CN112703981A - Method for relieving wheat photosynthetic performance loss under high-temperature stress - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for relieving wheat photosynthetic performance loss under high-temperature stress, which comprises the following steps: and 5 days after wheat blossoms, spraying the surfaces of the wheat leaves by using exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and salicylic acid until the front and back surfaces of the leaves are uniformly moistened, wherein the time is 1 time per day for 4 days, and the treatment concentrations of the exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and the salicylic acid are 0.5mmol/L and 0.1mmol/L respectively. The invention can effectively relieve the inhibition of high temperature stress on the growth of wheat and finally realize the effect of relieving the yield loss of the wheat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for relieving high-temperature stress of crops, in particular to a method for relieving photosynthetic property loss of wheat under the high-temperature stress.
Background
Wheat is one of the main food crops in China, and the yield of the wheat is directly related to the development of national economy. Wheat belongs to cool crops, and the optimal growth temperature is 15-20 ℃. According to the research, the average temperature of the wheat grain in the grain filling period is higher than 15 ℃, the grain weight is not favorable to be formed, and the yield is reduced by 1-4% when the temperature is increased by 1 ℃ (Chen et al.2014). As one of the main wheat production areas in China, the Huang-Huai-Mai area in China is not only an area with remarkable climate warming, but also the late growth period of wheat often has staged high-temperature and humid weather, the weather with the average daily temperature from ear sprouting to maturity being greater than the optimal grouting temperature of wheat accounts for 1/3 of the growth period, particularly the temperature is rapidly increased in the middle and later period of grouting, the continuous high-temperature weather often appears, and high-temperature maturity is formed, so that the leaves of plants are premature, and the grain filling period is shortened to reduce the grain weight.
In recent years, in the global warming background, wheat suffers from high temperature damage and seriously decreases yield or has no harvest frequently. High temperature stress tends to cause disturbance of the antioxidant system of cells by affecting the photosynthetic structure of plants, and ultimately reduces wheat yield. How to solve the high temperature hazard influence and improve the high temperature tolerance of wheat becomes a hot point of research of crop science. In production, abnormal high temperature weather is frequent, a relieving technology for solving the problem of great yield reduction of crop heat damage is urgently needed, and the selection of exogenous substances for inducing crop heat resistance becomes an important choice.
However, the research results on the influence of exogenous substances on the heat resistance of crops mostly come from the laboratory level (a water culture method and an artificial incubator method), and data support based on the growth of crops in the whole growth period is still lacked. On the other hand, many studies have been made to observe crop tolerance reactions in a short time after application of the drug, and the heat resistance produced under such conditions may be difficult to be practically utilized due to "sudden" high temperature, that is, the time when environmental stress such as high temperature comes cannot be accurately predicted. The plants have different physiological metabolism in different growth periods, and the functions of the plant growth regulator also have different functions according to the different growth periods of the plants. Due to the fact that the weather of abnormal high temperature caused by global warming is increased year by year, for example, exogenous substances are applied to the early growth stage of wheat to induce crops to generate resistance, the damage degree of the wheat is relieved when heat damage occurs in heat sensitive periods such as the flowering period of the wheat, the high temperature damage can be effectively resisted in production, and the feasibility of actual operation can be achieved. In addition, the influence of temperature increasing conditions of wheat in different growth periods on the growth metabolic characteristics and the high temperature tolerance of the wheat in the filling period is researched, the physiological mechanism of the wheat is analyzed, measures are taken to relieve the adverse influence of the temperature increasing environment on crops, and a theoretical basis can be provided for stress resistance and stable yield of the crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for relieving the photosynthetic performance loss of wheat under high-temperature stress, which can effectively relieve the inhibition of the high-temperature stress on the growth of the wheat and finally realize the effect of relieving the yield loss of the wheat.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for relieving wheat photosynthetic performance loss under high-temperature stress comprises the following steps: and 5 days after wheat blossoms, spraying the surfaces of the wheat leaves by using exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and salicylic acid until the front and back surfaces of the leaves are uniformly moistened, wherein the time is 1 time per day for 4 days, and the treatment concentrations of the exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and the salicylic acid are 0.5mmol/L and 0.1mmol/L respectively.
Preferably, the wheat is foliar sprayed at the evening selected.
