CN113136387B - 早发冠心病相关基因及其检测试剂与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种早发冠心病相关基因及其检测试剂与应用,体外检测待测样品中是否存在冠心病相关基因的方法,1)提取待测样品的DNA,针对所述LDLR基因的c.834delG位点进行PCR扩增;2)对所述PCR扩增产物进行分析;3)鉴定所述LDLR基因的c.834delG位点是否缺失。本发明提供的通过检测LDLR基因c.834delG是否杂合缺失突变,可以将早发冠心病患者和正常人群区分开,因此,该变异可以作为临床辅助诊断早发冠心病的生物标志物;通过检测受试者是否携带上述变异,可以检测该变异的携带者,为受试者提供优生优育指导和遗传咨询,减少患儿出生;为人类攻克早发冠心病提供可能的药物治疗靶点,促进创新药物研发。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物工程技术领域,具体涉及一种早发冠心病相关基因及其检测试剂与应用。
背景技术
早发冠心病(Premature coronary artery disease,PCAD)是冠心病的特殊形式,根据美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第3次会议报告(NECP-ATPⅢ)规定:早发冠心病是指冠心病的发病年龄男性<55岁,女性<65岁。国内外研究表明,PCAD正以不低的比率在年轻人群中发病。PCAD发病前多无征兆、发病急、多表现为急性冠脉综合征,死亡率高;因其特殊的年龄段,会给社会及家庭带来沉重的经济负担。对于PCAD的传统鉴别和诊断方法主要依靠生化检查和影像学检查,如B超检查、冠状动脉造影和心电图检查等。这些手段存在多种缺点,如检查种类多、灵敏度和特异度低、易受药物和精神状况等因素的影响;检测时间要求苛刻等。
55岁以前发生的PCAD,约5%~10%是由家族性高胆固醇血症(familialhypercholesterolemia,FH)引起的,FH是PCAD常见的遗传易感因素。FH又称家族性高β脂蛋白血症,其临床特点是高胆固醇血症、特征性黄色瘤、早发心血管疾病家族史。FH是儿童期最常见的遗传性高脂血症,也是脂质代谢疾病中最严重的一种,可导致各种危及生命的心血管疾病并发症出现,是冠状动脉疾病的一种重要危险因素。本病最特征的临床表现为血LDL-C水平增高、黄色瘤、角膜弓和早发性冠心病。纯合子的临床表现比杂合子严重得多。FH患者的临床表现取决于其基因型,非遗传因素也对其有影响。FH基因型与表现型的关系比较复杂,即使带有相同突变,甚至属于同一家族的个体其临床表现差异也较大。另外,非遗传因素如高龄、男性、吸烟、饮食等也可显著影响LDL水平,增加CAD的发生。
对FH患者的B型超声检查常可发现主动脉根部硬化,主动脉根部硬化逐渐加重,同时可出现主动脉瓣钙化和(或)左冠状动脉主干狭窄。15%患者有冠状动脉瘤样扩张(指冠状动脉的局限或弥漫性扩张,其直径超过了相邻正常冠脉的1.5~2倍),而年龄、性别配对的对照组(非FH冠心病患者)中仅2.5%有冠状动脉瘤样扩张。并同时发现冠状动脉瘤样扩张与血浆HDL-C水平呈负相关,因而认为FH者易发生冠状动脉瘤样性疾病。
目前,基因检测是确诊FH的一种新型手段,FH最常见的三种致病基因:LDLR、ApoB、PCSK9,也是PCAD的易感基因。由于基因检测用于PCAD的情况较为少见,因此,任何一个或一组PCAD的相关基因的发现与提出都将是对本领域的重要技术贡献。
发明内容
为此,本发明提供早发冠心病相关基因及其检测试剂与应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明实施例提供LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQID NO:1所示。
上述所述的基因为早发冠心病相关基因。
本发明还提供检测上述所述的基因的试剂。
优选地,所述试剂包括以下引物对:
正向引物如SEQ ID NO:2所示,反向引物如SEQ ID NO:3所示。
本发明实施例还提供一种体外检测LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括:
1)扩增LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因的引物;
2)PCR扩增酶;
3)PCR缓冲液、二价阳离子或一价阳离子、杂交溶液。
优选地,1)提取待测样品的DNA,针对所述LDLR基因的c.834delG位点进行PCR扩增;
2)对所述PCR扩增产物进行分析;
3)鉴定所述LDLR基因的c.834delG位点是否缺失。
优选地,所述待测样品为待测个体的血液、头发、唾液、胃液、头发或活组织。
优选地,若检测到所述LDLR基因的c.834delG位点是否缺失,可判断受检者为早发冠心病患者。
本发明具有如下优点:
本发明提供的通过检测LDLR基因c.834delG是否杂合缺失突变,可以将早发冠心病患者和正常人群区分开,因此,该变异可以作为临床辅助诊断早发冠心病的生物标志物;
通过检测受试者是否携带上述变异,可以检测该变异的携带者,为受试者提供优生优育指导和遗传咨询,减少患儿出生;为人类攻克早发冠心病提供可能的药物治疗靶点,促进创新药物研发。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是示例性的,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图引伸获得其它的实施附图。
