CN113611436A - Function module for broad-spectrum protection of nuclear radiation - Google Patents
Function module for broad-spectrum protection of nuclear radiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113611436A CN113611436A CN202110843677.1A CN202110843677A CN113611436A CN 113611436 A CN113611436 A CN 113611436A CN 202110843677 A CN202110843677 A CN 202110843677A CN 113611436 A CN113611436 A CN 113611436A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种广谱防护核辐射的功能模块。主要是为解决现有防护核辐射的材料难以起到综合全面防护的效果，易产生二次辐射的问题而发明的。将聚酰胺切片与碳化硼‑10或氮化硼‑10的纳米颗粒，在螺杆挤压机内搅拌混合熔融，所得熔体经静电纺丝成超细纤维，再以超细纤维分别作为经线、纬线，织出高密纤维布。将聚合物切片与固体或粉体硼‑10酸或碳化硼‑10颗粒等和防老剂混合，在螺杆挤压机中搅拌、混合、熔融，混合熔体由计量泵送入模具之中，形成聚合块。将超细纤维布与防护中子辐射材料及聚合块一起整合在以铅—铁合金为内外层壳体的模块内。优点是辐射水平低于天然本底值，无二次辐射。
The invention relates to a functional module for broad-spectrum protection of nuclear radiation. It is mainly invented to solve the problem that the existing nuclear radiation protection materials are difficult to achieve comprehensive and comprehensive protection effects and are prone to secondary radiation. The polyamide chips and the nano-particles of boron carbide-10 or boron nitride-10 are stirred, mixed and melted in a screw extruder, and the obtained melt is electrospun into ultra-fine fibers, and the ultra-fine fibers are used as warp threads, Weft, weaving high-density fiber cloth. The polymer chips are mixed with solid or powder boron-10 acid or boron carbide-10 particles, etc. and an anti-aging agent, and are stirred, mixed and melted in a screw extruder, and the mixed melt is fed into the mold by a metering pump to form Aggregate blocks. The microfiber cloth is integrated with the protective neutron radiation material and the polymer block in the module with the lead-iron alloy as the inner and outer shells. The advantage is that the radiation level is lower than the natural background value, and there is no secondary radiation.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a functional module for protecting nuclear radiation in a broad spectrum manner.
Background art:
during the explosion of nuclear bombs (atomic bombs or hydrogen bombs) and the operation of nuclear reactors, strong neutron radiation, alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, chi rays and the like are generated, and serious damage is caused to human bodies and/or the environment.
In a closed space, particularly nuclear reactors in platforms such as nuclear submarines, nuclear aircraft carriers, nuclear airplanes and the like, radiation such as neutrons, alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, X rays and the like can be generated in the working process, and radioactive micro dust, namely nuclear dust, is generated. The diameter of the nuclear dust is 5-35 nanometers, and the nuclear dust is the same as that of nuclear radiation, so that the health of people is seriously damaged.
In the prior published documents, most of materials for protecting nuclear radiation have single structure and function, are difficult to achieve the effect of comprehensive and comprehensive protection, are easy to generate secondary radiation, and are difficult to treat wastes. Particularly, for strategic maneuvering platforms, such as nuclear submarines, nuclear aircraft carriers and nuclear dust generated during the operation of nuclear reactors in nuclear airplanes, an effective and practical solution is lacked.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a functional module for protecting nuclear radiation in a broad spectrum, which can effectively intercept and adsorb nuclear dust and can effectively resist high-intensity neutron radiation and damages of alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, X rays and the like to human bodies and the environment, and does not generate secondary radiation.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
1, mixing the polyamide chips with boron carbide-10: (10B4C) Or boron nitride-10: (10BN) nanoparticles (the abundance of boron-10 is more than or equal to 95 percent) and an anti-aging agent are stirred, mixed and melted in a screw extruder, the mixture stays for 20-30 minutes in the screw extruder, the obtained melt is subjected to electrostatic spinning to form superfine fibers with the diameter of 120-400 nanometers, and the superfine fibers are respectively used as warp and weft to be woven to manufacture high-density fiber cloth with the mesh number of 600-1000 meshes. The mesh number is that 600-1000 ultrafine fiber warp tows are arranged in the length of 25.4 mm weft. The high-density superfine fiber cloth (hereinafter referred to as superfine fiber cloth) can effectively intercept and adsorb nuclear dust, and the interception and adsorption rate is over 99.9 percent.