Preferably, the pH value of the exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside spraying solution is adjusted to 6.0 +/-0.1 by 1mmol of KOH, and each 100ml of the solution contains 0.02ml of Tween-20.
Preferably, the salicylic acid spray solution is adjusted to pH 6.0 + -0.1 with 1mmol KOH, and contains 0.02ml Tween-20 per 100ml solution.
Preferably, the purity of the exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside is 98.5%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and salicylic acid are sprayed on wheat, and the exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and salicylic acid with proper concentrations show an obvious promotion effect on the photosynthesis physiology of flag leaves under high-temperature stress after wheat blossom, reduce the generation rate of active oxygen and the membrane lipid peroxidation degree of the flag leaves of the wheat under the high-temperature stress, obviously improve the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves, the air pore conductivity and the transpiration rate, effectively relieve the inhibition of the high-temperature stress on the growth of the wheat, and finally realize the effect of relieving the yield loss of the wheat. Therefore, in combination with the fact that climate changes such as climate warming and continuous drought in recent years pose great threats to the growth and development of wheat, the application of trace, efficient and economical exogenous NO donors sodium nitroprusside and salicylic acid to realize high yield and high efficiency of wheat is feasible, and the invention provides effective theoretical basis for the application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the influence of pre-spraying exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and SA on the wheat flag leaf area under high temperature stress in the filling stage; 2015-. Note: different letters indicate differences in P <0.05 level between treatments, 20DAA and 25DAA indicate 20 days and 25 days post-anthesis, respectively, the same below;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the influence (2015-2016) of pre-spraying exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and SA on net photosynthetic rate (A, B), stomatal conductance (C, D) and transpiration rate (E, F) of wheat flag leaf under high temperature stress during the filling period;
FIG. 3 shows the influence of pre-spraying exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and SA on the chlorophyll content (A, B) and the soluble protein content (C, D) of wheat flag leaf under high temperature stress during the filling stage (2015-2016);
FIG. 4 shows the influence of pre-spraying exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and SA on the generation rate (A, B) and malondialdehyde content (C, D) of wheat flag leaf superoxide anion under high temperature stress during the filling period (2015-2016).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
1. Test method
The test varieties are: different temperature-sensitive wheat varieties (semi-winter variety: Nicotiana tabacum 19, spring variety: Yangmai 18) are selected.
Planting management: the soil of the test field is yellow brown loam, the ground is flat, the soil layer is deep, the soil fertility is moderate, the soil pH of the soil layer of 0-20cm is 6.5, the soil organic matter content is 1.39%, and the quick-acting nitrogen is 87 mg/kg-1Quick-acting phosphorus of 13 mg/kg-1The quick-acting potassium is 72 mg/kg-1. The cultivation method of field pot culture with in-situ soil backfilling is adopted (i.e. soil of 0-20cm plough layer of field is filled into a test pot, and then the test pot is buried into the test field). The pot culture container is a polyethylene plastic barrel with a small hole at the bottom, 7.5kg of screened soil is filled in each pot (with the height of 30cm and the diameter of 25cm), and the bottom of the pot is embedded in the ground for 20 cm. In order to ensure the nutrition requirement of plants, 75g of organic fertilizer, N1.20g and P are applied to each pot before sowing2O50.36 g and K2O0.90 g, corresponding to applying pure N220 kg, P per hectare in field2O590 kg，K2And O165 kg. Wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied twice, the base dressing ratio is 5:5, the top dressing is applied in the jointing stage, and the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied once as the base fertilizer. The same kind of wheat is planted in the field around the experimental pot, and the cultivation measures are like the field. The sowing time is respectively 2015 year 11, month 8 and 2016 year 11, month 4, the soil is sown after water settlement, 16 seeds are sown in each pot, and when three leaves and one core are planted, the seedlings are thinned to 8 plants in each pot.
The treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying treatment: 5 days after wheat blossoms, the wheat is sprayed on the leaf surfaces by using the external NO donor sodium nitroprusside and the salicylic acid until the front and back surfaces of the leaves are wet (a layer of small water beads are about to fall), 1 time every day (evening) and continuously for 4 days. The treatment concentrations of the exogenous NO donor Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) and the salicylic acid are respectively0.5mmol/L and 0.1 mmol/L. The pH value of the spraying solution is adjusted to 6.0 +/-0.1 by 1mmol of KOH, each 100ml of the solution contains 0.02ml of Tween-20, and the same amount of distilled water is sprayed on a control group. SNP used in test is exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside (Na)2Fe(CN)5) Purity 98.5% from Sigma.
