CN112326299A - Nondestructive alpine meadow soil volume weight determination sampling method - Google Patents
Nondestructive alpine meadow soil volume weight determination sampling method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims description 100
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及生态保护技术领域，特别是一种非破坏性的高寒草甸土壤容重测定取样方法。包括如下步骤：三角板定点、草皮移位、环刀回收、草皮复位、土壤回填等。减小了采样时破坏的高寒草甸面积，有效保护生态环境；采样完毕后可以尽可能还原未破坏前的植物生长环境，减小了采样点植被生长的土壤环境；较为有效的保护了地表植被根系的完整性，增加了采样点植被再生长的可能性；省去了挖取土壤剖面的时间和工作，有效减少了工作量，提高了工作效率；可以解决现有技术采用环刀法测定土壤容重时取样数据量少的问题；浅耕翻、划破草皮、切根等人为干预活动是对中重度退化草甸植被和土壤恢复十分有效的修复措施，同时划破草皮可适当增加高寒草甸部分月份及雨季土壤保水性能。The invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection, in particular to a non-destructive alpine meadow soil bulk density determination and sampling method. It includes the following steps: triangular board positioning, turf shifting, ring knife recovery, turf reset, soil backfilling, etc. The area of alpine meadows destroyed during sampling is reduced, and the ecological environment is effectively protected; the plant growth environment before the damage can be restored as much as possible after sampling, and the soil environment for vegetation growth at the sampling point is reduced; the surface vegetation is more effectively protected The integrity of the root system increases the possibility of vegetation regrowth at the sampling point; saves the time and work of digging the soil profile, effectively reduces the workload and improves work efficiency; it can solve the problem of using the ring knife method to measure soil in the prior art. The problem of the small amount of sampling data when the test density is used; human intervention activities such as shallow plowing, cutting the turf, and cutting roots are very effective restoration measures for the restoration of moderately and severely degraded meadow vegetation and soil. At the same time, cutting the turf can appropriately increase the alpine meadow. Soil water retention performance in some months and rainy season.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection, in particular to a nondestructive alpine meadow soil volume weight determination sampling method.
Background
The volume weight of the soil is the ratio of the dried weight of the unit volume of soil (including the volume of soil particles and soil particle pores) to the weight of water with the same volume in a natural state. The volume weight of the soil reflects the compactness, air permeability, water permeability and water retention capacity of the soil structure, and is an important parameter for measuring the soil quality and the productivity. At present, the method for measuring the volume weight of soil at home and abroad is mainly a cutting ring method.
Generally, a volume weight of 0-20 cm soil can be directly measured by sampling from the soil surface, and below 20 cm, sampling is performed by digging sections at different depths. When the volume weight is measured by the traditional method, a soil section is manually dug in a sample area to be measured (the size of the section is determined according to the measurement depth), then a cutting ring is used for taking soil on the soil section according to a measurement scheme, the soil is loaded in an aluminum box after the soil taking is finished, the weight of the soil sample is weighed (weighing before and after drying, 48 hours), and the volume weight is calculated according to a formula.
Alpine meadow ecosystems are extremely fragile and sensitive to changing environmental conditions and human activities throughout the world. The traditional method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and when the alpine meadow fetches earth, the sample plot is seriously damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sampling method for measuring the volume weight of soil, which is easy to operate and less in damage. The method can measure the volume weight of the soil on alpine meadow soil with fragile environment, and can effectively reduce the damage to the alpine meadow.
A nondestructive alpine meadow soil volume weight determination sampling method comprises the following steps:
(1) set square fixed point
After a measuring sample plot is selected, randomly fixing points by using a set square, vertically driving steel nails into the ground surface at 3 vertexes of the set square respectively, and connecting 3 steel nails by using nylon ropes to form a triangular area;
(2) turf shifting
Vertically cutting and shoveling the earth surface turf in the triangular area by using a soil-taking shovel, shoveling the turf by a depth of 2-3 cm to ensure the integrity of the turf, putting the turf in a clean plastic bag, fastening a pocket, and storing the turf in a dark place to prevent excessive evaporation and loss of water;
(3) cutting ring recovery
Vertically driving the handle with the edge close to the ring into soil by using an iron hammer, taking the ground surface as a reference surface, taking the soil layer by layer, and recovering the ring cutter after the ring cutter is driven to a determined depth; taking out the cutting ring, scraping the floating soil on the upper surface and the lower surface of the cutting ring, immediately placing the soil sample in a storage box, storing the soil sample and the storage box in a wind-proof environment, weighing the weight of the storage box and fresh soil, respectively filling each layer of scraped soil in a clean plastic bag, and storing in a dark place;
(4) soil backfilling
After sampling is finished, pouring the scraped soil collected in the plastic bag into a sampling point layer by layer;
(5) turf replacement
And after the soil is backfilled, covering the turf filled in the clean plastic bag on the ground surface, taking all the storage boxes back to a laboratory after sampling, drying and weighing, and calculating the volume weight of the soil.
