CN112693411A - Vehicle energy conversion device using hydrogen fuel cell and lithium ion capacitor - Google Patents
Vehicle energy conversion device using hydrogen fuel cell and lithium ion capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112693411A CN112693411A CN202011483879.1A CN202011483879A CN112693411A CN 112693411 A CN112693411 A CN 112693411A CN 202011483879 A CN202011483879 A CN 202011483879A CN 112693411 A CN112693411 A CN 112693411A
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- fuel cell
- hydrogen fuel
- vehicle control
- control unit
- energy
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a vehicle energy conversion device using hydrogen fuel cell and lithium ion capacitor, comprising: auxiliary energy systems, hydrogen fuel cell systems, vehicle control units, electric drive systems, and other electrical devices; the auxiliary energy system and the hydrogen fuel cell system are electrically connected with the vehicle control unit; the electric drive system, other electric equipment and vehicle control unit electric connection. And the vehicle controller automatically completes the starting of the vehicle and the energy distribution after the starting according to the actual working condition. The beneficial effects provided by the invention are as follows: the energy storage device solves the problems that energy is rapidly provided by utilizing the characteristics of a lithium ion capacitor when a vehicle is started, rapidly accelerated and climbs a steep slope, and the energy released in the vehicle braking and inertial sliding processes is stored in the lithium ion capacitor. The engine has the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection for vehicles and great benefit for improving the efficiency of the engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile intelligent systems, in particular to an automobile energy conversion device using hydrogen fuel cells and lithium ion capacitors.
Background
Because the fuel cell system has slow dynamic response, the output characteristic of the fuel cell can not meet the requirement of the vehicle when starting, accelerating rapidly and climbing steep slopes, a set of energy storage system is needed to solve the problem, and simultaneously the problems of low-temperature starting and auxiliary high-voltage power supply of the fuel cell are solved, the energy storage system commonly used at present mainly comprises a lithium ion battery, a super capacitor and a nickel-hydrogen battery, because the energy storage of the traditional energy storage system is limited by the volume, the weight and the space of the whole vehicle, enough energy can not be stored to supply an auxiliary power supply unit or improve the driving mileage of the vehicle, the hydrogen storage bottle of the fuel cell is also limited by the volume, the weight and the space of the whole vehicle, the driving mileage of the vehicle is determined by the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen bottle, and the driving motor works in a power generation state when the vehicle decelerates or brakes, part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted into electrical energy, which is stored in an energy storage system, while torque is applied to a drive shaft to brake the vehicle. The lithium ion super capacitor has higher energy density than a conventional capacitor and higher power density than a lithium ion battery, has the advantages of stable performance, short charging and discharging time, long cycle life, high power density, good high and low temperature performance and the like, increases the driving range of the vehicle through once hydrogenation, improves the utilization efficiency of the energy of the vehicle, and plays an important role in energy conservation and environmental protection of the vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vehicle power system composed of a lithium ion capacitor with characteristics of strong heavy current discharge capability, fast charge speed, long cycle service life, and the like, and a hydrogen fuel cell with relatively slow loading and unloading, wherein the lithium ion capacitor system and the hydrogen fuel cell system are complementary in performance, and mainly solve the problem that energy is rapidly provided by using the characteristics of the lithium ion capacitor when a vehicle is started, rapidly accelerated, and climbs a steep slope, and the energy released in the vehicle braking and coasting processes is stored in the lithium ion capacitor. The engine has the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection for vehicles and great benefit for improving the efficiency of the engine.
The invention provides a vehicle energy conversion device with hydrogen fuel cells and lithium ion capacitors, which specifically comprises the following components:
auxiliary energy systems, hydrogen fuel cell systems, vehicle control units, electric drive systems, and other electrical devices; the auxiliary energy system and the hydrogen fuel cell system are electrically connected with the vehicle control unit; the auxiliary energy system is internally provided with a bidirectional DC/DC to carry out energy interaction with the vehicle control unit; the electric drive system, other electric equipment and vehicle control unit electric connection. And the vehicle controller automatically completes the starting of the vehicle and the energy distribution after the starting according to the actual working condition.
Further, the auxiliary energy system is a lithium ion capacitor or a super capacitor or a nickel-hydrogen battery.