(2) High-temperature treatment: the high-temperature treatment is carried out in a glass greenhouse simulation mode. The potted plants after the exogenous spraying were transferred to a glass greenhouse for four days (15-18DAA, i.e., 15-18 days after the wheat blossoms) at 15 days after the flowering for high temperature treatment (H), the temperature was set to a high temperature environment of about 5 ℃ higher than the environmental control (the final average temperature of the canopy was increased by 5.85 ℃), and the relative humidity was 65%. The air temperature and humidity of the wheat canopy were continuously recorded with an Elitech (RC-4) intelligent humiture recorder 1 time per 10 minutes. And after the treatment is finished, the basin is transferred to the outside of the room and grows in the natural environment. The treatment settings are detailed in table 1.
Table 1 test-treatment setup
Note: n (Non-treatment): comparison; NO: treating exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside; and SA: salicylic acid treatment; h (High-temperature): and (5) high-temperature treatment.
The measurement contents are as follows: the influence of the pre-spraying of exogenous substances on the high-temperature tolerance of wheat in the early stage of filling is determined by measuring the change characteristics of the growth and development characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, oxidative metabolism characteristics and the like of wheat grains and spikes.
2. Measurement items and methods
(1) Yield and yield component
And (4) counting the spike number of each pot in the mature period by taking three pots, harvesting all indoor seed tests of the seeds, and counting the spike grain number, thousand grain weight and yield of each pot.
(2) Particle weight of strong and weak potential
In the mature period, 10 ears are taken for different ear position strong and weak grain seed test, the ear is averagely divided into three parts, namely an upper ear, a middle ear and a lower ear, the 1 st and 2 nd grains at the base of each part of the ear are counted as strong grains, and the 3 rd to 5 th grains are counted as weak grains.
(3) Biomass
Three pots of wheat plants above the ground are taken for each treatment, dried to constant weight at 80 ℃ and weighed by a weighing meter.
(4) Measurement of the Green leaf area of flag leaf
The length and width of flag leaves of 10 wheat plants were measured per treatment, and the flag leaf area (leaf length × leaf width × 0.85) was calculated by the coefficient method.
(5) Photosynthetic parameters
A portable photosynthetic rate tester GFS-3000 (Germany) is adopted to test the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the stomatal conductance (Gs) and the transpiration rate (Tr) of the wheat leaves. The artificial light source is configured to set PAR at 0-2000 μmol · m-2·s-1The temperature of a leaf chamber is controlled to be 25 ℃, the concentration of CO2 is controlled to be about 400ppm, and the test time is selected from 9: 30-11: 00.
(6) chlorophyll content and soluble protein content
1g of leaves are cut into several pieces and placed in 50ml of acetone: extracting with ethanol (v: v ═ 1: 1) at 25 deg.C in dark for 24 hr, measuring absorbance at 470, 663 and 645nm, and calculating chlorophyll content according to the formula of ZHEN et al (2009).
And (3) soluble protein content determination: determined by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining (Bradford 1976).
(7) Characteristic of oxidation
Leaf superoxide anion (O)2.-) The generation rate: measured by the hydroxylamine method. Adding PBS (pH 7.0) and 10 mmol. multidot.L into 500. mu.l of the extractive solution-1Hydroxylamine, keeping the temperature in a water bath at 25 ℃ for 20min, adding 17 mmol.L-1Sulfanilic acid and 7 mmol.L-1Alpha-naphthylamine, then keeping the temperature in a water bath at 25 ℃ for 20min, and measuring the OD value at 530 nm.
Malondialdehyde (MDA) content: measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colorimetry. Adding 4ml of mixed solution of trichloroacetic acid and thiobarbituric acid and 1ml of enzyme solution into the mixture, and boiling the mixture in a water bath for 20min to obtain a mixture of 4000 g.min-1Centrifugation was carried out for 15min, and the OD values at 532nm and 600nm were determined for the supernatant.
