A37℃120rpm震荡漂洗24h,12h换液一次;④蒸馏水漂洗48h,每8h换液;⑤PBS漂洗24h,换液后保存;脱细胞后的心包置于4℃,含有1%青-链霉素的PBS中保存;
组织学染色方法:
1、HE染色:
脱蜡前,应将组织切片放置50-56℃恒温箱中烘烤30分钟。
1)组织切片置于松节油中浸泡10分钟*2次;
2)无水乙醇中浸泡5分钟;
3)95%乙醇中浸泡5分钟;
4)75%乙醇中浸泡5分钟;
5)蒸馏水洗5分钟*2次。
6)苏木精液染色5-15min;
7)流水稍洗去苏木精液1-3s
8)1%盐酸乙醇1-3s;
9)流水或温水冲洗20-30min;
10)蒸馏水过洗1-2s
11)0.5%伊红液染色1-3min;
12)蒸馏水稍洗1-2s;
13)95%乙醇3-5min;
14)无水乙醇5-10min;
15)中性树胶封固
结果:细胞浆(胞质、肌纤维、胶原纤维)红色,细胞核蓝紫色。
2、Masson染色:
1)各组样本常规脱水包埋,切取4~6μm薄石蜡切片。
2)切片脱蜡水化(参考HE染色)。
3)Weiger氏铁苏木素染5-10分钟。
4)流水稍洗。
5)1%盐酸酒精分化。
6)流水冲洗数分钟。
7)丽春红酸性品红液染5-10分钟。
8)蒸馏水稍冲洗。
9)1%磷钼酸水溶液处理约5分钟。
10)不用水洗,直接用苯胺蓝液或绿液复染5分钟。
11)1%冰醋酸处理1分钟。
12)95%酒精脱水多次。
13)无水酒精脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封固。
电镜结果如图6~7,组织化学染色结果见图8~9,图8为实验组处理牛心包的HE染色结果,图9为实验组处理牛心包的Masson染色结果。
结果显示,组织学染色结果分析,谷胱甘肽的加入对比组织结构致密程度和交联没有影响。
综上结果可知,本发明利用谷胱甘肽处理戊二醛交联组织的方法,对于戊二醛有良好的解毒效果,且不会影响戊二醛的交联强度,维持了戊二醛交联良好的力学性能和组织强度,效果明显优于对照组。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种交联生物组织的处理方法,其特征在于,将交联后的生物组织清洗后,加入谷胱甘肽溶液,20~37℃处理24h;
所述交联后的生物组织的制备方法包括:
1)将生物组织切成1cm×1cm大小,脱细胞后保存于1%青-链霉素的PBS缓冲液中;
2)取步骤1)保存的生物组织,加入0.625%~2%戊二醛溶液和pH7.4 PBS缓冲液,室温交联48h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述生物组织包括心包组织、血管组织或瓣膜组织。
3.根据权利要求2所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述心包组织为牛心包。
4.根据权利要求1所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述脱细胞包括以下步骤:
1)0.1%新洁尔灭20℃处理30min,每10min搅拌一次;
2)0.25%Triton X -100在37℃,120rpm震荡漂洗48h,每12h换液一次;
3)3u/mlDNase-I/0.03mg/ml RNase-A 37℃120rpm震荡漂洗24h,12h换液一次;
4)蒸馏水漂洗48h,每8h换液;
5)PBS漂洗24h,换液后保存。
5.根据权利要求1所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述清洗的次数为1~3次,每次清洗的时间为10min,清洗用的清洗液为PBS缓冲液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述谷胱甘肽溶液的浓度为2~4mmol/L。
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