Clamp plate extrusion type peanut sheller
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical design, and particularly relates to a clamping plate extrusion type peanut sheller.
Background
The peanut is also called peanut and dicotyledon, and the seed is coated with peanut peel. The peanuts are rich in fat and protein, are known as 'vegetable meat' by people, have the oil content of up to 50 percent, and have rich nutrition, economic value and medicinal value. With the increasing demand of peanuts, the peanut planting becomes a wider industry, the shells of the peanuts need to be peeled before the peanut planting, and meanwhile, the peanuts need to be peeled when being processed or used as export commodities. In addition, in order to meet the requirements of export and seed production, the damage rate of the peanuts in the husking process needs to be reduced as much as possible without damaging the peanuts in the husking process.
The existing hand-operated husking machine crushes peanut shells by extruding and rubbing an extruding block and a bottom screen mesh, so that the breakage rate of peanut kernels is high, the requirement of export cannot be met, and the peanut shells cannot be used as seeds; meanwhile, broken peanut shells and peeled peanut kernels are discharged from gaps of the screen, and screening holes in the vibrating screen plate are easily blocked after the peanut shells and the peeled peanut kernels are used for a long time, so that the peanut shells and the peanut kernels cannot be effectively separated. The traditional horizontal type roller peanut shelling and separating device is easy to cause high breakage rate of peanut kernels in shelling and reduce the availability rate of the peanut kernels. The kneading type peanut husking machine is not easy to perform the zonal husking of the size of the peanuts and has low husking rate; meanwhile, separation work of shells and kernels is not easy to carry out, the device is easy to block, and the labor cost of subsequent sorting is increased.
Therefore, the skilled person is working on developing a clamp plate extrusion type peanut sheller.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses a clamping plate extrusion type peanut sheller, which aims to solve the technical problem that the existing peanut sheller is high in breakage rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a clamping plate extrusion type peanut sheller which comprises a shell and a first shelling device arranged in the shell; the first husking device comprises a quadrilateral linkage mechanism hinged with the shell, a first motor fixedly connected with the shell is arranged at the input end of the quadrilateral linkage mechanism, and an upper clamping plate connected with the quadrilateral linkage mechanism in a sliding manner is arranged at the lower side of the quadrilateral linkage mechanism; a first lower clamping plate is fixedly and obliquely arranged in the shell, and a gap is reserved between the lower end of the first lower clamping plate and the shell; the first husking device is positioned above the lower end of the first lower clamping plate, the upper clamping plate and the first lower clamping plate are parallel to each other, and a gap exists between the upper clamping plate and the first lower clamping plate.
Preferably, the rubber sleeve is arranged on the side, close to the first lower clamping plate, of the upper clamping plate, and plays a role in buffering acting force between the upper clamping plate and the first lower clamping plate.
Preferably, the quadrilateral linkage mechanism is provided with a first positioning rod and a second positioning rod which are hinged with the shell, and a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod and a fourth connecting rod which are sequentially hinged end to end; a branch section is fixedly arranged at one end, close to the first connecting rod, of the fourth connecting rod, an included angle is formed between the branch section and the fourth connecting rod, a rotating rod is hinged to the free end of the branch section, and the other end of the rotating rod is connected with a rotating shaft of the first motor; the first positioning rod and the second positioning rod are hinged to two ends of the first connecting rod respectively, and the third connecting rod is connected with the upper clamping plate in a sliding mode.
Preferably, a double-sided sliding groove is formed in the third connecting rod, a connecting slide block is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the upper clamping plate, and a first clamping groove in sliding fit with the double-sided sliding groove is formed in the connecting slide block.