Further, the vehicle start-up procedure is as follows:
the vehicle control unit controls the bidirectional DC/DC output voltage to increase until the voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system reaches a set target voltage;
the hydrogen fuel cell system is ready to receive a starting command from a vehicle controller; if a starting command is received, reading a current environment temperature value by the hydrogen fuel cell system; otherwise, continuing to wait for the starting command;
if the current environment temperature is lower than the preset target temperature value, the hydrogen fuel cell needs to be started and preheated at low temperature, and at the moment, the vehicle control unit controls the bidirectional DC/DC output power to provide energy to start the hydrogen fuel cell system.
After the hydrogen fuel cell system is started, the vehicle control unit performs power distribution according to an accelerator pedal signal, the hydrogen fuel cell state and the auxiliary energy system state, and the power distribution method specifically comprises the following steps:
the vehicle control unit obtains the state of charge SOC of the auxiliary energy system and converts the power P required by the electric drive system according to the signal of the accelerator pedalreq；
The vehicle control unit judges whether the SOC of the auxiliary energy system is in a preset target range, if so, the vehicle control unit outputs the calculated total power Psum＝Preq(ii) a Otherwise, the total calculated power output by the vehicle control unit is Psum＝Preq+PchIn which P ischPower for charging and discharging the auxiliary energy system;
the vehicle control unit acquires the current output power P of the hydrogen fuel cell systemcurAnd maximum loading power P of hydrogen fuel cell systemmax(ii) a Get PsumAnd PmaxThe smaller one of them being Paim(ii) a Setting control target Δ
P＝Paim-PcurControlling the current output power of the hydrogen fuel cell to reach P through a PID algorithmaim；
The vehicle control unit controls the auxiliary energy system to provide power supply power demand P of other electric equipmentlc＝Psum-Pcur。
The beneficial effects provided by the invention are as follows: the energy storage device solves the problems that energy is rapidly provided by utilizing the characteristics of a lithium ion capacitor when a vehicle is started, rapidly accelerated and climbs a steep slope, and the energy released in the vehicle braking and inertial sliding processes is stored in the lithium ion capacitor. The engine has the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection for vehicles and great benefit for improving the efficiency of the engine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicular energy conversion device using hydrogen fuel cells and lithium ion capacitors in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a power system startup and shutdown;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of energy distribution of the vehicle control unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an energy conversion device for a vehicle using hydrogen fuel cell and lithium ion capacitor includes the following components:
auxiliary energy systems, hydrogen fuel cell systems, vehicle control units, electric drive systems, and other electrical devices; the auxiliary energy system and the hydrogen fuel cell system are electrically connected with the vehicle control unit; the auxiliary energy system is internally provided with a bidirectional DC/DC to carry out energy interaction with the vehicle control unit; the electric drive system, other electric equipment and vehicle control unit electric connection. And the vehicle controller automatically completes the starting of the vehicle and the energy distribution after the starting according to the actual working condition.
The auxiliary energy system is preferably a lithium ion capacitor, but is not limited thereto, and a super capacitor or a nickel-metal hydride battery may also be used.
Hereinafter, the auxiliary energy system according to the present invention will be explained by taking a lithium ion capacitor as a representative.
The lithium ion capacitor realizes voltage stabilization output through the bidirectional DCDC and is used as an auxiliary power supply to provide high-voltage power supply for the hydrogen fuel cell in the starting process and the shutdown process; providing energy for the hydrogen fuel cell during low-temperature starting and preheating; during the load reduction process of the hydrogen fuel cell, part of output energy is provided for a motor driving system, and redundant energy is recycled to the lithium ion capacitor through the bidirectional DCDC; energy generated by the motor driving system in braking and freewheeling is recycled to the lithium ion capacitor through the bidirectional DCDC; the vehicle needs instantaneous high power when starting, accelerating rapidly and climbing steep slopes, part of energy is provided by a hydrogen fuel cell system, and the rest energy is supplied by a lithium ion capacitor through bidirectional DCDC output; when the charge state of the lithium ion capacitor is low, one part of the energy output by the hydrogen fuel cell drives the motor system, and the other part charges the lithium ion capacitor through the bidirectional DCDC, so that the charge state of the lithium ion capacitor is improved.
