CN112516143B - 双苄四氢异喹啉衍生物在制备抗冠状病毒药物中的应用 - Google Patents
双苄四氢异喹啉衍生物在制备抗冠状病毒药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药领域,具体涉及一类双苄四氢异喹啉衍生物在制备抗冠状病毒的药物及治疗冠状病毒感染引起的疾病的药物中的用途。
背景技术
目前发现的可感染人类的冠状病毒共有7种:HcoV-229E、HcoV-NL63、HcoV-HKU1、HcoV-OC43、严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合症冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)、2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2)。其中,前4种(HcoV-229E、HcoV-NL63、HcoV-HKU1、HcoV-OC43)冠状病毒在全球范围内季节性地在人群中流行,在大多数患者中引起轻度呼吸道疾病;SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV感染引起的死亡率非常高;SARS-CoV-2是一种新型β属冠状病毒,属于单链RNA病毒,其感染性极强,人群普遍易感。
冠状病毒表面刺突S蛋白的受体结合域(RBD)和细胞上的受体结合,S蛋白形成一个三聚体复合物,细胞表面蛋白酶可以将S蛋白切割成S1和S2两个亚单位,S1亚单位包含受体结合域RBD和N端结构域NTD,RBD中间有一个受体结合基序,称之为RBM,RBM的氨基酸序列在各个冠状病毒的S蛋白中变化比较大。S2亚单位有三个功能区,包括融合肽(FP)、HR1和HR2,它们介导病毒和细胞的融合,病毒的基因物质可以进入细胞内进行复制。如果细胞表面没有切割S蛋白的蛋白酶,病毒可以通过内吞的形式进入细胞内,在内吞泡中的酸性环境以及组织蛋白酶CatB/L的作用下,病毒膜也可以和内吞膜泡融合,把病毒的基因物质释放到细胞内。病毒进入细胞的方式分别是表面膜融合和内吞膜融合,表面融合是主要进入方式。冠状病毒进入细胞以后,在冠状病毒酶的作用下,例如Mpro(3CL蛋白酶)、RdRp(RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶),复制出新的病毒颗粒,并释放出细胞。因此,阻断病毒侵入细胞是非常重要的抗冠状病毒策略。
目前虽对SARS-CoV-2引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎的流行病学、临床特点、诊断治疗及其预防转归等方面有了一定的认识,但治疗仍不能满足临床需求,缺乏特效药物,形式仍相当严峻。已有的抗病毒药物对SARS-CoV-2大部分无效。例如抗HIV药物克力芝(洛匹那韦和利托那韦)在治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床试验中效果差并且副作用大。虽然靶向刺突S蛋白的抗体、小蛋白、脂多肽都能有效阻断冠状病毒侵入细胞,但是价格昂贵,而有效的小分子药物仍然十分匮乏。因此,亟需开发新型的能够有效阻断冠状病毒侵入细胞的抗冠状病毒小分子药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一类双苄四氢异喹啉衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其晶型、或其溶剂合物在制备抗冠状病毒的药物及治疗冠状病毒感染引起的疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明提供了以下化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其晶型、或其溶剂合物、或其立体异构体、或其同位素取代化合物在制备抗冠状病毒的药物中的用途:
R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立地选自氢、羟基、C1~3烷基、C1~3烷氧基;
R6、R7、R8各自独立地选自氢、羟基、C1~3烷基、C1~3烷氧基;
进一步地,所述化合物为以下化合物之一:
进一步地,所述冠状病毒以下冠状病毒或其变体:SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV、HcoV-229E、HcoV-NL63、HcoV-HKU1、HcoV-OC43;
所述冠状病毒变体为野生型冠状病毒或突变型冠状病毒。
