CN112210480A

CN112210480A - Solar direct heating gas-liquid separation biogas generator

Info

Publication number: CN112210480A
Application number: CN202011228194.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨昆
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-11-06
Filing date: 2020-11-06
Publication date: 2021-01-12

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of biogas generating devices, in particular to a solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator. Fermentation tanks are divided into two types: horizontal barrel type and box type. The biogas generator takes the biogas fermentation tank as the core, including solar heat collection panel components, material resistance ventilation and gas channel components, auxiliary equipment for feeding and discharging, gas conveying control components, and supporting biogas receivers, pressurized bins, etc. In the invention, the piezoresistive fermentation material is floated to separate the gas and liquid and avoid the separation of the material and the liquid, and the fermentation liquid is heated so that the biogas generator can continuously and efficiently produce gas, which can change the conventional gas production after the first charging, which is common in the past. Entering a stagnant state of gas production has become a traditional chronic disease of the sick pool.

Description

Solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of biogas generation devices, in particular to a solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator.

Background

The utilization of the agricultural and animal husbandry byproducts for preparing the biogas is a good matter for comprehensively utilizing multiple purposes, and the development of the biogas is also an important way for establishing a benign ecological environment of agriculture. However, with the change of rural labor force composition and the reduction of individual pig raising, the gradual use of natural gas by conditional farmers, the combination of the 'thick, big, soil and stupid' of the traditional rural biogas digester, the general low gas production efficiency and the actual situation that the gas production is generally poor after the biogas digester is built, the popularization of the rural biogas has been stopped for years and is exciting and lacking.

At present, the main directions of rural straws are returning to fields, discarding and burning. The direct abandonment or returning of the straw (dry rot in dry land) actually generates carbon dioxide as the incineration, but the oxidation process is slow and the combustion is obviously severe. The straw is returned to the field after being retted (or wet-rotted in paddy field), and the more serious greenhouse gas methane is generated to overflow into the atmosphere, which causes the greenhouse effect more than the burning effect. And the direct burning of the straws can quickly generate carbon dioxide and a large amount of smoke dust to pollute the environment, so that the straws are unacceptable to people. In fact, vast farmers even do not have enough cadres in rural areas, and may not know clearly whether the straws are produced or not, and the straws are finally produced with the same amount of carbon dioxide no matter what treatment mode is adopted unless the straws are always sealed and stored in a gas-isolating way (actually impossible). Crop photosynthesis absorbs solar energy, carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide are separated to form an available resource, and the available resource is not wasted but is fully utilized.

The invention of heating the methane tank by solar energy has been invented before, but the invention can not always utilize solar energy to generate electricity for heating, and utilizes solar energy to generate electricity for mechanically stirring fermentation liquor. The methane tank is heated by electricity, the fermentation liquor with large volume and large specific heat cannot be effectively treated no matter the methane tank is directly heated by the electric heating pipe, or pure water is heated firstly and then the fermentation liquor is heated by the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is wound due to scaling of the electric heater under the working condition in the methane tank, so that the methane tank is not suitable for the electric heater or the heat exchanger to work. Therefore, the method of heating the biogas fermentation liquid by using commercial power or photovoltaic power generation is not an economical and feasible method. As for mechanical agitation, any attempt to directly agitate the rag crust or break the rag crust by disturbing the broth is impractical unless the straw is crushed or cut short enough and the agitator power is strong enough, because the agitator must be entangled by the straw and the low intensity agitation of the broth after separation of the feed and liquid at the bottom of the tank is not likely to break the rag crust of the layers of straw fibers. In addition, the relatively high-level power energy is consumed for preparing the methane, and the methane is more unreliable than beef used as fertilizer for planting grains and vegetables.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator which can reduce straw burning, reduce the undesirable emission of greenhouse gas methane overflowing into the atmosphere caused by open stack retting (or directly returning to paddy field) of straws, and promote the rural biogas production to provide clean energy.

The invention provides a solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the biogas fermentation tank is used for fermenting the fermentation material and the fermentation liquid to generate biogas, and comprises a solar heat collection panel externally provided with a transparent heat insulation cover, the periphery of the transparent heat insulation cover is sealed, and only the lowest position of the transparent heat insulation cover is provided with a small hole for pressure relief. In order to receive solar radiation conveniently, the heat collection panel is obliquely arranged relative to the ground; the barrel-shaped tank body is used for forming a fermentation cavity with the solar heat collection panel for containing fermentation materials and fermentation liquor; the heat transfer blades are arranged on one side, facing the fermentation cavity, of the solar heat collection panel and used for conducting heat radiation to fermentation liquor close to the solar heat collection panel to enable the fermentation liquor to be heated and float upwards so as to realize convection circulation.

The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein, biogas fermentation tank is horizontal tubbiness fermentation tank, and the jar body includes: at least one or more standard festival, jar body longitudinal direction east-west is arranged and is unanimous with the length direction of solar energy collection panel, and the tubbiness fermentation cylinder sets up in solar energy collection panel (being the acute angle with ground contained angle) one side back to the sun, and standard festival tubbiness fermentation cylinder one end is the feed end, and the other end is the discharge end, and end to end when many standard festival concatenate. A plurality of water permeable holes are formed in one side, close to the solar heat collection panel, of the standard barrel-shaped fermentation tank, and a fermentation liquor collection area is formed between one side, provided with the water permeable holes, of the barrel-shaped fermentation tank and the solar heat collection panel; the feeding section is arranged at the feeding end of the standard section and is used for adding fermentation liquor and fermentation materials into the standard section; the discharging joint is arranged at the discharging end of the standard joint and is used for discharging tail liquid and slag generated after fermentation of the fermented material; the upper top plate is arranged at the upper part of the fermentation liquor gathering area; the bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation liquid collecting area; the first end plate is arranged at one end, close to the feeding section, of the standard section fermentation liquid collecting area; and the second end plate is arranged at one end of the standard knot fermentation liquor collecting area close to the discharging knot. The solar heat collection panel, the barrel-shaped fermentation tank, the upper top plate and the end plate are all connected in a sealing way. And the material inlet and outlet sections are sealed with the standard section and the standard section by flange connection rubber rings.