本说明书所绘示的结构、比例、大小等,均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容,以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读,并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件,故不具技术上的实质意义,任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整,在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下,均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。
图1是本发明实施例家系中LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因携带者与早发冠心病相关关系图;
图2是本发明实施例中患者及家系中其他患病成员的Sanger测序图。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式,熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1、LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因,体外检测LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因的试剂盒
本实施例提供LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO:1所示。突变前基因序列为gaatctactg gtctgacct g tcccagagaa tgatctgcag。缺失突变后基因序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示:gaatctactg gtctgacct tcccagagaa tgatctgcag。本实施例还提供用于检测LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因的正向引物如SEQ ID NO:2所示,反向引物如SEQ ID NO:3所示。
SEQ ID NO:2:5'-AGGCACTCTTGGTTCCATCGAC-3';
SEQ ID NO:3:5'-AGTCCACAGCCAGCCCGTC-3'。
本发明实施例提供的一种体外检测LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因的试剂盒,该试剂盒包括:1)的扩增LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因的引物;2)PCR扩增酶;3)PCR缓冲液、二价阳离子或一价阳离子、杂交溶液。具体的,体外检测LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失突变基因的试剂盒的组分如表1所示:
表1
实施例2、体外检测待测样品中是否存在冠心病相关基因的方法
本发明实施例提供的一种体外检测待测样品中是否存在早发冠心病相关基因的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1、提取待测样品的DNA,针对所述LDLR基因的c.834delG位点进行PCR扩增;其中,所述待测样品为待测个体的血液、头发、唾液、头发或活组织。
其中,待测样品的DNA提取使用磁珠法全血基因组DNA提取试剂盒(百世诺)进行样本的DNA提取:向96深孔板第1、7列加入200μl样本(血清/全血)、10μl蛋白酶K,移液器吹打混匀,室温静止10~15min后加入150μl结合液。将96深孔板放入全自动核酸提取纯化仪ZK-01,开始DNA提取,程序设置为如表2所示:
表2
将96深孔板取出仪器,第6列、12列为提取完成的待测样本的DNA。
2、对所述PCR扩增产物进行分析,本步骤中,PCR扩增条件如表3所示
表3
取3μl PCR产物,使用1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物,选用1000bp Marker作参考。产物纯化后,进行Sanger测序,然后读取测序结果。
3、鉴定LDLR基因的c.834delG位点是否缺失
若待测定LDLR基因的c.834delG位点缺失,则认为该变异基因的携带者为家族性高胆固醇血症的高度可疑致病突变(B级)。因而,检测该LDLR基因的c.834delG位点缺失可用于临床诊断早发冠心病,为携带早发冠心病致病变异的家庭提供遗传阻断,提高优生优育质量。
试验例4、冠心病与LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失关联性研究
利用本发明实施例1的检测试剂盒及实施例2的试剂盒的检测方法对受检者的LDLR基因进行性检测。
1、受检者信息,如表4所示
表4
| 样本编码 | 性别 | 年龄 | 样本类型 | 临床诊断 | 送检单位 |
| N1900286 | 男 | 38岁 | EDTA抗凝血 | 心梗 | 常州市第一人民医院 |
检测结果:受检者携带了家族性高胆固醇血症的高度可疑致病突变LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失变异(LDLR:p.Leu278LeufsTer4 het),支持临床高脂血症的诊断。
受检者概况及家族史:主诉:发作性胸痛1天。(2019.6.28),简要病史:患者2019.6.27下午开车时,突发胸痛,位于心前区,伴左上肩放射痛,呈闷痛不适,可耐受,时有冷汗,偶有黑朦,无晕厥,胸痛持续数十小时不缓解,遂于常州市第一人民医院就诊。
诊断:冠心病,急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死,KillipI级。体征:血压:102/70mmHg,脉搏:75次/分,呼吸:12次/分。