The above boron carbide-10 (10B4C) Or boron nitride-10: (10BN) nanoparticles account for 10-25 wt% of the mixture (polyamide chips + boron carbide or boron nitride nanoparticles + anti-aging agent). The addition amount of the anti-aging agent is 0.2-0.5% (wt), namely the anti-aging agent: mixture = 0.2-0.5: 100, and the anti-aging agent is a special polyaromatic grade 1010.
2, mixing one of polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyester and other polymer chips with solid or powder boron-10 acid (H)3 10BO3) Or boron carbide-10 (C)10B4C) Particles, or boron nitride-10: (10BN) particles, or elemental boron-10 (10B) One of the granules is mixed with the anti-aging agent, stirred, mixed and melted in a screw extruder, and the mixed melt is fed into a die by a metering pump to form polymerized blocks in various shapes.
The retention time of the mixture in the screw extruder is 45-60 minutes, and the addition proportion of the anti-aging agent is 0.5-1% (wt) of the total amount of the mixture.
The polymer slices of polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyester and the like are all common commercial products, and the solid or powder boron-10 acid (H) is3 10BO3) Purity of>99 percent, and the abundance of boron-10 is more than or equal to 95 percent; the adding proportion of the boron-10 acid is 15-35% (wt), namely boron-10 acid/(boron-10 acid + polymer slice + anti-aging agent) = 15-35% (wt).
Boron carbide-10 (10B4C) Particles, or boron nitride-10: (10BN) particles, or elemental boron-10 (10B) The addition ratio of the particles is equal to that of boron-10 acid (H)3 10BO3) The addition ratio of (A) is the same.
The neutron radiation protection material also comprises a neutron radiation protection material which is described in the patent document with the application number of 201910828134.5.
The superfine fiber cloth, neutron radiation protection materials and a polymerization block are integrated into a module with a lead-iron alloy as an inner shell and an outer shell. Namely, the polymerization block is placed in the module, the front side of the polymerization block faces to the radiation side, a plurality of layers of neutron radiation protection materials are arranged behind the polymerization block, and a plurality of layers of superfine fiber cloth are arranged behind the neutron radiation protection materials.
And covering a plurality of layers of superfine fiber cloth and neutron radiation protection materials on the outer layer of the module, and coating epoxy resin on each layer of cloth for adhesion and curing, thereby forming a complete functional module.
The use method of the product comprises the following steps: firstly, the radiation value outside the nuclear reactor is measured to be lower than the natural background value by hanging the nuclear reactor outside; and secondly, the radiation values of the field operation command vehicle and the operation naval vessel control room are measured to be lower than the natural background values.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention can effectively resist the damage of high-intensity neutron radiation and radiation such as alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, X rays and the like to human bodies and environment, after the invention is used, the radiation level is lower than the natural background value, and the interception and adsorption rate of nuclear powder dust can reach more than 99.9 percent. And no secondary radiation, and the waste is easy to treat.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention; in the figure, 1 is a lead-iron alloy shell, 2 is a polymer block, 3 is a neutron radiation protection material, and 4 is superfine fiber cloth.
FIG. 2 shows boron carbide-10 (B) in the present invention10B4C) A process flow diagram for the particles; in the figure, 7 is a plasma reactor, 5 is a plasma generator, 8 is a product tank, 6 is a plasma generation power source, 9 is an absorption tower, and 10 is a compressor.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described below in connection with fig. 1 and 2;
1, mixing the polyamide chips with boron carbide-10: (10B4C) Or boron nitride-10: (10BN) the nano particles and the anti-aging agent are stirred, mixed and melted in a screw extruder, the retention time is 20-30 minutes, and the polyamide chips can be one of polyamide-6, polyamide-66, polyamide-11, polyamide-610 and polyamide-1010; boron carbide-10 (10B4C) Or boron nitride-10: (10BN) nanoparticles having a particle size of 20 to 70 nm, boron-10: (10B) The abundance is more than or equal to 95 percent.