The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein, install in every standard festival: the lower convex arc-shaped material-resisting ventilating plate is arranged at the inner top of the standard joint, so that a longitudinal gas channel is formed at the inner top of the standard joint; two (transversely inclined) longitudinal material separating plates are arranged on the lower part of the material blocking ventilating plate in a staggered mode and used for distributing the fermented floating materials.

The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein, the upper part of the feeding section and the whole discharging body are both in a vertical box type structure, the upper opening at the top part of the feeding section is equal in height and is a bit or two meters higher than the upper top surface of the last standard section round barrel body, and the fermentation liquid can not overflow when the produced methane has one meter of fermentation liquid water pressure difference (about ten kilopascals); the feed section top is uncovered upwards, and it has one with feed inlet assorted opening with standard festival joint portion, installs in the feed section: the semi-cylindrical material pressing disc is arranged at the top of the feeding section and is combined with the bottom of a semi-cylinder at the lower part of the feeding section into a barrel with the same section as the barrel body of the standard section in the feeding section when being pressed down to the place; the material pushing disc is arranged at the lower part of the feeding section and opposite to the feeding hole, and is used for pushing the fermented material into the standard section through the cylindrical channel below the material pressing disc; the joint of the discharging section and the standard section is provided with an opening matched with the discharging port, and the opening is provided with a material blocking grid which can slide up and down to open and close to prevent the fermentation material from overflowing.

The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein, the bottom of the first end plate is provided with a large-caliber gate valve for tank cleaning and pollution discharge, and the bottom of the second end plate is provided with a flange valve for installing and maintaining a fermentation liquor pumping sewage submersible pump and a longitudinal infusion tube.

The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein, the standard festival that the joint goes out the material festival installs: the top of the gas collecting pipe is higher than the upper opening of the discharging section and is used for leading out methane; the filter screen is arranged at the joint of the air collecting pipe and the standard joint and is used for preventing the fermentation material from overflowing into the air collecting pipe; and the gas gate valve is arranged above the gas collecting pipe and used for controlling the methane of the gas collecting pipe to be led out.

The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein, biogas fermentation tank is box fermentation tank, and jar body board includes: the bottom plate is arranged on the horizontal bottom surface of the solar heat collection panel on the side back to the sun; the side panel is arranged opposite to the solar heat collection panel and is vertically arranged on the bottom plate; the two end plates are oppositely and vertically arranged at two ends of the solar heat collection panel, the side panel and the bottom plate; so that the solar heat collection panel, the side panel, the bottom plate and the two end plates form a fermentation cavity with an upward opening; the top plate is arranged at the top of the fermentation cavity, the upper surface of the top plate is provided with a gas collection chamber communicated with the fermentation cavity and used for collecting biogas, and the plate is also provided with an opening which can be used for feeding and discharging; or a feeding hole with the upper part outwards and the lower part inwards inclined can be additionally arranged on the side panel, special feeding is carried out, and the upper opening is sealed by a flange when the feeding is not carried out.

The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: wherein, install on the plenum chamber: the gas collecting pipe is vertically arranged upwards and used for leading out the methane; the gas gate valve is arranged above the gas collecting pipe and used for controlling the methane of the gas collecting pipe to be led out; and the water injection valve is used for supplementing water to the fermentation cavity.

The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator provided by the invention also has the following characteristics that: the gas receiver is communicated with the biogas fermentation tank through a gas transmission pipeline and is used for receiving biogas generated by the biogas fermentation tank; the pressurizing bin is used for pressurizing the methane in the gas container; and the water collector is arranged at the lower position of the gas transmission pipeline and used for collecting condensed water in the gas transmission pipeline and preventing the condensed water from forming ice in the gas transmission pipeline so as to block the gas transmission pipeline.

The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator provided by the invention can also have the characteristic that the heat insulation layers are additionally arranged on all surfaces except the solar heat collection panel no matter the tank-shaped fermentation tank or the box-shaped fermentation tank.

The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator provided by the invention also has the following characteristics that: and the temperature monitoring device is arranged in the fermentation cavity and used for monitoring the temperature in the fermentation cavity.

Action and Effect of the invention

According to the solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator, the solar heat collection panel is arranged, so that after being heated, biogas fermentation liquid of the invention is in convection circulation among straw gaps, unpowered stirring of the fermentation liquid is formed, an environment in which straws are fully contacted with the fermentation liquid is created for anaerobic fermentation of biogas, and the pH value of the fermentation liquid in the tank can be balanced in time to avoid the condition that local pH value and alkalinity are too high to influence fermentation.

According to the solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator, the methane generated by fermentation is concentrated to the longitudinal gas channel or the gas collection chamber towards the top of the tank and is conveyed to the gas container through the gas conveying system, so that the gas generated by fermentation can timely leave the fermentation tank, the fermentation material is always soaked completely in a gas-liquid separation mode, the condition that the fermentation material floats upwards and crusts in the total number of the traditional methane tanks without stirrers can be effectively twisted, the methane is prevented from overflowing into the top gas chamber, the fermentation material liquid separation is aggravated by jacking the methane, the fermentation material liquid separation is further hindered, and the vicious circle is formed. Thereby changing the condition that the biogas digester can quickly enter a gas production stagnation state after the first charging and gas outlet, and solving the traditional stubborn problem of the disease state tank of 'bringing into production and bringing back to rest'.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of the sunny side of a horizontal barrel type methane generator in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a back and back view of a horizontal barrel type methane generator according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the discharge end of a horizontal barrel type methane generator in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken along line A-A of the horizontal barrel type biogas generator shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a horizontal longitudinal sectional view B-B of the horizontal barrel type biogas generator of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a cross section of a standard joint of a horizontal barrel type methane generator and a convection direction of fermentation broth in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an internode flange of a horizontal barrel type methane generator according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a water collector in the middle of a gas pipe in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an overall view of the sunny side of the tank-type fermentation tank methane generator in embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of a tank-type fermenter methane generator according to example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the tank-type fermenter biogas generator C-C of FIG. 9 and a schematic view of the direction of convection of the fermentation broth.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is specifically described below by combining the embodiment and the attached drawings.