The superoxide dismutase (SOD) adopts chlorineNitrotetrazolium blue (NTB) by photochemical reduction. 1.5ml of 0.05 mol.L are added in turn-1PBS(pH 7.8)，0.3ml 130mmol·L-1Methionine, 0.3ml 750. mu. mol. L-1NTB，0.3ml 100μmol·L-1EDTA-Na2，0.3ml 20mmol·L-1Riboflavin, 0.05ml H2O, 50 mul of enzyme solution, reacting for 15min under 4000lx sunlight after uniformly mixing, and rapidly measuring the OD value at 560nm after the reaction is finished.
Peroxidase (POD) was measured by guaiacol method. Adding guaiacol 0.019ml and guaiacol 0.2 mmol. L- 1PBS(PH 6.0)50ml，29％H2O20.028 ml was mixed with 100. mu.l of the enzyme solution, and the OD value at 470nm was measured.
3 results and analysis
(1) Yield and its constituent factors
The spike number of each treatment of the two wheat varieties does not reach obvious difference, the spike grain number of the two wheat varieties is reduced by high-temperature stress (NH) in the filling period, but the reduction range is lower than that of NOH and SAH treatment (table 2). NH obviously reduces the thousand grain weight of wheat, the reduction range of the tobacco grower is 19 & gt Yangmai 18, the reduction range of the thousand grain weight of the wheat under high-temperature stress is relieved by NOH and SAH treatment, obvious difference is achieved, and the exogenous SA relieving effect is good. NH remarkably reduces the yield of wheat, NOH and SAH treatment relieves the reduction range of the yield of wheat under high-temperature stress, and the two-year test results show consistent trends.
TABLE 2 influence of Pre-spraying of exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and SA on wheat yield and its constituents under high temperature stress during the filling stage (2015-2017)
Note: NN comparison; exogenous spraying of distilled water in the early stage of NH grouting and high-temperature stress in the middle stage of grouting; exogenous spraying of nitric oxide in the early stage of NOH grouting and high-temperature stress in the middle stage of grouting; exogenous salicylic acid spraying in the early stage of SAH grouting and high-temperature stress in the middle stage of grouting. Different letters in the same column represent processing room between P<Difference at 0.05 level. FC,FTAnd FC×TRepresentative species, treatments and productsF value of interaction between species and treatment. And indicates significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. The same applies below.
(2) Total spikelets and number of infertile spikelets
The total spikelet number did not reach significant differences between treatments for both wheat varieties (table 3). In the year 2015-2016, NH significantly increased the number of infertile spikelets of the two wheat varieties, and NOH and SAH treatments increased the number of infertile spikelets of the two wheat varieties (yangma 18, excluding NOH), but the magnitude of the increase did not reach a significant difference compared to NN. In the year 2016-2017, NH significantly increased the number of infertile spikelets of both wheat varieties, and NOH and SAH increased the number of infertile spikelets of both wheat varieties, but at a lesser extent than the NH treatment.
TABLE 3 influence of Pre-spraying of exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and SA on wheat spikelet setting under high temperature stress during the filling stage (2015-2017)
(3) Grain weight of different spike positions
The NH treatment significantly reduced the grain weight of the strong and weak grains of the upper spikelets of the two wheat varieties, the reduction of the strong grains was less than that of the weak grains, and the reduction of the yangmai 18 was less than that of the nicotiana tabacum 19 (table 4). Compared with NH treatment, the grain weight reduction range of the strong and weak potential of the two wheat varieties under NOH and SAH treatment is relieved, and SA has better relieving effect than NO. The variation trend of the strong and weak granule of the middle small ear and the lower small ear under each treatment condition is similar to that of the upper small ear, but the reduction amplitude of the particle weight of the strong and weak granule of each part is shown as that the upper small ear is larger than the lower small ear is larger than the middle small ear under the influence of high temperature stress.
TABLE 4 influence of Pre-spraying of exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside and SA on different spike strength and weak potential grain setting of wheat under high temperature stress during the filling stage (2015-2017)
(4) Area of flag leaf
After medium-stage high-temperature stress in grain filling, the flag leaf areas of the two wheat varieties under NH treatment are remarkably reduced, and the reduction amplitude is more than 20DAA at 25DAA (figure 1). The reduction range of the exogenous SA on the flag leaf areas of two wheat varieties is relieved, in the year of 2015 + 2016, the SAH is obviously improved compared with NH when Yangmai 18 is at 25DAA and when tobacco grower 19 is at 20DAA, in the year of 2016 + 2017, the flag leaf areas of Yangmai 18 and tobacco grower 19 under the SAH condition are obviously higher than NH in the year of 20DAA, and the relieving effect is obvious.
