CN112506605A - Intelligent metering and computing architecture based on container driving - Google Patents
Intelligent metering and computing architecture based on container driving Download PDFInfo
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- CN112506605A CN112506605A CN202011273569.7A CN202011273569A CN112506605A CN 112506605 A CN112506605 A CN 112506605A CN 202011273569 A CN202011273569 A CN 202011273569A CN 112506605 A CN112506605 A CN 112506605A
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Abstract
一种基于容器驱动的智能计量和计算架构，涉及到电网智能化及通用计量领域，将计算与标准化通讯功能与智能电表分离。部署给用户的智能电表仅限于一组最小的核心功能。改变通信协议或计算模型不会导致智能电表的更新，实现一次性升级的目标。最后，搭建了一个实验装置来验证所提出的配电网架构，并讨论了几种潜在的应用场景，以证明其优越性。本发明提出的架构满足了配电系统的大多数智能电网应用的延迟要求，对于有更关键需求的应用程序，可以在边缘部署容器，以减少从智能仪表到专用容器的延迟。
A container-driven smart metering and computing architecture relates to the field of grid intelligence and general metering, and separates computing and standardized communication functions from smart meters. Smart meters deployed to users are limited to a minimal set of core functions. Changing the communication protocol or computing model will not result in an update of the smart meter, achieving the goal of a one-time upgrade. Finally, an experimental setup is built to verify the proposed distribution network architecture, and several potential application scenarios are discussed to demonstrate its superiority. The architecture proposed by the present invention satisfies the delay requirements of most smart grid applications in power distribution systems, and for applications with more critical requirements, containers can be deployed at the edge to reduce the delay from smart meters to dedicated containers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power grid intellectualization and universal metering.
Background
By combining information and communication technologies with power supply systems, smart grids enable both general users and distributed energy resources to actively participate in the operation and maintenance activities of the grid [1 ]. This means that the power distribution system plays a more important role in smart grids than in traditional grids. Power distribution systems are intended to provide utility support for many innovative smart grid applications, including advanced metering infrastructure, real-time pricing/incentives, on-demand response, peer-to-peer energy trading, integration of renewable energy and energy storage, etc. [2 ]. To meet the needs of these emerging smart grid applications, significant upgrades to existing facilities in the power distribution system are required.
In power distribution systems, smart meters are essential elements to support smart grid applications [3 ]. Smart meters not only provide routine functions such as power usage measurement and billing, but also are a key infrastructure to address last mile communications in power distribution systems. They act as a communication bridge between neighborhood networks and demand side local area networks (such as those houses, buildings and factories), enabling two-way communication between utility providers and electricity consumers/distributed energy sources [4 ]. In this way, the smart meter provides the necessary support for new applications of the smart grid, such as demand response and peer-to-peer energy transactions.
Currently, the operation and maintenance of power distribution systems is far from mature. The communication protocols and computational models of smart grid applications will suffer significant and frequent changes in the future. In this case, as an indispensable communication facility of the power distribution system, the smart meter must be upgraded from time to meet the requirements of new smart grid application/calculation models and the following standards of communication protocols [5 ]. However, upgrading smart meters is difficult in both cost and technology because smart meters are resource-constrained devices, and the computing, communication, and storage resources deployed to the user end are limited. Therefore, well-designed metering and computing architectures that are easily updated have gained importance in power distribution systems.
Disclosure of Invention
To address these issues, the present research proposes a container-based smart metering and computing architecture with considerable agility and flexibility. In this proposed architecture, communication and computing functions are separated from physical smart meters, which have only a minimal set of core functions embedded. Therefore, the newly designed smart grid application program does not necessarily lead to upgrading the smart meters deployed to the user side, thereby reducing the upgrading cost and eliminating technical obstacles.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a communication and calculation function are separated from physics intelligent instrument to an intelligence measurement and calculation framework based on container, and its structure divides into two parts, and one is the physical equipment that user side possesses basic calculation, communication and measurement, and two are the high in the clouds Docker container that possesses extended function, and user side physical equipment one-to-one corresponds.
Further, the data is uploaded to a corresponding cloud container by the user side physical device, and data application is performed in the container.