The definition of each direction in the following examples is as follows: the length (longitudinal) direction of the fermentation tank is defined as the front of the feeding port, the rear of the discharging port, the width (transverse) direction of the fermentation tank is defined as the south side sunny side facing the discharging port, the north side shady side is on the right, and the height (vertical) direction of the fermentation tank is defined as the up-down direction.

< example 1>

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of the sunny side of a horizontal barrel type methane generator in embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a back and back view of a horizontal barrel type methane generator according to example 1 of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the discharge end of a horizontal barrel type methane generator in the embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken along line A-A of the horizontal barrel type biogas generator shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a horizontal longitudinal sectional view B-B of the horizontal barrel type biogas generator of FIG. 3; FIG. 6 is a cross section of a standard section of a horizontal barrel type biogas generator and a convection direction of fermentation broth in example 1 of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides a horizontal barrel type biogas generator, comprising: a horizontal barrel fermenter, a gas receiver (not shown), a pressurizing chamber (not shown), a water collector 28 and a temperature monitoring device (not shown).

The horizontal barrel type fermentation tank is in a horizontal barrel shape, is arranged in the length direction in a east-west mode, is made of steel plates (or stainless steel plates, cast iron and even reinforced concrete) with proper thickness meeting the strength requirement required by the tank body, and is made of the steel plates in the embodiment. The horizontal barrel type fermentation tank consists of a feeding section 2 at two ends, a discharging section 3 and a middle standard section 4. The number of intermediate standard knots 4 determines the length of the fermenter and the volume of the biogas generator. The sizes of the feeding section 2 and the discharging section 3 and the diameter and the length of the middle standard section 4 can be determined according to the functional requirements, the design volume and the site conditions. Because each horizontal barrel type fermentation tank must have a feeding section 2 and a discharging section 3, the more the middle standard sections 4 are, the higher the unilateral gas production rate of the horizontal barrel type fermentation tank is. The horizontal barrel type fermentation tank is suitable for being long and short for commercial (or centralized) gas production, the tank length can be from several meters to dozens of meters (multiple standard sections) according to the conditions of a field and a foundation, the horizontal barrel type fermentation tank is too long or the foundation is not strong, and a flexible transition section can be arranged in the middle to absorb possible settlement difference. The diameter of the tank for commercial (or centralized) gas production is preferably two to three meters. The length of the tank of the household or small-scale molding gas is preferably two to four meters, and the diameter of the tank is preferably about one meter.

The whole horizontal barrel type fermentation tank is characterized in that 1: 100 longitudinal slopes are set on the ground. The middle standard joint is provided with a feed inlet 6 and a discharge outlet 5, wherein the end of the discharge outlet 5 is higher than the end of the feed inlet 6, so that the produced gas can move to the tail end standard joint along the longitudinal gas channel and the fermentation material can be pushed to the discharge outlet 5 from the feed inlet 6.

The horizontal barrel type fermentation tank comprises: the solar energy heat collecting device comprises a solar energy heat collecting panel 7, heat transfer blades 8, a horizontal barrel tank body (consisting of a plurality of middle standard sections 4), a feeding section 2, a discharging section 3, an upper top plate 33, a bottom plate 10 and two end plates 9.

The solar heat collection inclined panel 7 made of steel plates (preferably stainless steel plates with fast heat transfer) is arranged outside the middle standard knot 4 on the side facing the sun, and the inclination of the solar heat collection inclined panel 7 is preferably 45-60 degrees (the specific angle is specifically selected according to the ground latitude). The outer side surface of the solar heat collection inclined panel 7 is coated with a gray black matte coating which is easy to absorb solar radiation and reflects a little, and the inner side of the solar heat collection inclined panel 7 is welded with thin stainless steel plate heat transfer blades 8 which run up and down in a full-seam mode, so that the heat transfer efficiency of the solar heat collection inclined panel 7 to fermentation liquor is improved, and the rigidity of the solar heat collection inclined panel 7 is improved. The thickness and width of the heat transfer blades 8 depend on the stiffness requirements of the solar collector inclined panel 7. The middle standard section 4 closest to the feeding section 2 and the horizontal barrel tank closest to the discharging section 3 are connected into a whole body which is sealed and has no water and gas leakage through an end plate 9 and a bottom plate 10.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an internode flange of a horizontal barrel type methane generator in the embodiment 1 of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 7, the feeding section 2 and the middle standard section 4 closest to the feeding section 2, the discharging section 3 and the middle standard section 4 closest to the discharging section 3, and the standard sections are sealed by a flange 11 and a butt rubber ring 12.

Transparent glass or transparent acrylic (or film) printing opacity heat preservation cover 13 is established to one side that solar energy collection inclined panel 7 faced sunshine to increase panel thermal-arrest effect, printing opacity heat preservation cover stridees across internode flange and arranges the installation in unison after jar body hookup is accomplished, and printing opacity heat preservation cover 13 is peripheral sealed, only establishes a aperture pressure release in the position lowest. The feeding section 2 and the discharging section 3 are not provided with solar heat collection inclined panels. If the tank body is made of reinforced concrete, the tank body and steel parts such as the heat collection inclined panel and the like need to be connected in a proper and sealing mode.