The above boron carbide-10 (10B4C) Or boron nitride-10: (10BN) nanoparticles in a mixture of polyamide chips and boron carbide or boron nitride10-25% (wt) of nanoparticles and anti-aging agent). The addition amount of the anti-aging agent is 0.2-0.5% (wt), namely the anti-aging agent: mixture = 0.2-0.5: 100, and the anti-aging agent is a special polyaromatic grade 1010.
Preparing superfine fiber by adopting an electrostatic spinning method; 52000-60000V high-voltage static electricity is applied between the spinning nozzle and the collector. The polyamide chips and boron carbide-10: (10B4C) Or boron nitride-10: (10BN) nano particles and the anti-aging agent are fed to a spinning nozzle through a metering pump. And under the action of a high-voltage electric field, the mixed liquid drops form jet flow, and the jet flow is solidified to form strand silk which falls on a collecting device, so that the superfine fiber with the diameter of 120-400 nanometers is obtained. And weaving the superfine fibers respectively as warps and wefts to obtain the high-density superfine fiber cloth (hereinafter referred to as superfine fiber cloth) with the mesh number of 600-1000 meshes. 600-1000 ultrafine fiber warp tows are arranged in the length of 25.4 mm of weft. Strength of the superfine fiber>8.1 cN/dtex, initial modulus>217 cn/dtex. The superfine fiber cloth can effectively intercept and adsorb nuclear dust, and the interception and adsorption rate reaches more than 99.9%.
2, mixing one of polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyester and other polymer chips with solid or powder boron-10 acid (H)3 10BO3) Or boron carbide-10 (C)10B4C) Particles, or boron nitride-10: (10BN) particles, or elemental boron-10 (10B) Mixing one kind of the granules with the anti-aging agent, stirring, mixing and melting in a screw extruder, and feeding the mixed melt into a die by a metering pump to form polymerized blocks in various shapes. The retention time of the mixture in the screw extruder is 45-60 minutes, and the addition proportion of the anti-aging agent is 0.5-1% (wt) of the total amount of the mixture.
The polymer slices of polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyester and the like are all common commercial products, and the solid or powder boron-10 acid (H) is3 10BO3) Purity of>99 percent, and the abundance of boron-10 is more than or equal to 95 percent; the adding proportion of the boron-10 acid is 15-35% (wt), namelyBoron-10 acid/(boron-10 acid + polymer chip + anti-aging agent) = 15-35% (wt).
Boron carbide-10 (10B4C) Particles, or boron nitride-10: (10BN) particles, or elemental boron-10 (10B) The addition ratio of the particles is equal to that of the solid or powder boron-10 acid (H)3 10BO3) The addition ratio of (A) is the same.
The thickness of the polymerization block is controlled to be 5-100 mm through a mold, and the typical thickness is 20 mm.
The neutron radiation protection material also comprises a neutron radiation protection material which is described in the patent document with the application number of 201910828134.5.
The polymerization block, the superfine fiber cloth and the neutron radiation protection material are integrated in a module with a lead-iron alloy as an inner shell and an outer shell, namely the polymerization block is placed in the module, the front side of the polymerization block faces the radiation side, a plurality of layers of neutron radiation protection materials are arranged behind the polymerization block, and a plurality of layers of superfine fiber cloth are arranged behind the neutron radiation protection materials.
And the module is covered with 10-40 layers of superfine fiber cloth firstly, then covered with 10-30 layers of neutron radiation protection materials, and each layer of cloth is coated with epoxy resin for adhesion and solidification. The epoxy resin is a common commercial product, the overall thickness of the module is 8-120 mm, and the typical thickness of the module is 28 mm.
The lead-iron alloy has 10-20% (wt) of iron content, the thickness of the alloy is 1-3 mm, and the typical thickness is 2 mm. The typical number of layers of the superfine fiber cloth and the neutron radiation prevention material coated on the outer layer of the module is 30 layers and 20 layers. The number of the configured layers of the superfine fiber cloth and the neutron radiation prevention material in the module is the same as that of the arranged layers of the outer layer of the module, and each layer of cloth surface in the module is coated with epoxy resin for adhesion and curing.