(5) Photosynthetic parameters
NH treatment significantly reduced the flag leaf net photosynthetic rates of the two wheat varieties 20DAA and 25DAA, with reduction of magnitude 25DAA being higher than 20DAA (fig. 2A, B). Compared with NH, the net photosynthetic rate of the two wheat varieties under NOH and SAH treatment is obviously improved, the reduction of the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf is relieved, and the relieving effect of SA is better. The NH treatment significantly reduced the flag leaf stomatal conductance of both wheat varieties, with the reduction of tobacco grower 19 being greater than yangmai 18 (fig. 2C, D). Compared with NH, SAH treatment obviously improves the flag leaf stomatal conductance of two wheat varieties, and the improvement range is larger than that of NOH treatment. The flag leaf transpiration rate under each treatment condition has a similar trend to the stomatal conductance, but the SAH treatment reduced the flag leaf transpiration rate to a lesser extent than the stomatal conductance and the net photosynthetic rate (fig. 2E, F).
(6) Chlorophyll content, soluble protein content
After medium-stage high-temperature stress in the grain filling, the chlorophyll content of flag leaves of two wheat varieties is remarkably reduced, and the reduction amplitude is more than 20DAA when the chlorophyll content is 25DAA (fig. 3A and B). Compared with NH, no significant difference was seen in the effect of NOH and SAH treatment on the chlorophyll content of wheat flag. The flag leaf soluble protein content was significantly reduced under NH conditions (fig. 3C, D). SAH treatment slightly increased the soluble protein content of wheat flag leaf compared to NH, but did not achieve a significant difference (except when yangmai 18 was at 20 DAA).
(7) Superoxide anion generation rate, malondialdehyde content
NH treatment to make Yangmai 18 and Nicotiana 19 at 20DAA and 25DAA flag leaves O2 .-The production rate was significantly increased, with an increase of 25DAA higher than 20DAA (fig. 4A, B). At NOH and SAH, in contrast to NHFlag leaf O of Yangmai 182 .-A significant reduction in the rate of production, with a reduction amplitude SAH greater than NOH (fig. 4A); the relief effect of SAH and NOH was significant at 20DAA for nicotiana 19, and only SAH reached a significant difference at 25DAA (fig. 4B). High temperature stress during the filling period significantly increased the MDA content of wheat flag leaves, and increased the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation (fig. 4C, D). SAH and NOH significantly reduced the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation at 20DAA and 25DAA for both wheat varieties, slowing the rate of senescence in wheat flag leaves.
(8) Relationship between physiological indexes and seed yield
The grain yield and the yield have the maximum correlation with the related indexes (leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content and soluble protein content) of the yield and the photosynthetic property, and the correlation thousand grain weight reaches extremely obvious correlation (P is less than 0.01) except that the soluble protein content reaches obvious difference (P is less than 0.05)>The net photosynthetic rate among the indices related to yield and photosynthetic property correlated most with the yield and the yield-constituting factors (Table 5). Under the conditions of high-temperature stress and exogenous substance treatment, the change of the spike number and the spike grain number has no correlation with the change of the photosynthetic property. O is2 .-The production rate and MDA content are extremely obviously and negatively correlated with thousand grain weight and yield, and the correlation O2 .-Rate of generation>The MDA content.
TABLE 5 relationship between wheat yield and its constituent factors and photosynthetic and oxidative properties
Note: the table shows the correlation analysis 20 days after flowering (2015-2016) for two wheat varieties under different treatment conditions. And indicates significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. n is 48, R0.05 is 0.404, and R0.01 is 0.515.
