Sleeve type catalytic combustor and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of catalytic combustors, in particular to a sleeve type catalytic combustor which utilizes the heat release of catalytic combustion reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, is particularly suitable for the field of methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reaction in a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC), and is used for providing heat for a reforming reactor and adjusting the temperature distribution of a reactor bed layer.
Background
The hydrogen production reaction by reforming methanol steam in a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) needs a large amount of heat, a catalytic burner is usually adopted for providing the heat, the catalytic burner is commonly used at present or a large part of heat exposed outside is lost, and the utilization rate of the radiation heat is extremely low; or the temperature at each location is not uniform, the temperature gradient is large, the heat utilization rate is low, and the performance (conversion rate) of the reforming reactor is low.
The invention provides a sleeve type catalytic combustor, which utilizes the heat release of the catalytic combustion reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, is particularly suitable for the field of methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reaction in a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC), can be used for providing heat for a reforming reactor and adjusting the temperature distribution of a reactor bed layer, and is matched with a reformer, so that the heat utilization is more sufficient, the temperature distribution of each part of the combustor can be adjusted, the condition that the integral temperature distribution of the combustor tends to be consistent or the temperature difference of each part is smaller is met, the problem of uneven temperature distribution of the reforming reactor bed layer is solved, and the integral conversion rate and the heat utilization rate of the reforming reactor are effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sleeve type catalytic combustor, which utilizes the heat release of the catalytic combustion reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, is particularly suitable for the field of methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reaction in a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC), and can be used for providing heat for a reforming reactor and adjusting the temperature distribution of a reactor bed layer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sleeve type catalytic burner comprises a hollow inner wall cylinder with two open ends and a hollow outer wall cylinder with two open ends;
the inner wall cylinder is sleeved in the outer wall cylinder in a penetrating way, and a gap is reserved between the outer wall surface of the inner wall cylinder and the inner wall surface of the outer wall cylinder; the left opening end of the inner wall cylinder is provided with an annular front baffle, the end face or the inner wall face of the left opening end of the outer wall cylinder is hermetically connected with the outer side edge of the annular front baffle, which is far away from the geometric center, and the end face or the outer side wall face of the left opening end of the inner wall cylinder is hermetically connected with the inner side edge of the annular front baffle, which is close to the geometric center; a rear baffle is arranged at the right opening end of the inner wall cylinder, the inner wall surface of the outer wall cylinder is hermetically connected with the outer edge of the rear baffle far away from the geometric center, and the end surface of the right opening end of the inner wall cylinder is hermetically connected with the left surface of the rear baffle; a closed sleeve space is enclosed by the inner wall cylinder, the outer wall cylinder, the annular front baffle and the rear baffle;
a mixed gas inlet is arranged at the left opening end of the outer wall cylinder;
through holes as air holes are formed in the side walls of the inner wall cylinder and the outer wall cylinder where the sleeve space is located;
the sleeve space is filled with catalytic combustion catalyst.
The mixed gas inlet is communicated with a cylindrical gas mixing chamber with an opening at two ends, the right opening end of the gas mixing chamber is communicated with the left opening end of the inner wall barrel, and the end face of the right opening end of the gas mixing chamber is hermetically connected with the end face of the left opening end of the outer wall barrel, the left side surface of the annular front baffle or the end face of the left opening end of the inner wall barrel.
The right opening end of the inner wall cylinder is positioned in the outer wall cylinder, the outer wall cylinder between the right opening end of the outer wall cylinder and the right opening end of the inner wall cylinder is used as a tail gas discharge cylinder, and a through hole used as an exhaust hole is formed in the side wall surface of the tail gas discharge cylinder.
The inner wall cylinder and the outer wall cylinder are both cylinders; the annular front baffle is circular, and the rear baffle is circular; the annular front baffle, the annular rear baffle, the inner wall cylinder and the outer wall cylinder are coaxially arranged.
The right opening end of the gas mixing chamber is hermetically connected with the left opening end of the outer wall cylinder through a connecting flange.
More than 2 rows of through holes are axially formed in the side wall of the inner wall cylinder, the aperture of each through hole is 2.5-3.5 mm (preferably 3mm), each row of through holes are radially and concentrically distributed in an array, the distribution density of each row of through holes is 6-10 per circle, and the axial distance between every two adjacent rows of through holes is 15-20 mm; more than 2 rows of through holes are axially formed in the side wall of the outer wall cylinder, the aperture of each through hole is 5-10 mm, each row of through holes are radially and concentrically arranged, the distribution density of each row of through holes is 8-15 per circle, and the axial distance between every two adjacent rows of through holes is 15-20 mm.
The aperture of the through holes on the side wall of the outer wall cylinder is larger than that of the through holes on the side wall of the inner wall cylinder, and the distribution density of the through holes on the side wall of the outer wall cylinder is larger than or equal to that of the through holes on the side wall of the inner wall cylinder.
The catalytic combustion catalyst is a particulate metal oxide or other type of catalytic combustion catalyst.