Furthermore, peer-to-peer communication can be carried out between cloud containers in the same region to realize an extended function.
The invention has the technical effects that: according to the intelligent metering and calculating system based on the container, the calculating and standardized communication functions are separated from the intelligent electric meter, the intelligent electric meter deployed to a user is limited to a group of minimum core functions, the intelligent electric meter cannot be updated due to the change of a communication protocol or a calculation model, and the aim of one-time upgrading is fulfilled. Finally, an experimental device is built to verify the proposed power distribution network architecture, and several potential application scenarios are discussed to prove the superiority thereof. The proposed architecture meets the latency requirements of most smart grid applications of power distribution systems, and for applications with more critical requirements, containers can be deployed at the edge to reduce latency from smart meters to dedicated containers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system model according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hierarchical structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the experimental structure.
FIG. 4 shows data of communications delay tests and fitted curves of the meter and the container.
FIG. 5 is test data and a fitted curve of communication delays between containers.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The power grid is divided into a plurality of fields including power generation, transmission, distribution and consumer fields according to the function of the power facility. In today's smart grids, each domain is integrated with a communication infrastructure for scheduling and operating the power supply system and for real-time monitoring and control of the power facilities.
Referring to fig. 1, the smart meter serves as a communication bridge between the power distribution domain and the user. Due to the important role in the smart grid and the lack of a universal smart grid application framework, the smart meters need to be upgraded from time to time. To address this problem, containers are employed to build our smart metering and computing architecture. In particular, a container host accommodating a plurality of virtual containers is introduced into a power distribution domain, and the container host can be implemented by using a cloud or an edge system.
In the container master, each container acts as a communication and computation agent for the user-side dedicated smart meters, e.g., a 'and B' for smart meters a and B, respectively. These containers are essentially insulated from each other to prevent interference with the operation of the other containers. To enable collaboration between containers, a virtual network is used for exchanging messages. In addition, each container communicates with the corresponding smart meter through the NAN to obtain required data for communication and calculation purposes, and to communicate control commands and exchange information with high-level managers of system operation and maintenance through the WAN on behalf of the smart meters.
Referring to fig. 2, under our conception, the hierarchy of the present invention is composed of five layers, from bottom to top, an infrastructure layer, a virtual layer, a communication layer, a computation layer and an application layer.
The infrastructure layer provides infrastructure support for smart metering and computing. The virtual layer provides an isolated operating environment that allows each container to act as a dedicated agent for the smart meter. The communication layer is responsible for the necessary information interaction with other containers and the computation layer in the network. The application layer can accommodate smart grid applications of the power distribution network, including dynamic electricity price and electricity price excitation, energy bidding, peer-to-peer energy trading, power quality monitoring, intelligent metering data management and analysis, block chaining and the like.
Table 1 summarizes the hardware and software tools used for experimental validation. The experimental setup of the proposed smart metering and computing architecture is shown in fig. 3.
TABLE 1 Experimental use of software and hardware
In the research, the Ariicloud is used as a container host, and Kubernetes and Docker containers are integrated. If an edge or desktop computer is selected as the host for the container, Kubernets and Docker may be installed according to user guidelines. On top of the Docker container, a security-oriented lightweight Linux release Alpine Linux is used as the operating system, hosting the intelligent grid applications and providing communication interface support.
Meanwhile, the little bear party is used as a user-side smart meter and supports narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) communication. Through NB-IoT, the bear party terminal communicates directly with the base station of the network service provider, i.e., china telecom group company. The base station is further connected with the Alice cloud through the Internet. In this way, each little bear terminal establishes one-to-one communication with a dedicated container, as shown in fig. 3 as a and a', and the containers cooperate with each other through the aricloud intranet.
In order to verify the feasibility of the architecture in the application of the power distribution network smart grid, one-to-one communication between the smart meter and a special container and time delay of communication between the containers are researched.