Further, the cutting ring is in an inverted cone shape, the cross section of the cutting ring is a hollow ring, a cutting edge is arranged at the lower part of the cutter body, and the parameter requirement of the cutting ring is that the diameter of the cross section is phi 50-52 mm; height h 50 mm; taking 100 cubes by a cutting ring once. Reduce soil damage and quickly extract soil samples. The inverted cone is convenient for going deep into soil and is also convenient for lifting and taking soil.
The triangular plate and the cutting ring are made of steel and stainless steel. Is convenient for long-term use.
Further, the diameter of the nylon rope is phi 8 mm. On the basis of guaranteeing the connection strength between the steel nails, the technical staff can conveniently carry out the knotting operation by hand.
The storage box is made of aluminum, the weight is conveniently carried, the collection cavity is formed in the storage box, the diameter of the cross section of the collection cavity is phi 55-60 mm, and the height h of the collection cavity is 60-65 mm. Is convenient to be matched with the cutting ring to collect soil.
Further the soil sample is weighed by using an electronic balance, a JA1003 electronic balance of Shanghai Puchun measuring instrument Limited company; the storage battery is arranged in the device, so that the device is convenient for field use.
Furthermore, the triangular plate is an equilateral triangle, the side length a is 14cm, the distance between adjacent sampling points is controlled through the side length of the triangular plate, a measuring tool is not needed, and the field operation efficiency is improved.
The invention provides a sampling method for measuring the volume weight of soil, which is easy to operate and less in damage. Has the following advantages:
the area of the alpine meadow damaged in sampling is reduced, and the ecological environment is effectively protected; after sampling is finished, the plant growth environment before damage can be reduced as much as possible, and the soil environment for vegetation growth at sampling points is reduced; the integrity of the root system of the vegetation on the earth surface is effectively protected, and the possibility of regrowth of the vegetation at the sampling point is increased; the time and the work for digging a soil profile are saved, the workload is effectively reduced, and the working efficiency is improved; the problem of small sampling data volume when the volume weight of the soil is measured by adopting a cutting ring method in the prior art can be solved; artificial intervention activities such as shallow ploughing, turf scratching, root cutting and the like are very effective repairing measures for recovering vegetation and soil of the moderately and severely degraded meadow, and meanwhile turf scratching can properly increase the water retention performance of the soil of part of the alpine meadow in rainy seasons.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a sample;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sample;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sample axis.
Detailed Description
A nondestructive alpine meadow soil volume weight determination sampling method comprises the following steps:
(1) set square fixed point
After a measuring sample plot is selected, randomly fixing points by using a set square, vertically driving steel nails into the ground surface at 3 vertexes of the set square respectively, and connecting 3 steel nails by using nylon ropes to form a triangular area;
(2) turf shifting
Vertically cutting and shoveling the earth surface turf in the triangular area by using a soil-taking shovel, shoveling the turf by a depth of 2-3 cm to ensure the integrity of the turf, putting the turf in a clean plastic bag, fastening a pocket, and storing the turf in a dark place to prevent excessive evaporation and loss of water;
(3) cutting ring recovery
Vertically driving the handle with the edge close to the ring into soil by using an iron hammer, taking the ground surface as a reference surface, taking the soil layer by layer, and recovering the ring cutter after the ring cutter is driven to a determined depth; taking out the cutting ring, scraping the floating soil on the upper surface and the lower surface of the cutting ring, immediately placing the soil sample in a storage box, storing the soil sample and the storage box in a wind-proof environment, weighing the weight of the storage box and fresh soil, respectively filling each layer of scraped soil in a clean plastic bag, and storing in a dark place;
(4) soil backfilling: after sampling is finished, pouring the scraped soil collected in the plastic bag into a sampling point layer by layer;
(5) and (3) turf restoration: and after the soil is backfilled, covering the turf filled in the clean plastic bag on the ground surface, taking all the storage boxes back to a laboratory after sampling, drying and weighing, and calculating the volume weight of the soil.