The application of the sleeve type catalytic combustor is suitable for the hydrogen production process by reforming methanol steam in a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The sleeve space of the burner is arranged in a reformer, or the sleeve space of the burner and the tail gas discharge cylinder are simultaneously arranged in the reformer, and the right opening end of the tail gas discharge cylinder is communicated with the outside of the reformer;
the mixed gas of hydrogen and air to be reacted enters the inner wall cylinder from the left end inlet of the inner wall cylinder after being mixed by the left end mixing chamber of the combustor, the side wall of the inner wall cylinder is provided with through hole holes for the mixed gas to pass through and flow into the sleeve space, a catalytic combustion catalyst is filled between the through hole holes, the mixed gas is subjected to catalytic combustion to release heat, the side wall of the outer wall cylinder is provided with through hole holes for the reaction gas to flow out, and the reaction gas is discharged through exhaust holes along a cavity channel of a reformer outside the combustor or discharged through a right end opening of the reformer after flowing to a tail gas discharge cylinder.
This combustor can arrange reforming reactor in inside, not contact with the external environment, reduce calorific loss, make the high temperature radiation heat of burning chamber is received completely in whole reforming chamber, the passageway is enclosed into with outside reformer to the combustor simultaneously, burning tail gas flows along the runner in inside and carries out the convection heat transfer, promote heat utilization rate, different diameter holes of wall distribution in the sleeve shape combustor, through adjusting inner wall aperture size or hole interval, control different positions burning tolerance, thereby adjust the temperature distribution everywhere of combustor, can satisfy the whole temperature distribution of combustor and tend to unanimity, or make each temperature difference less, solve the uneven problem of reforming reactor bed temperature distribution, effectively promote whole conversion rate of reforming reactor and heat utilization rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of a sleeve-type catalytic combustor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a split sleeve catalytic combustor shown in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic gas flow diagram in the burner of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the temperature distribution when the burner orifice distributions are uniform in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the temperature distribution when the burner orifice distributions are not uniform in FIG. 1.
In the figure: A. a front inlet of the inner wall cylinder 3, a tail gas outlet B, a combustion catalyst filling space C, a combustion tail gas channel D and a reforming cavity E
1. The device comprises a gas mixing chamber, 2, a connecting flange, 3, an inner wall cylinder, 4, an outer wall cylinder, 5, a tail gas discharge cylinder, 6, a front baffle and 7, a rear baffle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the sleeve type burner comprises a gas mixing chamber 1, a connecting flange 2, an inner wall cylinder 3, an outer wall cylinder 4, a tail gas discharge cylinder 5, a front baffle 6 and a rear baffle 7, wherein required reaction hydrogen and air are mixed in the front end mixing chamber, a front inlet of the inner wall cylinder 3 enters A, holes with uniform aperture of 3mm are formed on the inner wall cylinder 3 to enable the mixed gas to pass through, the inner wall cylinder 3, the outer wall cylinder 4, the front baffle 6 and the rear baffle 7 form a sleeve space C, the baffle 7 is a solid whole circular plate, the mixed gas entering from the front inlet of the inner wall cylinder 3 can only flow into the sleeve space C through the wall cylinder holes, a platinum alumina catalyst is filled in the space, the platinum content is 0.5%, the mixed gas is subjected to catalytic combustion to release a large amount of heat, the outer wall cylinder 4 is provided with a uniform pore diameter with a larger diameter of 8mm so that the reaction gas flows out, flows to the tail gas outlet B along a channel D formed by the surrounding of the combustor and the external reformer E and is discharged as shown in figure 3; high-temperature radiation generated by combustion of the combustor is absorbed by the reformer E surrounded by the outside, meanwhile, heat of high-temperature tail gas after combustion is transferred to the reformer E through convection heat transfer, the reformer E can be made into various structures to be wrapped on the periphery of the combustor and can also be partially contacted with the combustor, namely the structure can enable the combustor to transfer heat to the reformer through three heat transfer modes of radiation, convection and heat transfer, and the heat utilization rate is greatly improved;
holes with different diameters are distributed on the inner wall and the outer wall of the sleeve-shaped combustor, and the combustion gas amount at different positions is controlled by adjusting the aperture size or the hole interval of the inner wall, so that the temperature distribution of each part of the combustor is adjusted, the integral temperature distribution of the combustor tends to be consistent, or the temperature difference at each part is smaller, the problem of uneven temperature distribution of a reforming reactor bed layer is solved, and the integral conversion rate and the heat utilization rate of the reforming reactor are effectively improved; FIG. 4 shows the temperature distribution when the inner wall distribution is uniform at 3mm pore diameter under the air flow of 4L/min and 20L/min of hydrogen; fig. 5 shows the temperature distribution when the inner wall has a distribution (2.5-3.5 mm) of pore diameters at the same flow rate, and it can be seen that the effect of adjusting the temperature distribution of the burner can be realized by adjusting the pore diameter of the inner wall.
In order to prevent the catalyst from leaking out of the holes, a high-temperature-resistant metal wire mesh can be surrounded on the surfaces of the inner wall cylinder and the outer wall cylinder.