The invention provides a clamping plate extrusion type peanut sheller, which also comprises a second shelling device positioned on the lower side of the first shelling device, wherein the second shelling device has the same structure as the first shelling device; the second husking device is provided with a second lower clamping plate, the inclination direction of the second lower clamping plate is opposite to that of the first lower clamping plate, and the second husking device is positioned at the lower end of the second lower clamping plate; the top of the shell is provided with a feed hopper, a second motor and an adjusting rod, the first lower clamping plate comprises a first pore plate and a second pore plate which are staggered and stacked up and down, the bottom of the first pore plate is symmetrically provided with second clamping grooves, and the second pore plate is provided with convex edges which are in sliding fit with the second clamping grooves; the second pore plate is fixedly connected with one end of the adjusting rod, and the other end of the adjusting rod is connected with a rotating shaft of the second motor; the upper end opening of the first pore plate corresponds to the second lower clamping plate.
Preferably, the adjusting rod comprises a movable rod and a fixed rod which are hinged to each other, the movable rod is connected with a rotating shaft of the second motor, and the fixed rod is fixedly connected with the second pore plate.
Preferably, the edge of the first pore plate is provided with a flange, the first pore plate is provided with a plurality of rows of large pores and small pores which are alternately arranged, and the second pore plate is provided with a plurality of square pores corresponding to the large pores or the small pores.
Preferably, an adjusting button electrically connected with the second motor is arranged outside the casing.
Preferably, a collecting hopper is arranged at the lower side of the second husking device, and a shell separating device which is rotatably connected with the collecting hopper is arranged at the lower side of the collecting hopper; the shell separating device comprises a third motor fixed on the lower side of the second lower clamping plate, a central deslagging pipe is fixedly mounted on a rotating shaft of the third motor along the axial center line, the central deslagging pipe is communicated with the collecting hopper, a helical blade is fixedly mounted outside the central deslagging pipe along the axial center line, and a rotary drum is arranged on the periphery of the helical blade; the length of the central slag discharge pipe is the same as that of the rotary drum, a first outlet is arranged at the lower side of the central slag discharge pipe, and a second outlet is arranged at the upper side of the rotary drum; and a discharging slideway is obliquely arranged at the lower side of the second outlet and is rotationally connected with the rotary drum.
Preferably, a discharge port corresponding to the lower end of the discharge slideway is arranged on the machine shell.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the first motor drives the quadrilateral connecting rod mechanism to reciprocate, the quadrilateral connecting rod mechanism drives the upper clamping plate to approach to and leave from the first lower clamping plate, and the peanut shelling device can repeatedly shell peanuts between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate. The mode of adopting the upper plate extrusion to peel off can cushion the effort, reduces the breakage rate. In addition, the force transmission action of each connecting rod in the quadrilateral linkage mechanism reduces the pressure directly acting on the peanuts, and reduces the breakage rate of the peanuts during husking. Secondly, the upper plate is connected with the quadrilateral linkage in a sliding mode, so that hard extrusion between the upper plate and the first lower plate is reduced, the upper plate has a moving space when resistance is large, and peanuts are prevented from being directly crushed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the quadrilateral linkage of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
figure 4 is an exploded view of the adjustable screen deck of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at B;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the husk separating device of the present invention.
