CN113100471A - Cigar tobacco leaf air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator and using method thereof - Google Patents
Cigar tobacco leaf air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B1/00—Preparation of tobacco on the plantation
- A24B1/02—Arrangements in barns for preparatory treatment of the tobacco, e.g. with devices for drying
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a conditioning agent for improving quality and reducing harm of cigar tobacco leaf air-curing and a using method thereof, wherein the conditioning agent is aqueous solution, and solutes comprise L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan and have the concentrations of 0.1-5g/L, 1-30g/L and 1-20 g/L. The using method of the regulator is that the regulator is sprayed on the surfaces of the cigar leaves until the leaves are wet after 16 pm one day before the cigar leaves are harvested; or when the cigar leaves are picked, woven and aired, the tobacco leaf surface treatment agent is sprayed on the surfaces of the cigar leaves until the surfaces of the cigar leaves are wet; or when the cigar leaves are aired and enter a fermentation stage, the fertilizer is sprayed on the surfaces of the leaves until the leaves are wet; or diluting the solute concentration of the regulator by one time, and respectively spraying when the tobacco leaves are picked, woven and hung, aired and aired to enter a fermentation stage, wherein the dosage is 15-20L/mu. The invention creatively combines the L-cysteine, the tea polyphenol and the chitosan, can effectively reduce the TSNAs and the mildew generation of the cigar tobacco leaves in the airing and fermenting processes, and improves the smoking quality and the safety of the cigar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting production, and particularly relates to a conditioning agent for improving quality and reducing harm during the air-curing of cigar tobacco leaves.
Background
The cigar curing process is an important stage in the development of quality, most intuitively the change in colour from green to yellow and finally to brown. In the process of curing cigars, along with the increase of the starvation metabolism time of leaves, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD) and Catalase (CAT) are reduced, the function of a defense enzyme system is lost, the capacity of cells for removing active oxygen is reduced, so that a large amount of active oxygen in tobacco leaves is accumulated, a membrane system is damaged, various substances in the cells after cell membranes are broken are mixed with enzymes, oxygen and microorganisms, the interaction promotes the nitrate to be converted into nitrite, and the content of nitrosamine (TSNAs) in cured tobacco leaves is increased. TSNAs are a group of substances that have been identified as being involved in the development of tumors in the lung, mouth, esophagus, pancreas, liver, etc., and are almost absent in fresh tobacco, but detectable in cured tobacco leaves of cigars. Meanwhile, the curing period of the cigar tobacco leaves is as long as 40-50 days, and the tobacco leaves are easy to mildew and rot, thereby causing serious economic loss. At the present stage, the research on improving the quality of the tobacco leaves by utilizing chemical regulation and control in the airing period is less.
In the prior art, for example patent application CN107613762A discloses a method for reducing tobacco specific nitrosamines NNK in tobacco, however the method is to use genetic engineering techniques to introduce a heterologous nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a PON degrading enzyme into a tobacco plant, plant part and/or plant cell, thereby reducing the PON and/or NNK content in a transgenic tobacco plant and/or plant part. The method has the disadvantages of complex and complicated work in the early stage, high requirement on the professional level of technicians and high cost.
For another example, patent application CN110786542A discloses gradually drying harvested fresh tobacco leaves in an airing room, and inoculating with a bacterial liquid with an OD600 value of 1 prepared from at least one of 05-101, J45 and J54 for 2 times in the drying process; the cured tobacco leaves are fermented by adopting a centralized stack, and the cigar tobacco leaves with low TSNAs can be obtained by inoculating a bacterial solution with an OD600 value of 1, which is prepared by at least one of the bacterial strains 05-101, J45 and J54 for 2 times in the fermentation process, however, the method inhibits the generation of TSNAs by spraying the bacterial solution on the tobacco leaves, and the risk that the bacterial strains cannot be colonized or the microenvironment on the surfaces of the tobacco leaves is not suitable and loses efficacy exists. Another example is patent application CN111972698A, which discloses the use of melatonin in reducing the content of tobacco-specific nitrosamines during the fermentation of cigars, by spraying Na onto the tobacco leaves of cigars to be fermented2CO3-NaHCO3Adjusting the pH value by using a buffer solution; preparing spray liquid of melatonin with different concentrations; and uniformly spraying the melatonin spray liquid on the treated cigar tobacco leaves. Melatonin does not belong to food additives, is allowed to be used as a raw material of health food, and is limited to be used on tobacco leaves. These two methods are cumbersome to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a modifier for improving the quality and reducing the harm of cigar tobacco leaves in the air-curing process, the modifier can effectively reduce the content of nitrosamine in the air-curing and fermentation preparation processes of the tobaccos, the adopted raw materials are safe and reliable food additives, the action mechanism is completely different from that of the prior art, and the modifier is realized by the following technology.