Grounding reinforcing ribs 14 are arranged at intervals on the shady side of the horizontal barrel tank body. The bottom, the top and the back-shadow side of each standard joint 4 as well as the outer surfaces of the feeding joint 2 and the discharging joint 3 are respectively provided with an insulating layer 15, for example, the tank body is back to slope, and the insulating layer at the position can be simplified correspondingly when the side close to the slope can be filled with soil for heat preservation.

The width of the bottom plate 10 is from the front to the bottom of the solar heat collection inclined panel 7 and is welded and sealed with the same, and from the rear to the landing point of the bottom of the horizontal barrel tank body and is welded and sealed with the same.

The horizontal drum tank body is provided with enough number of water-permeable circular holes with the diameter of 15-25 mm from the connecting point of the horizontal drum tank body and the top plate 33 of the upper part to the part of the tank wall (the sunny side) between the connecting point of the horizontal drum tank body and the bottom plate 10, the upper half part of the lower half part adopts a big hole and a small hole, so that after the cold fermentation liquor receives the heat of the heat transfer blades 8, the cold fermentation liquor is heated and floats upwards to enter the upper part of the horizontal drum tank body, and after the horizontal drum tank body passes through a straw gap for heat exchange and temperature reduction, the cold fermentation liquor sinks along the back and back surface of the horizontal drum tank body to. The convection is continued in such a cycle, and the temperature of the material and the liquid in the whole fermentation tank can be improved while the unpowered stirring of the fermentation liquid is completed.

The top in the horizontal barrel body is provided with a material blocking ventilating plate 16 with a radian opposite to that of the barrel along each standard section 4 in the length direction, small holes with the diameter not more than 15 millimeters are densely distributed on the material blocking ventilating plate 16, the material blocking ventilating plates 16 of each middle standard section 4 are independently arranged, and the sections are abutted to reduce straw jamming but do not need mechanical connection. In order to prevent the gas accumulation at the lower concave position of the connection between the edge of the material-blocking ventilating plate and the tank body and reduce the effective fermentation volume of the tank body, a gap is required to be reserved on the edge of the ventilating plate at the connection part of the material-blocking ventilating plate 16 and the tank body so as to facilitate the overflow of the gas without accumulation. The material blocking and ventilating plate 16 blocks the floating material to make the fermented material soaked completely, and the longitudinal gas channel 17 on the top of the tank body and the top of the tank body are enclosed by two opposite arcs to form a longitudinal gas channel 17 of the tank top (without straw), so that the longitudinal gas channel 17 is closed at the discharge port end of the last middle standard section to prevent gas overflow. The gas produced in the tank is collected to a gas collecting pipe 18 and a gas gate valve 19 at the top of the last standard section through a longitudinal gas channel after overflowing, and then is conveyed to a gas receiver, is pressurized by a pressurizing bin, is dried and desulfurized and then is used or stored or is directly used. The marsh gas produced by the household small marsh gas generator with three middle standard sections can be directly used.

The lower surface of the material blocking and ventilating plate 16 is provided with a longitudinal material distributing plate 20. The longitudinal material distributing plate 20 is inclined at a small angle from left to right, and the left material distributing plate and the right material distributing plate are arranged in a left-to-right staggered mode and are not connected end to end, so that straw floating materials floating on the upper floating top and resisting the bottom of the material blocking ventilating plate 16 are distributed and loosened from left to right when longitudinal feeding is pushed, and accordingly the blockage to gas overflow is reduced.

The horizontal barrel body is composed of a plurality of middle standard sections 4, and the two end standard sections are respectively connected with the feeding section 2 and the discharging section 3 through flanges 11 of the feeding port 6 and the discharging port 5. The number of the middle standard knots 4 is determined according to the required fermentation volume, and each generator is provided with at least one middle standard knot 4 and then increases by taking two knots as a unit. And one of the two added middle standard knots is provided with a reinforcing rib 14 at two ends, and the middle standard knot 4 with the reinforcing rib 14 and the common middle standard knot 4 are arranged at intervals to ensure that the tank body is stably supported. A reliable foundation for ensuring that the tank body does not have uneven settlement needs to be arranged below the whole fermentation tank.

The two ends of the horizontal barrel body are respectively connected with a feeding section 2 and a discharging section 3. The upper parts of the feeding section 2 and the discharging section 3 are both vertical box-type structures, and are respectively a feeding hopper 21 and a discharging hopper 22. The upper openings of the feed hopper 21 and the discharge hopper 22 are kept at the same horizontal height, and the upper openings of the feed hopper 21 and the discharge hopper 22 are a bit or two meters higher than the upper top surface of the last standard pitch round barrel body so as to ensure that the fermentation liquor does not overflow when the produced methane has one meter of water pressure difference (about ten kilopascals) of the fermentation liquor. The upper openings of the feed hopper 21 and the discharge hopper 22 are both provided with covers so as to cover when no feeding and discharging operation is carried out. The lower parts of the feeding section 2 and the discharging section 3 and the feeding port 6 and the discharging port 5 at the end parts of the (initial and final) end standard section 4 are sealed by a flange 11 and a connecting rubber ring 12. The depth of each upper section of the barrel body inserted into the lower section exceeds the cross-sectional diameter of the rubber ring by 3 cm. If the diameter of the seal ring is 3 cm in transverse section, the length of the overlap between two sections is not less than 6 cm, and the rest transverse sections are analogized. The discharging section 3 has a simple structure, and can conveniently extract tail liquid and fish out residual materials. A material blocking grid 32 which can move up and down to open and close is arranged outside the discharge port 6 in the discharge section 3 and is used for blocking the floating materials from overflowing when the materials are not discharged. The bottom of the discharging section 3 is box-shaped. The bottom of the feeding section 3 is in a semicircular barrel shape with the same radian as the lower half part of the feeding hole 5 of the initial standard section, so that the feeding section and the arc-shaped pressing disc 23 are combined into a shape which is the same as that of the feeding hole 5, and then the straw fermentation material is pushed to the feeding hole by the material pushing disc 24.