进一步地,所述SARS-CoV-2的变体为野生型冠状病毒S-D614或突变型冠状病毒S-G614。
进一步地,所述化合物能够抑制冠状病毒侵入细胞。
进一步地,所述化合物能够抑制冠状病毒进行细胞融合。
本发明还提供了上述化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其晶型、或其溶剂合物、或其立体异构体、或其同位素取代化合物在制备预防和/或治疗冠状病毒感染引起的疾病或其并发症的药物中的用途;冠状病毒如上所述。
进一步地,所述疾病为呼吸道感染疾病。
进一步地,所述疾病为新型冠状病毒肺炎。
本发明还提供了一种抗冠状病毒的药物,它是以上述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其晶型、或其溶剂合物、或其立体异构体、或其同位素取代化合物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制得的制剂。
本发明中,鹤氏唐松草碱即化合物S1、防己诺林碱即化合物S20、异防己诺林碱即化合物S21、蝙蝠葛碱即化合物S24、甲基莲心碱即化合物S25、蝙蝠葛苏林碱即化合物S27。
冠状病毒的不同变体包括野生型冠状病毒株和各种发生突变的突变型冠状病毒株。
SARS-CoV-2(S-D614)即野生型SARS-CoV-2病毒株,是2019新型冠状病毒疫情初期的流行病毒株;SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)即S蛋白614位突变为甘氨酸的SARS-CoV-2病毒株,是目前最主要的流行病毒株。
本发明公开的式I所示双苄四氢异喹啉衍生物能够有效抑制多种冠状病毒对细胞的感染能力,尤其对SARS-CoV-2(S-D614)、SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)、SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV冠状病毒感染具有优异的抑制活性。本发明的双苄四氢异喹啉衍生物在制备抗冠状病毒的药物,以及预防和/或治疗冠状病毒感染引起的疾病的药物中具有良好的应用前景。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1:S1、S20、S21、S24、S25、S27、千金藤素(Cepharanthine)和粉防己碱(Tetrandrine)在HEK293T细胞上对SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)假病毒和VSVG病毒感染的抑制活性、特异性和细胞毒性结果。
图2:S1、S25、千金藤素(Cepharanthine)和粉防己碱(Tetrandrine)对不同冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2(S-D614)、SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)、SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV)侵入细胞能力的抑制曲线。
图3:S1、S25、千金藤素(CEP)、粉防己碱(TET)对细胞膜融合的抑制作用。
图4:S1在HEK293T、Calu-3、A549三种细胞上抑制SARS-CoV-2假病毒侵入细胞的活性测试结果。
具体实施方式
本发明所用原料与设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品所得。
鹤氏唐松草碱(S1)、防己诺林碱(S20)、异防己诺林碱(S21)、蝙蝠葛碱(S24)、甲基莲心碱(S25)、蝙蝠葛苏林碱(S27)、千金藤素、粉防己碱均购买自市售产品。
实施例1:化合物在HEK293T细胞上对SARS-CoV-2假病毒感染的抑制活性、特异性和细胞毒性
1、假病毒包装
将2×107个HEK293T细胞接种于10cm培养皿中(80%~90%密度),
12h后进行转染(参照Lipo8000说明书),转染比例为Opti-MEM500μl+Lipo8000 18μl+如下质粒:
pNL4-3-Luc-R-E:VSVG=5:1(10μg,2μg);
pNL4-3-Luc-R-E:pCMV3-SARS-CoV-2.Spike(D614)=1:1(6μg,6μg);
pNL4-3-Luc-R-E:pCMV3-SARS-CoV-2.Spike(G614)=1:1(6μg,6μg);
pNL4-3-Luc-R-E:pCMV3-SARS-CoV.Spike=1:1(6μg,6μg);