Further, the cutting ring is in an inverted cone shape, the cross section of the cutting ring is a hollow ring, a cutting edge is arranged at the lower part of the cutter body, and the parameter requirement of the cutting ring is that the diameter of the cross section is phi 50-52 mm; height h 50 mm; taking 100 cubes by a cutting ring once. Reduce soil damage and quickly extract soil samples. The inverted cone is convenient for going deep into soil and is also convenient for lifting and taking soil.
The triangular plate and the cutting ring are made of steel and stainless steel. Is convenient for long-term use.
Further, the diameter of the nylon rope is phi 8 mm. On the basis of guaranteeing the connection strength between the steel nails, the technical staff can conveniently carry out the knotting operation by hand.
The storage box is made of aluminum, the weight is conveniently carried, the collection cavity is formed in the storage box, the diameter of the cross section of the collection cavity is phi 55-60 mm, and the height h of the collection cavity is 60-65 mm. Is convenient to be matched with the cutting ring to collect soil.
Further the soil sample is weighed by using an electronic balance, a JA1003 electronic balance of Shanghai Puchun measuring instrument Limited company; the storage battery is arranged in the device, so that the device is convenient for field use.
Furthermore, the triangular plate is an equilateral triangle, the side length a is 14cm, the distance between adjacent sampling points is controlled through the side length of the triangular plate, a measuring tool is not needed, and the field operation efficiency is improved.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more fully, the method of the present invention comprising the steps of:
1) after selecting a measuring sample plot, randomly fixing the point by using a triangular plate (a regular triangular plate, the length is 14 cm);
2) vertically driving steel nails into the ground surface at 3 vertexes of the set square respectively, connecting 3 steel nails by nylon ropes to form 1 triangular area after connection;
3) vertically cutting and slightly shoveling off the surface turf (with the depth of 2-3 cm) in the triangular area by using a soil-taking shovel, ensuring the integrity of the turf as much as possible, filling the turf into a clean plastic bag, fastening a pocket, and storing the turf in a dark place to prevent excessive evaporation (loss) of water;
4) taking the position of 3 steel nails as the circle center of the cutting ring, slightly shoveling off the turf 5 cm around the circle center of the cutting ring, pulling out the steel nails, placing the steel nails in a clean plastic bag, taking a triangular plate as an auxiliary tool, respectively taking the earth surface as a reference surface at 3 fixed points of the triangular plate and the center of the triangular plate, and taking earth according to the measured depth;
5) and (4) taking every 10 cm as a sampling limit in the step 4), vertically driving a 100-cube handle close to the cutting ring into soil by using an iron hammer during sampling, and recovering the cutting ring after the cutting ring is driven to the determined depth. After the cutting ring is taken out from the ground, the upper surface and the lower surface of the cutting ring are scraped by a soil cutting knife, and the soil sample is immediately placed in a corresponding storage box;
6) calculating and weighing actually required soil sample quality according to the measurement indexes (the required soil sample quality can be calculated before the experiment begins, and the specific calculation is omitted because the requirements of different plots are inconsistent and the specific calculation is not the key point of protection in the scheme), scraping redundant soil samples and putting the scraped redundant soil samples into a clean plastic bag;
7) taking out all the soil with the depth measured in the range of the triangular plate after every 10 cm of volume weight in the measuring step 5), uniformly mixing and weighing the required soil sample in the measuring step 6), placing the soil sample in a corresponding aluminum box, scraping the redundant soil, placing the scraped soil in a clean plastic bag, and fastening the plastic bag. Measuring the volume weight of the next 10 cm depth according to the measuring scheme;
8) drying and weighing aluminum boxes used in the determination process before the experiment begins, horizontally placing an electronic balance after a soil sample is placed in the aluminum boxes in a wind-sheltering environment, and weighing and recording the weight (the aluminum boxes and fresh soil);
9) and after sampling according to the determination scheme, pouring the soil of the plastic bag into the sampling points layer by layer, and finally covering the turf on the ground. If the conditions allow, pouring proper amount of water to the damaged turf to recover the turf as soon as possible;
10) and after sampling, all the aluminum boxes are taken back to a laboratory for drying and weighing, and the volume weight of the soil is calculated.
The above-described method is only an example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention may be suitably modified or perfected over the course of long-term practice. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like made within the principle and spirit of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114839102A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-02 | 昆明理工大学 | A method for measuring stagnant water volume of garden herbs |
| CN114964874A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-30 | 青海大学 | Method for sampling ecological soil of alpine grassland |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114839102A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-02 | 昆明理工大学 | A method for measuring stagnant water volume of garden herbs |
| CN114964874A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-30 | 青海大学 | Method for sampling ecological soil of alpine grassland |
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Application publication date: 20210205 |