The feeding hopper 21 is internally provided with an arc-shaped material pressing disc 23 which moves vertically and a circular material ejecting disc 24 which moves longitudinally, the material pressing disc and the material ejecting disc of the commercial fermentation tank are powered by a hydraulic ejector rod 25, and the stroke of the ejector rod is determined according to the feeding hopper 21 with different sizes.

A large-caliber gate valve 27 is arranged at the bottom of the triangular area of the first end plate 9 of the starting end standard section and is used for cleaning a tank and discharging sewage. A flange valve 31 is arranged at the bottom of the triangular area of the second end plate 9 of the last end standard section and is used for installing and maintaining a fermentation liquid pumping sewage submersible pump 26 to pump fermentation tail liquid from the discharge port end and convey the fermentation tail liquid to the feed port end through a longitudinal liquid conveying pipe 30 so as to inoculate fermentation materials newly entering the tank.

The upper part of the standard joint at the last end of the horizontal barrel tank body is close to the discharge joint, a section of metal air gathering pipe 18 with the diameter not less than 150 mm is vertically arranged, a filter screen is arranged below the air gathering pipe to prevent floating materials in the tank from overflowing, the air gathering pipe is connected with a longitudinal air channel at the top of the tank, and the upper end of the air gathering pipe is connected with an air gate valve 19. The height of the air collecting pipe 18 is required to ensure that the top level is higher than that of the feed hopper 21 and the discharge hopper 22. The gas gate valve 19 is connected to a gas transmission pipeline, and the gas is transmitted from the gas transmission pipeline to the gas receiver. In other embodiments, the biogas may be used without providing a gas receiver.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water collector in the middle of a gas pipe in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

As shown in figure 8, a gas receiver and a pressurizing bin are arranged at proper positions which are not far away from the fermentation tank, and a middle water collector 28 of a gas transmission pipe is arranged at each low position of the gas transmission pipe which is slightly far away from the gas transmission distance so as to prevent the condensed water from forming ice to block the gas transmission pipe and prevent overpressure methane in the tank from overflowing. The gas receiver can be in the form of a gas bag made of soft film materials or a gas-tight hard structure gas chamber in the form of metal, masonry, reinforced concrete and the like. The pressurizing bin can adopt various pressurizing modes as long as the pressure difference of one meter of fermentation is achieved and is not more than about ten kilopascals.

The fermentation tank needs to set up jar interior feed liquid temperature measuring device in tank deck suitable position to the feed liquid temperature in the control jar prevents the overtemperature. When the temperature of the feed liquid exceeds 50 ℃, the heat collection panel can be covered by the longitudinal part of the sunshade net to prevent the feed liquid from further heating.

The biogas generator provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the gas container, the pressurizing bin and the gas pipeline are strictly forbidden to open fire along the line. And open fire or equipment capable of generating electric sparks is strictly forbidden from entering the emptied methane generator. Except for no water and no material and reliable ventilation, all personnel are prohibited from entering the used fermentation tank.

Before the horizontal barrel type methane generator is charged for the first time, activated sludge water (preferably a small amount of human and animal manure liquid is doped) which exceeds half height of the tank body is injected into the tank body in advance, a material blocking grid 32 at a discharging port 5 is closed, a feeding port cover and an arc-shaped material pressing disc 23 are opened, the arc-shaped material pressing disc 23 is pressed down to a set (limit point) position after fermentation dry materials are fed into a full bin, and then the fermentation dry materials are pushed into a feeding port 6 of the fermentation tank body by a round material pushing disc 24, so that feeding action is realized. And (5) repeatedly carrying out feeding action until the first full-bin charging is completed. After the dry materials are filled fully and the top is filled fully, water is added to overflow to a position which is not more than 10 cm below the upper opening of the discharge hopper, and in order to prevent the overflow of the methane caused by the over-low liquid level in the upper tank, attention needs to be paid to timely liquid adding to maintain the liquid level of the discharge opening 5 to be not lower than the height. Before any kind of feeding, discharging or liquid pumping and water adding operation is carried out in the horizontal barrel type methane generator, the gas gate valve 19 needs to be closed. And (3) adding feeding materials subsequently, extracting partial tail liquid and taking out slag materials from the discharge port 5 according to requirements, and adding a corresponding amount of new materials. When and how much tail liquid and slag are extracted, and fresh material is added, or only fresh material is added without slag, according to the fermented degree of the fermented material at the discharge port 5.

The above-mentioned fermented dry material is obtained by soaking and compacting the straw material with water (or thin manure liquid, particularly weak alkaline water added with lime can destroy wax shells on the straw surface) for several days to harden the straw material (for example, under commercial conditions, mechanical compacting is firstly used for compacting into blocks).

< example 2>

FIG. 9 is an overall view of the sunny side of the tank-type fermentation tank methane generator in embodiment 2 of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of a tank-type fermenter methane generator according to example 2 of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the tank-type fermenter biogas generator C-C of FIG. 9 and a schematic view of the direction of convection of the fermentation broth.

As shown in fig. 9 to 11, the present embodiment provides a tank type fermenter biogas generator, comprising: a box-type fermentation tank 101, a gas receiver (not shown), a pressurizing chamber (not shown), a water collector 28, and a temperature monitoring device (not shown).

The tank-type fermentation tank 101 includes: a solar heat collection inclined panel 7 and a fermentation tank body (consisting of a bottom plate, two end plates, a side plate and a top plate). Wherein, two end plates, side plate and ground are perpendicular, and bottom plate and roof and ground parallel arrangement.