Relieving effect of pre-spraying of NO and SA on photosynthetic performance loss of wheat under high-temperature stress
(1) Effect of NO and SA pre-spraying on wheat yield change characteristics under high-temperature stress in filling period
In the present invention, exogenous SA significantly increased wheat yield under high temperature stress, which was associated with thousand kernel weight change (table 2). Further analyzing the grain weight of the strong and weak grains at different ear positions of the wheat, the grain weight reduction range of the strong grains is smaller than that of the weak grains under the stress of high temperature, the reduction range of the Yangmai 18 is smaller than that of the tobacco grower 19, and the influence of the high temperature on the strong and weak grains of the upper spikelet is the largest (Table 4). This suggests that high temperature stress during the grain filling stage primarily affects the development of weak grains and development of the upper spikelets and ultimately wheat yield. The strong grains bloom early, the grouting is started quickly and quickly, the weak grains are opposite, and the grouting time is delayed later than that of the strong grains. The high temperature stress in the middle stage of grouting has more influence on weak grains than strong grains, and the blooming and grouting time of the middle spikelet is earlier than that of the upper and lower spikelets, so that the high temperature stress in the middle stage of grouting has less influence on the development of the middle spikelet. After exogenous NO and SA pretreatment in the early stage of grouting, the grain weight reduction range of the strong and weak potential of the two wheat varieties is relieved compared with NH treatment, and the NO relieving effect of SA is better than that of NO (Table 4). Further calculation of the percent reduction in NOH and SAH relative to NH found that the exogenous substances had a greater effect on the particle weight of the strong and weak upper spikelets (data not shown). The results show that the high-temperature stress mainly affects the development of spikelets and weak grains on the upper part of the wheat, so that the final yield is affected, and the exogenous NO and SA can effectively relieve the grain weight loss of the strong and weak grains of the wheat under the high-temperature stress in the filling stage, so that the reduction of the yield is relieved.
(2) Effect of pre-spraying of NO and SA on photosynthesis performance of wheat under high-temperature stress in grain filling period
In the present invention, compared with the high temperature stress treatment, exogenous NO and SA treatment significantly increases Pn, Gs and Tr of flag leaves under high temperature stress, and the SA action is more significant (fig. 2), which indicates that NO and SA have a relieving effect on the decrease in photosynthesis caused by high temperature stress. The chlorophyll content is reduced due to the fact that under high-temperature stress, the structure of plant chloroplast is damaged, NO is active nitrogen with strong oxidizing property, assembly and stability of a plant thylakoid membrane protein complex under the stress condition can be promoted, absorption and utilization capacity of chloroplast to light energy is enhanced, damage to chloroplast caused by high-temperature stress is relieved, and heat resistance of the plant is improved.
The maintenance of a higher leaf area after flowering is the basis for ensuring high yield of wheat, and in the invention, the exogenous SA relieves the reduction of the leaf area of the flag leaves of the wheat under high temperature stress, relieves the loss of the effective area of the flag leaves for capturing light energy in the filling stage, and relatively delays the senescence of the flag leaves. The chlorophyll content and the soluble protein content of the plants under high temperature stress are reduced, and the degradation of the chlorophyll content and the soluble protein content of the wheat flag leaves under high temperature stress by exogenous SA pretreatment is relieved but does not reach a significant difference (figure 3). The reason that SA increases the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of flag leaves is probably related to the participation of SA in protecting the integrity of chloroplast membrane structure and regulating the balance of antioxidant systems in chloroplast, and the stress relieving mechanism of SA is still to be further researched. Correlation analysis shows that the correlations between thousand kernel weight and yield and the related indexes of photosynthetic property reach significant positive correlation, and the correlations between net photosynthetic rate and yield constitutive factors are the largest (Table 5). The exogenous NO and SA pretreatment possibly influences the growth and development of wheat by regulating the photosynthetic rate, and finally the effect of regulating the yield is achieved.
(3) Effect of NO and SA Pre-spraying on wheat Oxidation characteristics under high temperature stress during filling stage
The test result of the invention shows that the pretreatment of exogenous NO and SA with proper concentration can enhance the stress resistance of plants and reduce O2 .-The production rate and the membrane lipid peroxidation degree (figure 4), thereby slowing down the aging rate of the wheat flag leaves and leading the flag leaves to have higher photosynthetic substance production capacity, which is beneficial to grain filling. The physiological effects of NO and SA on wheat under high temperature stress in the test show that the pretreatment of NO and SA can weaken the oxidation stress degree of wheat plants under high temperature stress and improve the resistance of wheat to high temperature stress.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (5)
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