pNL4-3-Luc-R-E:pCMV3-MERS-CoV.Spike=1:1(6μg,6μg)
转染12h后换液,正常培养48h和72h后收集上清,离心5分钟(4℃,4000rpm),收集病毒上清,得假病毒备用。
2、假病毒感染和滴度测定
实验使用Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂盒(Invitrogen)并根据制造商的说明进行。转染48小时后,在上清液中收集表达S-SARS,S-MERS,S-D614和S-G614刺突蛋白的假病毒。离心并通过0.45μm过滤器过滤,储存在-80℃下。将pNL4-3.Luc.R-E-质粒与pMD2.G共转染以收集VSVG假病毒。将RT-qPCR与引物和靶向LTR的探针结合使用,通过确定每毫升病毒储备液中病毒RNA基因组的数量来量化假病毒的拷贝。上游引物:5'-TGTGTGCCCGTCTGTTGTGT-3',下游引物:5'-GAGTCCTGCGTCGAGAGAGC-3',探针:5'-FAM-CAGTGGCGCCCGAACAGGGA-BHQ1-3'。使用TRIzol试剂(Invitrogen,Rockville,MD)提取病毒RNA。然后,使用TaqMan一步式RT-PCR预混试剂(Applied Biosystems,Thermo Fisher)扩增总RNA。使用具有已知拷贝数的pNL4-3.Luc.R-E-载体产生标准曲线。将我们收获的所有假病毒滴定至统一滴度(拷贝数/mL),用于后续研究。
3、待测化合物对假病毒感染的抑制活性、特异性和细胞毒性测试
(1)半数有效浓度(EC50)测试
将HEK293T细胞3×106于6cm培养皿中(80%~90%密度),转染4μg pReceiver-M02-ACE2质粒,G418筛选ACE2过表达的稳定细胞株。以每孔1×104个细胞接种ACE2过表达的HEK293T细胞株至96孔板,12h后加入用细胞培养基梯度稀释的假病毒上清60μl、同时加入Polybrene(5μg/ml)以提高病毒感染效率,每组3个复孔。假病毒感染8h后换取新鲜培养基,72小时后测定荧光素酶活性,选取荧光素酶活性达到104RLU所对应的病毒滴度进行后续的化合物检测。实验中以千金藤素和粉防己碱作为阳性对照。
(2)特异性指数(SI)测试
特异性指数(SI)=VSVG EC50(μM)/SARS-CoV-2EC50(μM)
(3)半数细胞毒性浓度(CC50)测试
使用AQueous One Solution细胞增殖试验(G3582,Promega)评估细胞活力。简而言之,将HEK 293T细胞转移到96孔板中(2x104细胞/孔),在含有梯度浓度的化合物的培养基中于37℃,5%CO2气氛中培养72小时。然后除去培养基,将细胞与100μl新鲜培养基一起孵育。移取20μlAQueous One试剂到每个样品孔中,并在5%的CO2潮湿气氛中于37℃孵育1-4小时。使用酶标仪(Synergy H1,BioTek)在490nm处记录吸光度。根据读数计算出每个化合物的CC50。
4、实验结果
表1.待测化合物在HEK293T细胞上对SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)假病毒和VSVG病毒感染的抑制活性、特异性和细胞毒性结果
实验结果如图1和表1所述。实验结果表明化合物S1、S20、S21、S24、S25、S27对SARS-CoV-2假病毒侵入细胞均具有显著的抑制效果,但是对VSVG病毒的感染基本无抑制效果。说明本发明化合物不作用于HIV病毒骨架,其对SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)病毒具有良好的特异性。
同时,化合物S1、S20、S21、S24、S25、S27在HEK293T细胞上具有较大的CC50,说明其安全性良好。
实施例2:化合物在不同细胞上的对SARS-CoV-2假病毒感染的抑制活性
1、待测化合物对假病毒感染的抑制活性测试
通过荧光素酶活性测试目标化合物在不同细胞上的抗病毒感染活性,以千金藤素和粉防己碱作为阳性对照。将96孔板中培养的HEK293T,Calu-3或者A549细胞(2x104细胞/孔)与梯度浓度的各种化合物孵育1小时,并用相同量的假病毒SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)(50μL,3.8×104拷贝)感染。感染后8小时替换新鲜的DMEM培养基。感染后72小时,收集细胞并用30μl裂解缓冲液(Promega)裂解,根据产品描述用荧光素酶测定试剂(Promega)测量RLU数值,计算待测化合物对SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)假病毒感染的半数有效浓度(EC50)。所有数据至少进行了3次测试,并表示为均值±标准差(SD)