An auxiliary power supply for the starting process and the shutdown process of the hydrogen fuel cell and a bidirectional DCDC controller integrated in the lithium ion capacitor system are used for controlling high-voltage electrification according to the high-voltage electrification process of the whole vehicle after low-voltage electrification is finished,
the method comprises the steps of firstly controlling the output voltage of a bidirectional DCDC integrated in a lithium ion capacitor system to gradually rise to reach a target set voltage, then enabling the hydrogen fuel cell system to enter a ready state, receiving a starting command to start the hydrogen fuel cell to work, determining whether low-temperature starting and preheating are needed according to the current environmental temperature, enabling the temperature of an electric pile to reach a proper working temperature, enabling the hydrogen fuel cell system to enter a starting process, wherein before the power is supplied by the lithium ion capacitor system serving as an auxiliary power source, and after the starting is successful, controlling how energy conversion is realized among the hydrogen fuel cell system, the lithium ion capacitor system and an electric drive system according to signals of an accelerator pedal.
When the signal demand power of the accelerator pedal is larger (the demand power can be preset, and when the demand power is larger than the preset value, the demand power is larger), the vehicle control unit reasonably distributes power and outputs the power to the electric drive system according to the current working state of the hydrogen fuel cell and the charge state of the lithium ion capacitor.
When the power demand of the accelerator pedal signal is smaller (a preset threshold value is carried out in the same way), the vehicle control unit reasonably distributes power to output to the electric drive system according to the current working state of the hydrogen fuel cell and the charge state of the lithium ion capacitor and determines whether to charge the lithium ion capacitor through the bidirectional DCDC.
When the charge state of the lithium ion capacitor is low, the vehicle control unit reasonably distributes power to output to the electric drive system according to the current working state of the hydrogen fuel cell and the charge state of the lithium ion capacitor, and charges the lithium ion capacitor through the bidirectional DC/DC.
When the vehicle is braked and coasted, the vehicle control unit can simultaneously charge the lithium ion capacitor through the bidirectional DCDC according to the current working state of the hydrogen fuel cell and the charge state of the lithium ion capacitor and the output energy and the braking energy of the hydrogen fuel cell.
When the required power is increased instantly, because the output dynamic response of the hydrogen fuel cell is slow, the required redundant energy is completely from the lithium ion capacitor, and as the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell is slowly increased, the output power of the lithium ion capacitor is slowly reduced, and the total output power can meet the required power of the electric drive system.
When the required power is reduced instantly, the hydrogen fuel cell outputs a part of power to the electric drive system because the output dynamic response of the hydrogen fuel cell is slow, and the hydrogen fuel cell outputs redundant power to charge the lithium ion capacitor through the bidirectional DCDC.
Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the start-up and shut-down of the powertrain;
the starting process of the automobile is as follows:
the vehicle control unit controls the bidirectional DC/DC output voltage to increase until the voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system reaches a set target voltage;
the hydrogen fuel cell system is ready to receive a starting command from a vehicle controller; if a starting command is received, reading a current environment temperature value by the hydrogen fuel cell system; otherwise, continuing to wait for the starting command;
if the current environment temperature is lower than the preset target temperature value, the hydrogen fuel cell needs to be started and preheated at low temperature, and at the moment, the vehicle control unit controls the bidirectional DC/DC output power to provide energy to start the hydrogen fuel cell system.
In the process of closing the automobile, the whole automobile controller receives a shutdown instruction to start; after a shutdown instruction is received, the hydrogen fuel cell is shut down, then the hydrogen fuel cell is electrified under high voltage, and finally the hydrogen fuel cell is electrified under low voltage, so that the shutdown is completed;
referring to fig. 3, a specific process of energy distribution of the vehicle controller refers to a flow chart of energy distribution of the vehicle controller;
the vehicle control unit obtains the state of charge SOC of the auxiliary energy system and converts the power P required by the electric drive system according to the signal of the accelerator pedalreq；
The vehicle control unit judges whether the SOC of the auxiliary energy system is in a preset target range, if so, the vehicle control unit outputs the calculated total power Psum＝Preq(ii) a Otherwise, the total calculated power output by the vehicle control unit is Psum＝Preq+PchIn which P ischPower for charging and discharging the auxiliary energy system;
the vehicle control unit acquires the current output power P of the hydrogen fuel cell systemcurAnd maximum loading power P of hydrogen fuel cell systemmax(ii) a Get PsumAnd PmaxThe smaller one of them being Paim(ii) a Setting control target Δ
P＝Paim-PcurControlling the current output power of the hydrogen fuel cell to reach P through a PID algorithmaim；
The vehicle control unit controls the auxiliary energy system to provide power supply power demand P of other electric equipmentlc＝Psum-Pcur。
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof.
