CN112186284A - Smelting method of lead paste of lead-acid storage battery - Google Patents
Smelting method of lead paste of lead-acid storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112186284A CN112186284A CN202010947943.0A CN202010947943A CN112186284A CN 112186284 A CN112186284 A CN 112186284A CN 202010947943 A CN202010947943 A CN 202010947943A CN 112186284 A CN112186284 A CN 112186284A
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 122
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007603 infrared drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000010637 Aquaporins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010063290 Aquaporins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
- C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种铅酸蓄电池铅膏的冶炼方法，包括以下步骤：对废旧铅酸蓄电池进行处理，得到废旧铅膏；将废旧铅膏压平，然后依次对压平的铅膏进行干燥处理和粉碎处理；将粉碎后的铅膏以及复合脱硫剂送入反应容器中进行脱硫处理，得到脱硫铅膏。本发明所述的一种铅酸蓄电池铅膏的冶炼方法，本发明破碎后的极板组进行磁选除掉部分金属物质，然后根据浮力进一步处理掉杂物，最后采用水力分离的方式分离出铅膏，处理后的铅膏中的杂质较少，冶炼的时间较短，消耗的能源较少，而且冶炼时铅渣的损失量比较少，铅渣的回收率高，提高了冶炼直收率，而且处理过程比较简单，适合大规模处理，而且铅酸蓄电池处理效率高，带来更好的使用前景。
The invention discloses a method for smelting lead-acid battery lead paste, comprising the following steps: treating waste and old lead-acid batteries to obtain waste and old lead paste; flattening the waste and old lead paste, and then drying the flattened lead paste in sequence and pulverizing treatment; the pulverized lead paste and composite desulfurizing agent are sent into a reaction vessel for desulfurization treatment to obtain desulfurized lead paste. In the method for smelting lead paste of a lead-acid battery according to the present invention, the broken pole plate group is subjected to magnetic separation to remove some metal substances, and then the sundries are further processed according to buoyancy, and finally separated by hydraulic separation. Lead paste, the treated lead paste contains less impurities, the smelting time is shorter, the energy consumption is less, and the loss of lead slag during smelting is relatively small, the recovery rate of lead slag is high, and the direct yield of smelting is improved. , and the treatment process is relatively simple, suitable for large-scale treatment, and the lead-acid battery has high treatment efficiency, which brings better prospects for use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of storage battery recovery, in particular to a method for smelting lead plaster of a lead-acid storage battery.
Background
In recent years, with increasing concern about environmental issues, countries have adopted increasingly strict hazardous waste management systems to control heavy metal-containing waste, and dead batteries are one of them. Therefore, people are prompted to explore a proper technical method for treating the wastes, and research and develop a method for smelting lead paste of the lead-acid storage battery in order to better treat the lead-acid storage battery and recover the lead-acid storage battery;
the existing lead-acid storage battery lead plaster smelting method has certain defects in use, firstly, the existing lead-acid storage battery lead plaster is usually disassembled in a manual direct disassembling mode, then crushing and screening are carried out, the condition that components are blocked in sieve pores can occur in the direct screening process, the screening efficiency is low, secondly, impurities contained in the lead plaster are more in the smelting process of the existing lead-acid storage battery lead plaster, the smelting time is longer, more energy is consumed, and the use requirements of people cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for smelting lead plaster of a lead-acid storage battery, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a smelting method of lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the waste lead-acid storage battery to obtain waste lead plaster;
(2) flattening the waste lead plaster, and then sequentially drying and crushing the flattened lead plaster;
(3) feeding the crushed lead plaster and the composite desulfurizer into a reaction container for desulfurization treatment to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
(4) and feeding the desulfurized lead plaster and the carbon powder into a mixer for mixing, and feeding the mixed mixture into a lead plaster smelting furnace for smelting.
Preferably, the treatment of the waste lead-acid storage battery in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
firstly, disassembling a waste lead-acid storage battery, and removing a shell to obtain a plate group;
secondly, conveying the electrode plate group into a crusher for crushing, and carrying out magnetic separation to obtain particles;
thirdly, the particles are sent into a water tank to remove the floating objects on the water surface;
fourthly, sending the sediment in the water tank into a hydraulic separator for hydraulic separation;
fifthly, sending the product of the hydraulic separation into a washing machine for washing to obtain the lead plaster.
Preferably, the thickness of the pressed waste lead plaster in the step (2) is 0.5-1cm, and the pressed waste lead plaster is cut into lead plaster with the volume of 20-30cm3Is in the form of a block.
Preferably, the massive waste lead plaster is sent into an infrared drying box for drying when the waste lead plaster is dried in the step (2), the drying temperature is 100-120 ℃, the drying time is 20-30min, and the crushed waste lead plaster is 120-150 meshes.
Preferably, the desulfurization treatment in step (3) is carried out by stirring and heating, and the detection is carried out by using a barium chloride solution until the reaction is completed.