Said boron carbide-10 (10B4C) The production method of the particles comprises the following steps:
preparing boron carbide-10 by continuous plasma CVD method10B4C) The particle comprises the following specific processes: using high-purity nitrogen to make the process systemThe system is replaced until the oxygen content is less than 1ppm, and then the system is replaced by Ar gas until the nitrogen content is less than 0.01 percent. The system is pressurized to 50Kpa (G) -100 Kpa (G) by Ar gas, and the system pressure is automatically adjusted by a pressure adjusting valve to be maintained. Auxiliary gases Ar and H2Introducing into a plasma generator, turning on a plasma generating power supply to form plasma jet, introducing into a plasma reactor together with boron trifluoride-10 and methane gas to form plasma-state boron-10-enriched boron carbide and gaseous Hydrogen Fluoride (HF), and plasma-state boron-10-enriched boron carbide (b: (b))10B4C) Condensed on the wall of the plasma reactor to produce boron-10 enriched boron carbide10B4C) Powder, scraping the boron-10-enriched boron carbide powder from the wall of the device by a scraper plate, conveying the boron-10-enriched boron carbide powder to a boron-10-enriched boron carbide storage tank by a screw conveyor, and continuously acting ultrasonic waves on the plasma reactor to play a role of oscillation. And the boron-10-enriched boron carbide product is extracted from a discharge pipeline at the bottom of the boron-10-enriched boron carbide storage tank. Mixed gas (Ar, HF, CH) after reaction4、H2) And the mixed gas is discharged from a mixed gas pipeline of the boron-10 boron carbide enriched storage tank and is pumped to an absorption tower by a compressor for absorption by water. Water insoluble Ar and H2And the gas comes out from the top of the absorption tower, is pressurized by a compressor and then returns to the plasma generator for recycling.
In the raw material mixed gas, the molar ratio of the raw material components is as follows:10BF3：CH4=3.5-4.5:1；Ar：（10BF3+CH4）=1-3:100；H2：CH41: 2-3; the frequency of the plasma generation power supply is 600 MHZ-1.45 GHZ. The induction coil is energized using a high frequency power supply.
The coolant in the cooling jacket of the plasma reactor can be cooling medium such as cooling brine, circulating water and the like. The temperature of the inner wall of the plasma reactor is not higher than 60 ℃. The ultrasonic power is 200-450 kw.
Preparation of Nano-enriched boron-10 boron carbide10B4C) The apparatus used for the particles comprises: the device comprises a plasma reactor, a plasma generator, a product storage tank, a plasma generation power supply, an absorption tower and a compressor; plasma processAn argon (Ar) feeding pipeline, a hydrogen feeding pipeline, a methane gas feeding pipeline and a boron trifluoride gas feeding pipeline are arranged on the daughter generator, an outlet of the plasma generator is connected with a feeding hole of the plasma reactor, the plasma generator is connected with a plasma generation power supply through a lead, and an induction coil is wound outside the outer wall of the plasma reactor; the plasma reactor is a reactor made of 316L alloy steel with a sintered zirconium boride lining, and comprises an inner wall and an outer wall, a jacket is arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall, the inner surface of the inner wall is plated with a gold or silver coating, and the outer wall is provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet which are communicated with the jacket; plasma reactor internally mounted has screw conveyer, be fixed with the scraper blade on screw conveyer's the screw rod, screw conveyer work drives the scraper blade through the screw rod and rotates, scraper blade outward flange and inner wall internal surface contact, the material of scraper blade and screw conveyer all is carbon-fibre composite, and gold or silver coating have been plated on the surface, plasma reactor's discharge gate links to each other with product storage tank feed inlet, the product storage tank has the pipeline to link to each other with the absorption tower bottom, there is the inlet line on absorption tower upper portion, the absorption tower top passes through the pipe connection with the compressor, compressor outlet pipeline is linked together with argon gas (Ar) feed line.