The fermentation tank body and the solar heat collection inclined panel 7 are made of steel plates (or stainless steel plates, even reinforced concrete) with the thickness required by the size and the strength of the tank body. The tank body has the size of 2 m in length, 1 m in width and height and slightly more than 2 cubic meters in volume, so that the tank is convenient to transport and install by users. The solar heat collecting inclined panel 7 is made of a steel plate (preferably a stainless steel plate with fast heat transfer), and the inclination of the panel is preferably 45-60 degrees. The outer side surface of the inclined panel is coated with a gray black matte coating which is easy to absorb sunlight radiation, less reflects and less radiates, and the inner side of the panel is welded with thin stainless steel plate heat transfer blades 8 which run up and down in a full seam mode so as to increase the heat transfer efficiency of the inclined panel to fermentation liquor and improve the plane rigidity of the inclined panel. The thickness and width of the heat transfer blades 8 depend on the stiffness requirements of the inclined panels. If necessary, the inner sides of the other three vertical side surfaces of the tank body can be provided with vertical reinforcing ribs 14, and the lower part of the outer side of the tank body can be provided with transverse reinforcing ribs 14 to increase the rigidity of the tank body. The outside of the inclined panel is provided with a transparent glass or transparent acrylic (or film) light-transmitting heat-insulating cover 13 to increase the heat collection effect of the panel.

A (feeding) and discharging port 505 with the diameter not less than 50 cm is arranged at a position 10 cm away from the side of the central line of the top of the fermentation tank body. If the feed inlet 606 is not arranged, the feed inlet and the discharge outlet have the functions of feeding and discharging. A feed port 606 can also be additionally arranged so as to supplement and add semi-finished (or green and fresh) materials in the middle. When the feed inlet is arranged, the distance (height) from the upper edge of the feed inlet to the bottom of the fermentation tank is not more than 200 mm.

The material inlet and outlet and the material inlet are sealed by flange rubber rings. The half of the tank top at the opposite side of the fermentation tank top (inlet) and outlet 505 is provided with an air collection chamber 34 which is protruded upwards and has the diameter of 20 cm and 50 cm, and a tank top steel plate below the air collection chamber 34 is densely provided with small holes with the diameter not more than 15 mm, so that the function of pressing and blocking floating materials to enable the fermentation materials to be fully soaked in the whole process and overflow methane can be achieved. The gas collecting pipe 18 with the height of 20 cm and the diameter of not less than 15 cm and the gas gate valve 19 are vertically arranged on the gas collecting chamber 34. The gas produced in the tank is collected into the gas collection chamber 34 after overflowing, and is conveyed to the gas receiver after passing through the gas collection pipe 18 and the gas gate valve 19 and is pressurized by the pressurization bin for direct use. And may be stored when necessary. A water injection valve 35 is arranged below the gas gate valve 19 on the gas collecting pipe 18 so as to supplement water into the fermentation tank body when the gas gate valve 19 is closed.

When feeding or discharging or adding fermentation liquor, the gas gate valve 19 is closed to isolate the fermentation tank from the pressure gas container, so that the fermentation tank is depressurized and then the discharge port 505 (or the feed port 606) is opened, and then feeding or adding fermentation liquor is carried out.

If the tank body is made of reinforced concrete, the tank body and steel parts such as the heat collection inclined panel 7 need to be connected in a proper and sealing mode.

The tank body outside the heat collection inclined panel 7 comprises a discharge port and a feed port, and a heat insulation layer 15 is required to be arranged outside the feed port, if the tank body is arranged back to slope, the heat insulation layer at the position can be simplified correspondingly when soil can be filled on one side close to the slope for heat insulation.

The low-temperature fermentation liquid behind the inclined panel 7 receives heat of the heat transfer blade 8, rises to the upper part of the fermentation tank, passes through straw gaps for heat exchange and cooling, sinks along the shady surface of the fermentation tank, enters the bottom of the fermentation tank again to wait for the floating by heating, and then completes convection circulation (as shown in figure 11). The convection is continued in such a cycle, and the temperature of the material and the liquid in the whole fermentation tank is improved.

The new feed is fed with straw material which is soaked and compacted in advance. Because the volume of the straw is reduced after soaking and fermenting, if a feed inlet is arranged, a plurality of times of half-cooked (or green and fresh) materials can be supplemented and added in the interval period of twice 'full-in full-out' materials, so that the full-fermentation utilization efficiency is improved.

And a large-caliber gate valve 27 is arranged at the bottom of other proper vertical surfaces outside the heat collection panel of the fermentation tank and is used for cleaning and discharging the tank.

A gas container and a pressurizing bin are arranged at a proper position which is not far away from the fermentation tank, and a middle water collector 28 of the gas conveying pipe is arranged at each low position point of the gas conveying pipe when the gas conveying distance is slightly far away so as to prevent the gas conveying pipe from being blocked by the condensed water which is formed into ice. The gas receiver can be in the form of a gas bag made of soft film materials or a gas-tight hard structure gas chamber in the form of metal, masonry and reinforced concrete. The pressurizing bin can adopt various pressurizing modes, and only needs to reach and not exceed one meter of fermentation hydraulic pressure difference, about ten kilopascals.

The tank body can be individually designed by adjusting the dimensions of the box-type fermentation tank in all directions according to special terrain conditions.

The longitudinal length of the tank body can be shortened to the state that the discharge hole 505 and the air collecting chamber 34 are arranged closely, even the two are combined into one. When the (inlet) and outlet opening 505 and the gas collection chamber 34 are combined, the tank top steel plate with the diameter not larger than 15 mm densely distributed under the original gas collection chamber 34 is the bottom of a new combined piece, the bottom can play a role of pressing and blocking floating materials to enable the fermentation materials to be fully soaked in the whole process and overflow biogas, the item which protrudes upwards from the upper part of the gas collection chamber 34 by 20 cm and has the diameter of 50 cm and is vertically provided with a gas collection pipe is the top of the combined piece and is also the (inlet) and outlet opening cover, and the peripheral flange of the (inlet) and outlet opening cover is the peripheral flange of the combined piece.