The beneficial effects provided by the invention are as follows: the energy storage device solves the problems that energy is rapidly provided by utilizing the characteristics of a lithium ion capacitor when a vehicle is started, rapidly accelerated and climbs a steep slope, and the energy released in the vehicle braking and inertial sliding processes is stored in the lithium ion capacitor. The engine has the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection for vehicles and great benefit for improving the efficiency of the engine.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. An energy conversion device for a vehicle using a hydrogen fuel cell and a lithium ion capacitor, characterized in that:
auxiliary energy systems, hydrogen fuel cell systems, vehicle control units, electric drive systems, and other electrical devices; the auxiliary energy system and the hydrogen fuel cell system are electrically connected with the vehicle control unit; the auxiliary energy system is internally provided with a bidirectional DC/DC to carry out energy interaction with the vehicle control unit; the electric drive system, other electric equipment and vehicle control unit electric connection. And the vehicle controller automatically completes the starting of the vehicle and the energy distribution after the starting according to the actual working condition.
2. The vehicular energy conversion device with hydrogen fuel cell and lithium ion capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary energy system is a lithium ion capacitor or a super capacitor or a nickel-hydrogen battery.
3. The vehicular energy conversion device with hydrogen fuel cell and lithium ion capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the starting process of the automobile is as follows:
the vehicle control unit controls the bidirectional DC/DC output voltage to increase until the voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system reaches a set target voltage;
the hydrogen fuel cell system is ready to receive a starting command from a vehicle controller; if a starting command is received, reading a current environment temperature value by the hydrogen fuel cell system; otherwise, continuing to wait for the starting command;
if the current environment temperature is lower than the preset target temperature value, the hydrogen fuel cell needs to be started and preheated at low temperature, and at the moment, the vehicle control unit controls the bidirectional DC/DC output power to provide energy to start the hydrogen fuel cell system.
4. The vehicular energy conversion device with hydrogen fuel cell and lithium ion capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that:
after the hydrogen fuel cell system is started, the vehicle control unit performs power distribution according to an accelerator pedal signal, the hydrogen fuel cell state and the auxiliary energy system state, and the power distribution method specifically comprises the following steps:
the vehicle control unit obtains the state of charge SOC of the auxiliary energy system and converts the power P required by the electric drive system according to the signal of the accelerator pedalreq；
The vehicle control unit judges whether the SOC of the auxiliary energy system is in a preset target range, if so, the vehicle control unit outputs the calculated total power Psum＝Preq(ii) a Otherwise, the total calculated power output by the vehicle control unit is Psum＝Preq+PchIn which P ischPower for charging and discharging the auxiliary energy system;
the vehicle control unit acquires the current output power P of the hydrogen fuel cell systemcurAnd maximum loading power P of hydrogen fuel cell systemmax(ii) a Get PsumAnd PmaxThe smaller one of them being Paim(ii) a Setting control target DeltaP as Paim-PcurControlling the current output power of the hydrogen fuel cell to reach P through a PID algorithmaim；
The vehicle control unit controls the auxiliary energy system to provide power supply power demand P of other electric equipmentlc＝Psum-Pcur。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011483879.1A CN112693411A (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | Vehicle energy conversion device using hydrogen fuel cell and lithium ion capacitor |
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| CN202011483879.1A CN112693411A (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | Vehicle energy conversion device using hydrogen fuel cell and lithium ion capacitor |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN118219935A (en) * | 2023-07-10 | 2024-06-21 | 龙门实验室 | An intelligent energy management method for hybrid electric vehicles based on slope prediction |
| CN118322947A (en) * | 2024-04-22 | 2024-07-12 | 广东佳邑新能源科技有限公司 | Intelligent energy optimization control device and method for hydrogen fuel cell power system |
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Application publication date: 20210423 |