物理检查和实验室检查,如表5所示。
表5
2、检测结果说明
用本发明实施例1的检测试剂和和实施例2的检测方法检测受检者携带LDLR变异基因,具体详见下表所示。受检者检测结果列表6所示。
表6
| 基因 | 基因组位置 | 转录本号 | 碱基改变 | 氨基酸改变 | 状态 | 遗传方式 | 致病性评级 |
| LDLR | chr19:11224105 | NM_001195800 | c.834delG | p.Leu278LeufsTer4 | 杂合 | AD | B级 |
注:AD为常染色体显性遗传,AR为常染色体隐性遗传,XLD为X染色体显性遗传,XLR为X染色体隐性遗传,-为OMIM数据库暂无遗传方式。A级:明确致病突变,家系连锁或功能证据支持与疾病明确相关。B级:高度可疑致病突变,人群数据及生物信息分析提示很可能与疾病相关。C1级;可疑致病变异,基因功能、人群数据及生物信息分析提示可能与疾病相关,但是缺乏证据支持。C2级:临床意义未明变异,根据现阶段对疾病和遗传信息的认知,无法判断与疾病关系。D级:可能良性变异,根据现阶段对疾病和遗传信息的认知,判断导致疾病的可能性低。
家系验证结果列表7所示。
表7
| 样本编码 | 与受检者关系 | LDLR:p.Leu278LeufsTer4 |
| N1900286-1 | 先证者父亲 | 无变异 |
| N1900286-2 | 先证者母亲 | 杂合变异 |
| N1900286-3 | 先证者儿子 | 杂合变异 |
如图1和图2所示,家系验证该变异遗传自受检者母亲(N1900286-2);受检者的儿子(N1900286-3)也携带了该变异。
1、LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失变异(LDLR:p.Leu278LeufsTer4het)LDLR基因编码低密度脂蛋白受体,低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)基因家族由参与受体介导的特定配体内吞的细胞表面蛋白组成。低密度脂蛋白(LDL)通常与细胞膜结合,进入细胞后进入溶酶体,在溶酶体中蛋白质被降解,胆固醇被用来抑制微粒体酶3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸辅酶A(HMGCoA)还原酶,这是胆固醇合成中的限速步骤。同时,胆固醇酯的合成也发生了相互的刺激,对于维持血浆脂蛋白代谢平衡起到十分重要的作用。LDLR基因突变与常染色体显性遗传的家族性高胆固醇血症和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高的发生有关。
家族性高胆固醇血症(AD)临床表现为血LDL-C水平增高、黄色瘤、角膜弓和早发性冠心病。临床表现取决于其基因型,非遗传因素也对其有影响,纯合子的临床表现比杂合子严重。杂合子血浆胆固醇浓度通常是正常人的2~3倍,介于350-550mg/L之间;纯合子则较正常人高6~8倍,介于650-1000mg/L之间。杂合子黄色瘤多在20岁后出现,纯合子4岁前出现。杂合子多在30岁后出现冠状动脉疾病,而纯合子多在儿童期就出现。发病率:杂合子1/500,纯合子1/10 0万。
受检者携带了LDLR c.834delG杂合缺失变异(LDLR:p.Leu278LeufsTer 4het),查询人群频率数据库发现该变异为罕见变异(千人基因组:无,ESP6500:无,ExAC:无)。查询百世诺本地中国人群数据库,高脂血症患者和对照人群均未携带该变异。该缺失变异使得第278位氨基酸其后蛋白移码表达,其后第4位氨基酸提前出现一终止密码子,可能会使蛋白截短表达。查询ClinVar、HGMD数据库未发现该变异,该变异附近错义突变位点c.831C>A(p.Asp277G lu)、c.826T>C(p.Ser276Pro)、c.825G>T(p.Trp275Cys)等及下游位点c.835T>C(p.Ser279Pro)、c.836C>G(p.Ser279Cys)、c.838C>A(p.Gln280Lys)等多次被报导为家族性高胆固醇血症的致病变异,文献检索未发现该变异与疾病相关的报导。
根据现有证据:该变异为罕见变异、本地数据库频率为0、该缺失变异可能会使蛋白截短表达、附近位点多次被报导为致病变异,但缺乏家系连锁及功能学证据支持,所以认为该变异为家族性高胆固醇血症的高度可疑致病突变。
本实施例的研究表明:受检者携带了家族性高胆固醇血症的高度可疑致病突变LDLR基因c.834delG杂合缺失变异(LDLR:p.Leu278LeufsTer4 het),支持临床高脂血症的诊断。家系验证该变异遗传自受检者母亲(N190028 6-2)。该突变致病性较为明确,以常染色体显性遗传的模式在家族内传递,遗传概率为50%。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
序列表
<110> 百世诺(北京)医疗科技有限公司
<120> 早发冠心病相关基因及其检测试剂与应用
<130> GG20826380A
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Claims (2)
1.一种辅助诊断早发冠心病的生物标志物,其特征在于,人类 LDLR 基因 c.834delG位点存在杂合缺失变异,所述生物标志物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1 所示;所述的基因为早发冠心病相关基因,该早发冠心病由家族性高胆固醇血症引起。
2.权利要求1所述的生物标志物在制备诊断早发冠心病的试剂中的应用。
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