The enriched boron-10 boron carbide prepared by the method is continuously produced (10B4C) The particle size is 20-70 nm, the product purity is above 99.9%, and the yield is more than 99%.
Claims (2)
1. A broad spectrum protects functional module of nuclear radiation, characterized by: mixing polyamide chips with boron carbide-10: (10B4C) Or boron nitride-10: (10BN) nano particles and an anti-aging agent are stirred, mixed and melted in a screw extruder, the mixture stays in the screw extruder for 20-30 minutes, the obtained melt is subjected to electrostatic spinning to form superfine fibers with the diameter of 120-400 nanometers, and the superfine fibers are respectively used as warps and wefts to manufacture high-density fiber cloth with the mesh number of 600-1000 meshes through weaving;
the above boron carbide-10 (10B4C) Or boron nitride-10: (10BN) sodium saltThe adding amount of the rice particles accounts for 10-25% (wt) of the mixture (polyamide chips, boron carbide or boron nitride nanoparticles and anti-aging agent); the addition amount of the anti-aging agent is 0.2-0.5% (wt), namely the anti-aging agent: mixture = 0.2-0.5: 100, respectively;
mixing one of polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, or polyester with solid or powder boron-10 acid (H)3 10BO3) Or boron carbide-10 (C)10B4C) Particles, or boron nitride-10: (10BN) particles, or elemental boron-10 (10B) Mixing one of the particles with an anti-aging agent, stirring, mixing and melting in a screw extruder, and feeding the mixed melt into a die by a metering pump to form polymerized blocks in various shapes; the addition proportion of the anti-aging agent is 0.5-1% (wt) of the total amount of the mixture;
the adding proportion of the boron-10 acid is 15-35% (wt) of the total amount of the mixture, namely boron-10 acid/(boron-10 acid + polymer slices + anti-aging agent) = 15-35% (wt);
boron carbide-10 (10B4C) Particles, or boron nitride-10: (10BN) particles, or elemental boron-10 (10B) The addition ratio of the particles is equal to that of the solid or powder boron-10 acid (H)3 10BO3) The addition proportion of (A) is the same;
integrating a polymerization block, superfine fiber cloth and a neutron radiation protection material into a module taking lead-iron alloy as an inner shell and an outer shell, namely placing the polymerization block into the module, wherein the front side of the polymerization block faces to the radiation side, a plurality of layers of neutron radiation protection materials are arranged behind the polymerization block, and a plurality of layers of superfine fiber cloth are arranged behind the neutron radiation protection materials;
and coating a plurality of layers of superfine fiber cloth outside the module, then coating a plurality of layers of neutron radiation protection materials, and coating epoxy resin on each layer of cloth for adhesion and curing.
2. The functional module for broad-spectrum protection of nuclear radiation according to claim 1, wherein: said boron carbide-10 (10B4C) The production method of the particles comprises the following steps: auxiliary gases Ar and H2Sequential guideEntering a plasma generator, starting a plasma generating power supply to form plasma jet, then entering a plasma reactor together with boron trifluoride-10 and methane gas to form plasma state enriched boron-10 boron carbide and gaseous Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) in the plasma reactor, and plasma state enriched boron-10 boron carbide ((HF))10B4C) Condensed on the wall of the plasma reactor to produce boron-10 enriched boron carbide10B4C) Powder, scraping the boron-10-enriched boron carbide powder from the wall of the container by a scraper plate, conveying the powder to a boron-10-enriched boron carbide storage tank by a screw conveyor, and extracting a boron-10-enriched boron carbide product from a discharge pipeline at the bottom of the boron-10-enriched boron carbide storage tank; mixed gas (Ar, HF, CH) after reaction4、H2) The mixed gas is discharged from a mixed gas pipeline of the boron-10-enriched boron carbide storage tank and is pumped to an absorption tower by a compressor for absorption by water; water insoluble Ar and H2The gas comes out from the top of the absorption tower, is pressurized by a compressor and then returns to the plasma generator for recycling;
in the raw material mixed gas, the molar ratio of the raw material components is as follows:10BF3：CH4=3.5-4.5:1；Ar：（10BF3+CH4）=1-3:100；H2：CH4=2-3:1。
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