2、实验结果
表2.化合物在不同细胞上的对SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)假病毒感染的抑制活性
实验结果如表2和图4所示。实验结果表明在HEK293T、Calu-3、A549三种细胞上,S1、S24、S25、S27对SARS-CoV-2假病毒的感染均具有较强的抑制作用。特别是S1,其在HEK293T、Calu-3、A549三种细胞上阻断SARS-CoV-2假病毒侵入细胞的EC50分别为0.111μM,0.28μM,2.46μM,在HEK293T、Calu-3细胞上的抑制活性甚至优于阳性对照千金藤素和粉防己碱。
实施例3:化合物对不同冠状病毒感染的抑制活性
1、实验方法
HEK293T细胞以(1×104/孔)密度接种到96孔板中,12h后将待测化合物(50μM到32.7nM)以2.5倍梯度浓度稀释并与等体积病毒上清37℃共孵育30min后加入细胞中,同时设阴性不加病毒对照组、溶剂空白对照组,千金藤素和粉防己碱作为阳性对照,每组3个复孔,37℃培养48h。然后每孔加入30μl 1×细胞裂解液裂解细胞,室温裂解15min,离心取15μl上清加入15μl检测底物,充分混匀后,立即用酶标仪检测荧光素酶活性。根据不同浓度药物对冠状病毒的抑制率,计算出每组化合物的半数有效浓度(EC50)。
2、实验结果
表3.S1和S25对不同冠状病毒感染的抑制活性
结果如表3和图2所示,S1和S25均能高效阻断SARS-CoV-2(S-D614)、SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)、SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV假病毒侵入细胞。
实施例4:化合物对细胞融合的影响
1、实验方法
用编码GFP的质粒pAdTrack-TO4-GFP或编码相应的SARS-CoV-2S蛋白的pS-G614质粒转染HEK 293T作为效应细胞。293T-ACE2细胞用作靶细胞。转染后8小时,将效应细胞用PBS洗涤两次,并用化合物或DMSO进行预处理。转染后24小时,将具有S蛋白表达的效应细胞以1:2的比率覆盖在靶细胞上。共培养4小时后,用倒置荧光显微镜捕获合胞体图像。在每个孔中随机选择三个区域以计算融合和未融合的细胞。
2、实验结果
分别转染表达SARS-CoV-2S蛋白和人ACE2蛋白的HEK293T细胞可发生细胞膜融合现象。实验结果显示(图3),与空白对照组相比,加入S1(5μM)和S25(5μM)可明显抑制细胞膜融合现象。
实施例5:化合物的药代动力学性质测试
1、实验方法
S1和S25的药代动力学分析在雄性ICR小鼠中进行。溶媒为5%DMSO,15%Solutol,80%生理盐水,pH7.0,以2mg/kg的剂量进行颌下静脉注射和10mg/kg的剂量进行灌胃口服对ICR小鼠给药。在指定时间收集血液并立即离心以分离血浆,使用LC-MS/MS分析确定血药浓度。
2、实验结果
表4.S1和S25在小鼠上静脉注射和灌胃口服的药代动力学测试结果
S1和S25在小鼠上的药代动力学性质如表4所示,可以看出S1和S25均具有良好的药代动力学性质,特别是化合物S1,其代动力学性质更佳。
综上所述,本发明提供了式I所示双苄四氢异喹啉衍生物在制备抗冠状病毒药物中的应用。该双苄四氢异喹啉衍生物能够有效抑制多种冠状病毒对细胞的感染能力,尤其对SARS-CoV-2(S-D614)、SARS-CoV-2(S-G614)、SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV冠状病毒感染具有优异的抑制活性。本发明的双苄四氢异喹啉衍生物在制备抗冠状病毒的药物,以及预防和/或治疗冠状病毒感染引起的疾病的药物中具有良好的应用前景。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:所述化合物能够抑制冠状病毒侵入细胞。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:所述化合物能够抑制冠状病毒进行细胞融合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用途,其特征在于:所述疾病为呼吸道感染疾病。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于:所述疾病为新型冠状病毒肺炎。
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