Fig. 4 depicts the probability density of communication delay between a smart meter (little bear) and a dedicated container. The communication delay is obtained by the Round Trip Time (RTT). To measure RTT, the smart meter sends a packet to its dedicated container and records the local time as t 1. And after the container receives the data packet, immediately returning the data packet to the intelligent electric meter. When the smart meter receives a return packet from its dedicated container, the local time is again recorded as t 2. The RTT is calculated as t2-t1, which doubles the communication delay. After the communication delay is obtained, the data is fitted to a gamma distribution, as shown by the curve in fig. 4. It can be seen that the communication delay of the smart meter to its dedicated container is mainly between 400 and 600 milliseconds.
We also studied the communication delay between containers. As shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the communication delay between containers through the virtual network is typically less than 40 milliseconds, which is much smaller than the communication delay between a smart meter and its dedicated container.
The above simulation experiments of the present invention confirm that our proposed architecture meets the delay requirements of most smart grid applications of power distribution systems, such as meter-on-demand, advanced metering infrastructure, demand response management, pricing (time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, and critical peak pricing), vehicle-to-grid, and distributed energy re-sources [6 ]. For applications with more critical requirements, containers can be deployed at the edge to reduce latency from the smart meter to the dedicated container.
Reference documents:
[1]Ding Y M,Hong S H,Li X H.A Demand Response Energy Management Scheme for Industrial Facilities in Smart Grid[J].Industrial Informatics IEEE Transactions on,2014,10(4):2257-2269.
[2]Shaukat N,Khan B,Ali S M,et al.A survey on electric vehicle transportation within smart grid system[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,81(pt.1):1329-1349.
[3]Avancini D B,Rodrigues J J P C,Martins S G B,et al.Energy meters evolution in smart grids:A review[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2019,217(APR.20):702-715.
[4]Ding Y M,Tian Y C,Li X H,et al.Constrained broadcast with minimized latency in neighbourhood area networks of smart grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2019,PP(99):1-1.
[5]Zhou S,Brown M A.Smart meter deployment in Europe:A comparative case study on the impacts of national policy schemes[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,144(FEB.15):22-32.
[6]Abbasinezhad-Mood D,Nikooghadam M.An Ultra-Lightweight and Secure Scheme for Communications of Smart Meters and Neighborhood Gateways by Utilization of an ARM Cortex-M Microcontroller[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(6):6194-6205。
Claims (7)
1. an intelligent metering and computing architecture based on container driving, characterized by: the communication and calculation functions are separated from the physical intelligent instrument, the structure of the intelligent instrument is divided into two parts, one part is physical equipment with basic calculation, communication and measurement on a user side, and the other part is a cloud Docker container with an expansion function and in one-to-one correspondence with the physical equipment on the user side.
2. The container-driven-based smart metering and computing architecture of claim 1, wherein: and the data is uploaded to a corresponding cloud container by the user side physical equipment, and data application is carried out in the container.
3. The container-driven-based smart metering and computing architecture of claim 1, wherein: the cloud containers in the same region can communicate with each other to realize the expansion function.
4. The container-driven-based smart metering and computing architecture of claim 1, wherein: in the container host, each container acts as a communication and computation agent for the user-side dedicated smart meter.
5. The container-driven-based smart metering and computing architecture of claim 1, wherein: the containers are essentially insulated from each other to prevent interference with the operation of other containers.
6. The container-driven-based smart metering and computing architecture of claim 1, wherein: each container communicates with the corresponding smart meter via the NAN to obtain the required data for communication and computing purposes, and to communicate control commands and exchange information with the high level managers of system operation and maintenance via the WAN on behalf of the smart meters.
7. The container-driven-based smart metering and computing architecture of any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the hierarchical structure comprises five layers from bottom to top, namely a basic structure layer, a virtual layer, a communication layer, a calculation layer and an application program layer, wherein:
the infrastructure layer provides infrastructure support for intelligent metering and calculation;
the virtual layer provides an isolated operating environment, and each container is allowed to act as a special agent of the smart meter;
the communication layer is responsible for carrying out necessary information interaction with other containers and a computing layer in the network;
the application layer can accommodate smart grid applications of the power distribution network.
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| CN109922106A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 中标软件有限公司 | The cloud cell phone system realized based on Docker container |
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