An air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator for cigar tobacco leaves, which is an aqueous solution and contains L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan as solutes.
The applicant of the invention finds that the combination of L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan can effectively reduce the TSNAs generation of cigar tobacco leaves in the airing and fermenting processes, and improve the smoking quality and safety of cigar. The applicant analyzes that the L-cysteine can be used as effective exogenous treatment to be applied to the stress resistance of plants, and has good bacteriostatic and antioxidant properties; the chitosan can coordinate chemical components of the cigar and increase the content of aroma substances; the tea polyphenol is a natural active substance, has high antibacterial activity, and the regulator compound prepared by combining the substances has stronger antioxidant effect, greatly lightens the oxidative damage of cigar leaves in the airing and fermenting processes, inhibits the activity of microorganisms and prevents the mildew. At present, other prior art for reducing the TSNAs content of the tobacco leaves by adopting the method of the invention is not found.
Preferably, the solute of the regulator comprises 0.1-5g/L L-cysteine, 1-30g/L tea polyphenol and 1-20g/L chitosan according to mass concentration.
More preferably, the solute of the regulator comprises 0.5-3g/L L-cysteine, 5-20g/L tea polyphenol and 5-10g/L chitosan according to mass concentration.
Further preferably, the solute of the regulator comprises L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan in a weight ratio of 1:10-15: 5-10.
Still more preferably, the solute of the above regulator comprises 1.5g/L L-cysteine, 15g/L tea polyphenol and 7.5g/L chitosan by mass concentration.
The invention also provides a use method of the cigar airing quality-improving harm-reducing conditioning agent, which is used according to any one of the following methods:
spraying the regulator on the surface of the cigar leaves until the leaves are wet after 16 pm the day before the cigar leaves are harvested, and then carrying out conventional air-curing;
when the cigar leaves are picked, woven and hung for air-curing, the regulator is sprayed on the surfaces of the cigar leaves until the leaves are wet, and then the cigar leaves are normally air-cured;
and when the cigar leaves are aired and enter a fermentation stage, spraying the regulator on the surfaces of the cigar leaves until the leaves are wet.
In the using method of the regulator, the leaf harvesting day before, leaf airing and leaf fermentation are 3 necessary links for cigar tobacco production and preparation, and the regulator is sprayed on the leaves in any 1 link of the 3 links, so that the effect of reducing the TSNAs content in the tobacco leaves can be realized.
As another using method of the regulator, the solute concentration of the regulator can be diluted by one time, and the diluted regulator can be respectively sprayed when the tobacco leaves are collected, hung and aired and the cigar leaves are aired to enter the fermentation stage.
More preferably, in the two using methods, the dosage of the regulator sprayed is 15-20L/mu. When the second method is adopted, the diluted regulator is used in the same amount in the 2 links of collecting and weaving tobacco, suspending and airing the tobacco leaves and entering the fermentation stage after the airing is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention creatively combines the L-cysteine, the tea polyphenol and the chitosan, can effectively reduce the generation of TSNAs in the processes of airing and fermenting the cigar tobacco leaves, and improves the smoking quality and the safety of the cigar. Meanwhile, mildew is inhibited, and economic loss of tobacco leaves caused by mildew is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the present invention for applying conditioning agents to harvested cigar leaves prior to curing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention of applying conditioning agents to cigar leaves at the end of the curing process into the fermentation stage;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention spraying regulator on cigar leaves in the evening before harvest:
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The regulator solutions prepared in the following examples and comparative examples were prepared by dissolving L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan in water, if not specifically described.
Example 1
The concentration of L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan in the cigar tobacco leaf air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator solution provided by the embodiment is respectively 1.5g/L, 15g/L and 7.5 g/L.
Example 2
The concentration of L-cysteine, the concentration of tea polyphenol and the concentration of chitosan in the cigar tobacco leaf air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator solution provided by the embodiment are respectively 5g/L, 1g/L and 20 g/L.
Example 3
The concentration of L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan in the cigar tobacco leaf air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator solution provided by the embodiment is respectively regulated to be 0.1g/L, 30g/L and 1 g/L.