The lateral depth of the tank body can be deepened or shallowed. The lower limit of the shallow depth is the dimension of the tank top which can meet the requirements of arranging the discharge port 505 and the gas collecting chamber 34. The depth of the heating plate is not more than one time of the original dimension so as to avoid affecting the heat collection and heating effects.

The height of the tank body can be increased, but the increase of the tank body increases the side pressure of the tank bottom liquid to the tank wall, and the material thickness must be increased to deal with the side pressure, so that the manufacturing cost is increased, and therefore, the measurement and calculation are designed and implemented after selecting proper dimensions.

When the box-type fermentation tank methane generator is filled with materials, the material inlet and outlet are opened, and after the fermentation dry materials are filled in the full bin and compacted, the tank body is filled with activated sludge water (preferably a small amount of human and animal manure liquid is mixed in the activated sludge water). And when the materials are changed from the whole inlet to the whole outlet later, taking out the slag materials and extracting part of fermentation liquor, and leaving half of the fermentation liquor for inoculation. The time when the "full feed and full discharge" is selected depends on the degree of fermentation of the fermented material. Because the volume of the straw is reduced after soaking and fermenting, if a feed inlet is arranged, a plurality of times of half-cooked (or green and fresh materials) can be supplemented and added in the interval period of twice 'full-in full-out' materials, and water is supplemented at a proper time, so that the full-tank fermentation efficiency is improved.

The above-mentioned preparation method of the fermented dry material is the same as that of example 1, and is not described in detail.

Effects and effects of the embodiments

According to the solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator, the solar heat collection panel is arranged, so that biogas fermentation liquid is heated and circulated and convected among straw gaps, unpowered stirring of the fermentation liquid is completed, an environment where straws are fully contacted with the fermentation liquid is created for biogas anaerobic fermentation, and the pH value of the fermentation liquid in the tank can be balanced in time to avoid the condition that local pH value and alkalinity are too high to influence fermentation.

According to the solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator related to the embodiment, because the methane generated by fermentation is concentrated to the longitudinal gas channel or the gas collection chamber towards the top of the tank and is conveyed to the gas container through the gas conveying system, the embodiment can enable the generated gas to leave the fermentation tank in time, so that the fermentation material is always soaked completely in a gas-liquid separation mode, the condition that the fermentation material floats upwards and crusts in the total number of the traditional methane tanks without stirrers can be effectively twisted, the methane is prevented from overflowing into the top gas chamber, the methane is jacked up to intensify the separation of the fermentation material and the material liquid, the fermentation is further hindered, and the vicious circle is formed. Thereby changing the condition that the biogas digester can quickly enter a gas production stagnation state after the first charging and gas outlet, and solving the traditional stubborn problem of the disease state tank of 'bringing into production and bringing back to rest'.

According to the solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator, because the solar heat collection panel and the heat transfer blades are arranged, the embodiment does not use a medium to indirectly transfer heat, but adopts a mode of directly heating the methane fermentation liquid, so that the methane generator is more effective in practice, the equipment manufacturing cost is low, and the failure rate is low. The heating plate does not exceed the high temperature of boiling water, so scaling is not easy, the heat transfer blades are vertically arranged and are not wound, the later maintenance is convenient, the power consumption is almost avoided, and the popularization in rural areas is relatively feasible and easier.

According to the solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator related to the embodiment, because the materials of all the components are made of steel, the traditional form of 'thick, big, soil and stupid' of a rural methane tank is thoroughly changed while water and gas leakage of the tank body are avoided, and domestic surplus steel production capacity is fully utilized.

According to the horizontal barrel type biogas generator of the embodiment 1, since the tank body can be composed of a plurality of standard sections, the length (volume) of the fermentation tank can be determined by increasing or decreasing the arrangement of the standard sections according to the functional requirements, the design volume and the site conditions. Although the generators are different, the components are the same, so that the possibility of manufacturing large-scale methane generators in batches by factories after the standardized design is provided. The method can improve the manufacturing quality, reduce the site construction time, facilitate later maintenance and accessory replacement, and greatly save the construction cost.

According to the solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator related to the embodiment, the fermentation tank structure in the embodiment can be used for fermenting the straws in a high feed-liquid ratio mode, so that the conventional low feed-liquid ratio (1: 9 or even lower) and a methane fermentation batching mode mainly comprising animal manure are changed, the straws are fermented in a high feed-liquid ratio (3: 7 or more, if pressed straws are adopted), the fermented feed liquid is directly heated by solar energy, and the fermentation activity of hydrogen producing bacteria, acetogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria is improved by improving the temperature of the feed liquid, so that the gas production efficiency of the methane generator is greatly improved.

In addition, the above embodiment can also determine the time of the feeding and discharging linkage operation or the frequency and quantity of the supplement feeding which can only feed but can not feed between two times of feeding and discharging linkage operation by observing the fermentation degree of the fermented material so as to keep the full-tank full material continuous gas making.

The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type methane generator is characterized by comprising:

a biogas fermentation tank for fermenting the fermentation material and the fermentation liquid to generate biogas,

wherein, biogas fermentation tank includes:

the solar heat collection panel is externally provided with a transparent heat preservation cover and is used for receiving solar radiation, and the solar heat collection panel is obliquely arranged relative to the ground;

the tank body plate is used for forming a fermentation cavity for containing the fermentation material and the fermentation liquid together with the solar heat collection panel;

the heat transfer blades are arranged on one side, facing the fermentation cavity, of the solar heat collection panel and used for conducting the heat radiation to fermentation liquor close to the solar heat collection panel, so that the fermentation liquor in the fermentation cavity generates temperature difference convection circulation to achieve unpowered stirring of the fermentation liquor.