In the above drawings: 1. a housing; 2. a first husking device; 21. a first lower splint; 211. a first orifice plate; 2111. a second card slot; 2112. blocking edges; 212. a second orifice plate; 2121. a convex edge; 22. a quadrilateral linkage mechanism; 221. a first positioning rod; 222. a second positioning rod; 223. a first link; 224. a second link; 225. a third link; 226. a fourth link; 227. a branching section; 228. a rotating rod; 23. a first motor; 24. an upper splint; 241. connecting the sliding block; 25. a feed hopper; 26. a second motor; 27. adjusting a rod; 271. a movable rod; 272. fixing the rod; 3. a second husking device; 31. a second lower splint; 4. a collecting hopper; 5. a shell separating device; 51. a third motor; 52. a central slag discharge pipe; 521. a first outlet; 53. a helical blade; 54. a drum; 541. a second outlet; 55. a discharge chute; 56. and (4) a discharge port.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, wherein the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings, which is for convenience and simplicity of description, and does not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or components must be in a particular orientation, constructed and operated in a particular manner, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a clamping plate extrusion type peanut sheller which comprises a machine shell 1 and a first shelling device 2 arranged inside the machine shell 1; the first husking device 2 comprises a quadrilateral linkage 22 hinged with the machine shell 1, a first motor 23 fixedly connected with the machine shell 1 is arranged at the input end of the quadrilateral linkage 22, and an upper clamping plate 24 connected with the quadrilateral linkage 22 in a sliding manner is arranged at the lower side of the quadrilateral linkage 22. A first lower clamping plate 21 is fixedly and obliquely arranged in the casing 1, and a gap is reserved between the lower end of the first lower clamping plate 21 and the casing 1; the first peeling means 2 is located on the upper side of the lower end of the first lower clamping plate 21, and the upper clamping plate 24 and the first lower clamping plate 21 are parallel to each other with a gap therebetween.
In this embodiment, the first motor 23 drives the quadrilateral linkage 22 to reciprocate, and the quadrilateral linkage 22 drives the upper clamping plate 24 to approach or leave the first lower clamping plate 21, and so on, thereby realizing the function of peeling the peanuts between the upper clamping plate 24 and the lower clamping plate. The mode of adopting upper clamping plate 24 to extrude the husking can cushion the acting force, reduces the breakage rate. In addition, the force transmission action of each connecting rod in the quadrilateral linkage 22 reduces the pressure directly acting on the peanuts, and reduces the breakage rate of the peanuts during husking. Secondly, the upper clamping plate 24 is connected with the quadrilateral linkage 22 in a sliding mode, so that hard extrusion between the upper clamping plate 24 and the first lower clamping plate 21 is reduced, the upper clamping plate 24 has a movable space when resistance is large, and peanuts are prevented from being directly crushed.
As shown in fig. 2, the quadrilateral linkage 22 is provided with a first positioning rod 221 and a second positioning rod 222 hinged with the casing 1, and a first connecting rod 223, a second connecting rod 224, a third connecting rod 225 and a fourth connecting rod 226 sequentially hinged end to end; a branch section 227 is fixedly arranged at one end of the fourth connecting rod 226 close to the first connecting rod 223, an included angle is formed between the branch section 227 and the fourth connecting rod 226, a rotating rod 228 is hinged to the free end of the branch section 227, and the other end of the rotating rod 228 is connected with a rotating shaft of the first motor 23; the first positioning rod 221 and the second positioning rod 222 are respectively hinged to both ends of the first link 223, and the third link 225 is slidably connected to the upper plate 24. A double-sided sliding groove is formed in the third connecting rod 225, a connecting slide block 241 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the upper clamping plate 24, and a first clamping groove in sliding fit with the double-sided sliding groove is formed in the connecting slide block 241. The quadrilateral linkage 22 drives the upper clamping plate 24 to do parallelogram motion, so that the upper clamping plate 24 and the lower clamping plate are extruded to finish the shelling work.