Example 4
The concentration of L-cysteine, the concentration of tea polyphenol and the concentration of chitosan in the cigar tobacco leaf air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator solution provided by the embodiment are respectively 3g/L, 5g/L and 10 g/L.
Example 5
The concentration of L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan in the cigar tobacco leaf air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator solution provided by the embodiment is respectively regulated to be 0.5g/L, 20g/L and 5 g/L.
Example 6
The concentration of L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan in the cigar tobacco leaf air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator solution provided by the embodiment is respectively 2.5g/L, 25g/L and 25 g/L.
Example 7
The concentration of L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan in the cigar tobacco leaf air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator solution provided by the embodiment is respectively 2.5g/L, 37.5g/L and 12.5 g/L.
Comparative example 1
The cigar tobacco leaf airing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator provided by the comparative example does not contain L-cysteine, namely only contains tea polyphenol and chitosan, and the concentrations of the tea polyphenol and the chitosan are 15g/L and 7.5g/L respectively.
Comparative example 2
The cigar tobacco leaf airing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator provided by the comparative example only contains cysteine, the concentration of the cysteine is 2.5g/L, and the regulator does not contain tea polyphenol, chitosan or other components.
Application example 1: evaluating the appearance quality of the cigar tobacco leaves, testing chemical components, evaluating the sensory evaluation quality and comparing the TSNAs content of the baked tobacco leaves
1. Cigar tobacco leaf finished product preparation
Aiming at the regulators prepared in the above examples and comparative examples, the regulators of two varieties of the Chuxue No. 2 and the Chuxue No. 14 in different preparation link stages are sprayed, and finally the regulators are put into the same airing room for airing and prepared by adopting the same subsequent methods such as fermentation and the like. The amount of cigar tobacco used in each group is 60, and the spraying amount is 20L/mu.
(1) Selecting a field with normal growth of Chuxue No. 2 cigar tobacco leaves in a certain producing area in Hubei, collecting and weaving the tobacco leaves, hanging the tobacco leaves in an airing room for airing, respectively spraying the conditioning agents prepared in the examples 1-7 and the comparative examples 1-2 by using a sprayer, finishing spraying after the leaf surfaces are completely wet, and airing according to a conventional method;
(2) selecting a field block with normal growth of the Chuxue No. 2 and Chuxue No. 14 cigar leaves in a certain production area of Hubei province, respectively spraying the conditioning agents prepared in the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 in the evening before the cigar leaves of the two varieties are harvested, finishing spraying after the leaf surfaces are completely moistened, chopping the whole plant, hanging the chopped plant in the same airing room and airing the plant;
(3) selecting the cigar cores of Chuxue No. 2 and Chuxue No. 14 aired in the same airing room, spraying the conditioning agents prepared in the example 1 and the comparative example 1 respectively for dampening when the leaf airing of the cigar cores of the two varieties is finished and the cigar cores enter a fermentation stage, and finishing spraying after the surfaces of the leaves are completely wet.
(4) A blank control was set for the above-mentioned cigar leaves of groups (1) to (3), i.e., the conditioning agent was replaced with an equal amount of clear water.
2. Cigar tobacco appearance quality evaluation
The appearance quality of the cigar leaves finally prepared in the above groups (1) to (3) was evaluated, and the specific results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 evaluation results of cigar tobacco appearance quality
From the results in table 1 above, it can be seen that when the regulator is prepared by using L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan together, the final tobacco products of chu snow No. 2 and chu snow No. 14 prepared by the spraying methods (1) to (3) have little difference in appearance, and when the regulator is prepared according to the raw material concentration and ratio of example 1, the prepared tobacco products have the best appearance quality, and the oil content is obviously improved compared with the comparative example and the blank control. When the regulator is lack of L-cysteine or tea polyphenol and chitosan, the appearance quality of a certain part of tobacco leaves is influenced to a greater or lesser extent.
3. Detection of chemical components of cigar tobacco finished product
The conventional chemical composition detection is measured by using a model 305D continuous flow analyzer manufactured by American API company and referring to the industry standard; the chemical composition analysis of the finished cigar leaves prepared in the above groups (1) to (3) was carried out, and the results are shown in the following Table 2.
TABLE 2 chemical composition analysis results of cigar leaves
From the results of table 2 above, it can be seen that when the regulator is prepared by using L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan together, the chemical components of the final tobacco products of chu snow No. 2 and chu snow No. 14 are more harmonious than the comparative example and the blank control by using the (1) to (3) spraying methods.