2. The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that:

wherein, biogas fermentation tank includes:

the fermentation tank comprises at least one standard section and a plurality of fermentation tanks, wherein the standard section comprises a solar heat collection panel and a horizontal barrel-shaped fermentation tank, the extension direction of the standard section is consistent with the length direction of the solar heat collection panel, the horizontal barrel-shaped fermentation tank is arranged on one side of the back shadow of the solar heat collection panel, one end of the horizontal barrel-shaped fermentation tank is provided with a feed inlet, the other end of the horizontal barrel-shaped fermentation tank is provided with a discharge outlet, one side of the horizontal barrel-shaped fermentation tank, which is close to the solar heat collection panel, is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes, and therefore a fermentation liquid collection area is formed between one side of;

the feeding section is arranged at the discharge port and used for adding the fermentation liquid and the fermentation material into the horizontal barrel-shaped fermentation tank;

the discharging joint is arranged at the discharging hole and used for discharging the fermentation liquid, tail liquid and slag charge generated after fermentation of the fermentation material;

the upper top plate is arranged at the upper part of the fermentation liquor gathering area;

the bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation liquid collecting area;

the first end plate is arranged at one end, close to the feeding section, of the fermentation liquid collecting area of the standard section; and

and the second end plate is arranged at one end, close to the discharging section, of the fermentation liquid collecting area of the standard section.

3. The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator according to claim 2, characterized in that:

wherein, every install in the horizontal tubbiness fermentation cylinder:

the material blocking and ventilating plate is arranged at the inner top of the horizontal barrel-shaped fermentation tank, so that a longitudinal gas channel is formed at the inner top of the horizontal barrel-shaped fermentation tank, and the gas generated by the longitudinal gas channel leaves the fermentation tank at any time, so that gas-liquid separation is realized, and the fermentation material is soaked in the fermentation liquid in the whole process;

and the two longitudinal material distributing plates are arranged at the lower parts of the material blocking and ventilating plates in a staggered manner and are used for distributing the fermentation materials floating on the surface of the fermentation liquid.

4. The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator according to claim 2, characterized in that:

wherein the feeding section is of a vertical box type structure, the top of the feeding section is higher than that of the standard section, the top of the feeding section is provided with an opening, the bottom of the feeding section is provided with an opening matched with the feeding port,

the feeding section is internally provided with:

the material pressing disc is in a semicircular barrel shape, is arranged at the opening at the top of the feeding section, is used for pressing the fermented material from the top of the feeding section to the height which is the same as the upper part of the feeding hole of the standard section, and is combined with the cylindrical bottom of the feeding section to form a cylindrical channel with the same section as the horizontal cylindrical fermentation tank of the standard section;

and the material pushing disc is in a disc shape matched with the feeding hole, is arranged at the position, opposite to the feeding hole, of the bottom of the feeding section and is used for pushing the fermentation material into the standard section through the barrel-shaped channel.

5. The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator according to claim 2, characterized in that:

the bottom of the first end plate is provided with a large-caliber gate valve for tank cleaning and sewage disposal; and a flange valve is arranged at the bottom of the second end plate and is used for installing and maintaining a fermentation liquor pumping sewage submersible pump and a longitudinal liquid conveying pipe.

6. The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator according to claim 2, wherein,

wherein, the standard festival that is closest to the material discharging festival installs:

the gas collecting pipe is higher than the discharging section and the feeding section and is used for guiding out the methane;

the filter screen is arranged at the joint of the bottom of the air collecting pipe and the standard knot and is used for preventing the fermentation material from overflowing into the air conveying passage; and

and the gas gate valve is arranged on the gas transmission channel at the upper end of the gas collecting pipe and used for cutting off the communication between the fermentation tank and the gas container.

7. The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator according to claim 1, wherein,

wherein the biogas fermentation tank is a box-type fermentation tank,

the tank panel includes:

the bottom plate is horizontally arranged on the ground at the back shadow side of the solar heat collection panel;

the side panel is arranged opposite to the solar heat collection panel and is vertically arranged on the bottom plate;

the two end plates are oppositely and vertically arranged at two ends of the solar heat collection panel, the side panel and the bottom plate, so that the solar heat collection panel, the side panel, the bottom plate and the two end plates form a fermentation cavity with an upward opening;

the top plate is arranged at the top of the fermentation cavity, the upper surface of the top plate is provided with a gas collection chamber communicated with the fermentation cavity and used for collecting biogas, and the top plate is also provided with a material inlet/outlet.

8. The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator according to claim 7, wherein,

wherein, install on the plenum chamber:

the gas collecting pipe vertically extends upwards and is used for leading out the methane;

the gas gate valve is arranged on the gas collecting pipe and is used for isolating the communication between the fermentation tank and the gas container when feeding, discharging and supplementing water to the fermentation cavity; and the number of the first and second groups,

and the water injection valve is used for supplementing water to the fermentation cavity in the middle of fermentation.

9. The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator according to claim 7, characterized in that:

wherein, the side panel is provided with a feeding channel, the opening of the feeding channel is upward, the bottom of the feeding channel is inclined towards the fermentation cavity,

and a flange used for sealing the opening when the material is not fed is arranged at the opening of the feeding channel.

10. The solar direct-heating gas-liquid separation type biogas generator according to claim 1, further comprising:

the gas receiver is communicated with the biogas fermentation tank through a gas transmission pipeline and is used for receiving biogas generated by the biogas fermentation tank;

a pressurizing bin for pressurizing the biogas in the gas container; and

and the water collector is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline and is used for collecting condensed water in the gas transmission pipeline and preventing water from freezing in the gas transmission pipeline so as to block the gas transmission pipeline.