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a splint-squeezing type peanut sheller, which further comprises a second sheller 3 positioned at the lower side of the first sheller 2, wherein the second sheller 3 has the same structure as the first sheller 2; the second peeling means 3 is provided with a second lower clamping plate 31, the second lower clamping plate 31 is opposite to the inclination direction of the first lower clamping plate 21, and the second peeling means 3 is positioned at the lower end of the second lower clamping plate 31. The top of the housing 1 is provided with a feeding hopper 25, a second motor 26 and an adjusting lever 27, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the first lower clamping plate 21 includes a first hole plate 211 and a second hole plate 212 which are stacked up and down in a staggered manner, the bottom of the first hole plate 211 is symmetrically provided with second clamping grooves 2111, and the second hole plate 212 is provided with a convex edge 2121 which is in sliding fit with the second clamping grooves 2111; the second orifice plate 212 is fixedly connected with one end of the adjusting rod 27, and the other end of the adjusting rod 27 is connected with a rotating shaft of the second motor 26; the upper opening of the first hole plate 211 corresponds to the second lower clamping plate 31. In addition, the adjustment lever 27 includes a movable lever 271 and a fixed lever 272 hinged to each other, the movable lever 271 is connected to a rotation shaft of the second motor 26, and the fixed lever 272 is fixedly connected to the second orifice plate 212. The edge of the first hole plate 211 is provided with a rib 2112 for preventing the peanuts from falling. The first pore plate 211 is provided with a plurality of rows of large pores and small pores which are alternately arranged, and the second pore plate 212 is provided with a plurality of square pores corresponding to the large pores or the small pores. An adjusting button electrically connected with the second motor 26 is arranged outside the casing 1. By pressing the adjustment button, the rotation of the second motor 26 can be controlled to select the sieve plate with the required aperture. The specific control process is that under the control of the second motor 26, the movable rod 271 is driven to rotate, the movable rod 271 drives the fixed rod 272 to rotate, and the fixed rod 272 drives the second orifice plate 212 to slide in the second slot 2111, so that the second orifice plate 212 shields the large holes or the small holes, and the purpose of selecting the aperture is achieved, and the size of the peanuts is adapted.
As shown in fig. 1, a collecting hopper 4 is provided at the lower side of the second husking device 3, and a husk separating device 5 rotatably connected to the collecting hopper 4 is provided at the lower side of the collecting hopper 4. As shown in fig. 6, the shell separating device 5 includes a third motor 51 fixed on the lower side of the second lower clamping plate 31, a central slag discharge pipe 52 is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft of the third motor 51 along the axial center line, the central slag discharge pipe 52 is communicated with the collecting hopper 4, a helical blade 53 is fixedly mounted on the central slag discharge pipe 52 along the axial center line, a rotating drum 54 is arranged on the periphery of the helical blade 53, and gaps are left between the upper ends of the central slag discharge pipe 52 and the rotating drum 54 and the collecting hopper 4, so as to realize the rotational connection. The length of the central slag discharge pipe 52 is the same as that of the rotary drum 54, a first outlet 521 is arranged on the lower side of the central slag discharge pipe 52, and a second outlet 541 is arranged on the upper side of the rotary drum 54; a discharging slideway 55 is obliquely arranged at the lower side of the second outlet 541, and the discharging slideway 55 is rotatably connected with the rotary drum 54. Meanwhile, a discharge port 56 corresponding to the lower end of the discharge chute 55 is provided on the housing case 1.
In this embodiment, the peanut sheller is started, the aperture size of the first lower clamping plate 21 is selected according to the size of the peanuts each time, the peanuts are put into the machine from the feed hopper 25, the small-sized peanuts fall onto the second lower clamping plate 31 of the second sheller 3 through the first lower clamping plate 21, the large-sized peanuts slide along the first lower clamping plate 21 at the upper clamping plate 24 on the lower side, and the shelling work is carried out at the upper clamping plate 24. The peanut shells and the peanut kernels fall into the rotary drum 54 along the collection slide way, and are driven by the third motor 51 to rotate along with the central deslagging pipe 52 and the rotary drum 54 to do centrifugal motion. Due to the difference of physical characteristics, the peanut shells vertically fall in the central slag discharge pipe 52 and are discharged from a slag discharge port at the bottom, the peanut kernels are discharged from a first outlet 521 on the side wall of the central slag discharge pipe 52 onto the spiral blade 53, move upwards along with the rotating spiral blade 53, are discharged from an outer second outlet 541 on the side wall of the rotary drum 54 at a proper position, and finally slide to the discharge port 56 along the collection slide way for collection, so that the separation work of the peanut shells and the peanut kernels is completed. The shell separating device 5 greatly improves the separating efficiency of peanut shells and peanut kernels and the shelling efficiency of peanuts.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.