4. Cigar tobacco leaf finished product sensory quality evaluation
The comprehensive evaluation and scoring are carried out by 7 professional smoking technicians, indexes such as aroma quality, aroma quantity, miscellaneous gas, irritation, aftertaste, combustibility, gray, concentration, strength and the like are selected, and a scoring standard is made by referring to a YC/T415-2011 tobacco product sensory evaluation method. Sensory evaluation was performed on the cigar tobacco finished products prepared in the above groups (1) to (3), and the results are shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 cigar tobacco sensory evaluation results
From the results in the above table 2, it can be seen that when the regulator is prepared by simultaneously adopting L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan, the tobacco leaf finished product sensory evaluation quality of chu snow No. 2 and chu snow No. 14 finally prepared by adopting the (1) to (3) spraying modes is obviously improved compared with the irritation and miscellaneous gas of the comparative example and the blank control, and the overall evaluation quality is obviously improved.
5. TSNAs content comparison of flue-cured tobacco leaves
The test method comprises the following steps: instruments and reagents: agilent 1290 & lt- & gt 6460 liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (G4220A quaternary pump, G4226A autosampler, G1316C column incubator, Agilent Inc., USA), Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 mm. times.50 mm, 1.8 μm). Methanol (LC-MS grade), ammonium acetate (99%) and acetic acid (> 99.7%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, usa. NNN (2mg), NNK (10mg), and NAB (2mg) standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA, NAT (25mg), NNN-D4(10mg), NNK-D4(10mg), NAB-D4(10mg), and NAT-D4(10mg) from TRC, Canada. Sample preparation: weighing 0.25g of tobacco powder into a 100mL conical flask, adding 0.2mL of 5000 ng/mL internal standard solution and 19.8mL of ammonium acetate solution (100mmol/L), oscillating for 1h at 150r/min on a rotary oscillator, collecting the extract after passing through a 0.22 mu m filter membrane, collecting the extract into a chromatographic flask, and carrying out quantitative analysis by using an LC-MS/MS instrument.
The TSNAs content measurement was performed on the cigar leaf finished products prepared in the above groups (1) to (3) by the above-mentioned method, and the results are shown in the following Table 4.
TABLE 4 tobacco TSNAs content comparison of cigar tobacco leaves after baking in ng/g
As can be seen from Table 4 above, compared with the comparative examples and the blank control, the regulator of the present invention can significantly reduce the TSNAs content by more than 30%, and the safety of smoking is significantly improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. An air-curing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator for cigar tobacco leaves is characterized in that the regulator is an aqueous solution, and solutes of the regulator comprise L-cysteine, tea polyphenol and chitosan.
2. The cigar tobacco leaf airing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solute comprises 0.1-5g/L L-cysteine, 1-30g/L tea polyphenol and 1-20g/L chitosan according to mass concentration.
3. The cigar tobacco leaf airing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solute comprises 0.5-3g/L L-cysteine, 5-20g/L tea polyphenol and 5-10g/L chitosan according to mass concentration.
4. The cigar tobacco leaf airing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator as claimed in any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the weight ratio of L-cysteine to tea polyphenol to chitosan is 1:10-15: 5-10.
5. The cigar leaf airing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator according to claim 4, wherein the solute comprises 1.5g/L L-cysteine, 15g/L tea polyphenol and 7.5g/L chitosan by mass concentration.
6. The use method of the cigar tobacco leaf airing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by using any one of the following methods:
spraying the regulator on the surface of the cigar leaves until the leaves are wet after 16 pm the day before the cigar leaves are harvested, and then carrying out conventional air-curing;
when the cigar leaves are picked, woven and hung for air-curing, the regulator is sprayed on the surfaces of the cigar leaves until the leaves are wet, and then the cigar leaves are normally air-cured;
and when the cigar leaves are aired and enter a fermentation stage, spraying the regulator on the surfaces of the cigar leaves until the leaves are wet.
7. The use method of the cigar tobacco leaf airing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solute concentration of the regulator is diluted by one time, and the diluted regulator is respectively sprayed when the tobacco leaves are collected and hung and aired and the cigar leaf airing enters a fermentation stage.
8. The use method of the cigar tobacco leaf airing quality-improving harm-reducing regulator according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the amount of the regulator sprayed is 15-20L/mu.
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