Preferably, the heating is carried out in a water bath mode, the temperature of the water bath is 60-70 ℃, the stirring is carried out by using an electromagnetic stirrer, and the stirring speed of the electromagnetic stirrer is 60-80 r/min.
Preferably, a dryer is adopted to dry the desulfurized lead plaster in the step (4) before mixing, the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, the drying time is 20-30min, the mixed carbon powder is 200 meshes, and the mixed carbon powder is 5-7% of the mass of the desulfurized lead plaster.
Preferably, the preheating is carried out before the smelting in the lead plaster smelting furnace in the step (4), the mixture is added when the preheating is carried out to the temperature of 100-.
Preferably, the breaker includes the organism, the inside of organism has set gradually broken case, magnetic separation case and water tank by last to lower, the discharge gate of broken case is connected with the feed inlet of magnetic separation case, the material export of magnetic separation case is connected with the upper end of water tank, the upper end surface of organism is provided with the feeder hopper with broken case intercommunication, the inside of organism is provided with row's material pipe, arrange the upper end of material pipe and be connected with the metal discharge gate of magnetic separation case, one side surface of water tank is provided with the bin outlet, the one end of bin outlet runs through the organism, the surface of water tank is provided with the vibrator
Compared with the prior art, the method for smelting the lead plaster of the lead-acid storage battery has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the broken pole plate group is subjected to magnetic separation to remove part of metal substances, then impurities are further treated according to buoyancy, and finally the lead plaster is separated by adopting a hydraulic separation mode, so that the treated lead plaster has fewer impurities, the treatment process is simple, the lead plaster is suitable for large-scale treatment, and the treatment efficiency of a lead-acid storage battery is high;
the lead plaster separated by the method has the advantages of less impurities, shorter smelting time, less consumed energy, less loss of lead slag during smelting, high recovery rate of the lead slag, improvement of direct smelting yield, simple smelting method of the lead plaster of the whole lead-acid storage battery, convenient operation, better use effect compared with the traditional mode, lower cost and convenience for mass production of people.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall process flow diagram of a lead paste smelting method for a lead-acid storage battery according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is an overall structural view of a crusher for a lead paste smelting method of a lead-acid storage battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial structure diagram of the inside of a crusher for a lead paste smelting method of a lead-acid storage battery according to the invention.
In the figure: 1. a body; 2. a crushing box; 3. a magnetic separation box; 4. a water tank; 5. a discharge pipe; 6. a vibrator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A smelting method of lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the waste lead-acid storage battery to obtain waste lead plaster;
the treatment of the waste lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
firstly, disassembling a waste lead-acid storage battery, and removing a shell to obtain a plate group;
secondly, conveying the electrode plate group into a crusher for crushing, and carrying out magnetic separation to obtain particles;
thirdly, the particles are sent into a water tank to remove the floating objects on the water surface;
fourthly, sending the sediment in the water tank into a hydraulic separator for hydraulic separation;
fifthly, sending the product of the hydraulic separation into a washing machine for washing to obtain the lead plaster.
(2) Flattening the waste lead plaster, and then sequentially drying and crushing the flattened lead plaster;
the thickness of the pressed waste lead paste is 0.6cm, and the pressed waste lead paste is cut into 25cm in volume3The block shape of (1);
when the waste lead plaster is dried, the massive waste lead plaster is sent into an infrared drying oven to be dried, the temperature is 100 ℃, the drying time is 08min, and the crushed waste lead plaster is 120 meshes.
(3) Feeding the crushed lead plaster and the composite desulfurizer into a reaction container for desulfurization treatment to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
stirring and heating are carried out during desulfurization treatment, and barium chloride solution is adopted for detection during stirring and heating until the reaction is finished;
the heating is carried out in a water bath heating mode, the water bath temperature is 65 ℃, the stirring is carried out by adopting an electromagnetic stirrer, and the stirring speed of the electromagnetic stirrer is 70 r/min.
(4) Feeding desulfurized lead plaster and carbon powder into a mixer for mixing, and feeding the mixed mixture into a lead plaster smelting furnace for smelting;
drying the desulfurized lead plaster by adopting a dryer before mixing, wherein the drying temperature is 90 ℃, the drying time is 28min, the mixed carbon powder is 200 meshes, and the mass of the mixed carbon powder is 5% of that of the desulfurized lead plaster;
preheating is carried out before smelting in a lead plaster smelting furnace, the mixture is added when the temperature is preheated to 100 ℃, the smelting comprises a first stage and a second stage, the temperature of the first stage is 1000 ℃, the smelting time is 26min, the temperature of the second stage is 1050 ℃, the smelting time is 27min, and smelting smoke is discharged after being treated by a waste gas processor.
Example 2
A smelting method of lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the waste lead-acid storage battery to obtain waste lead plaster;
the treatment of the waste lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
firstly, disassembling a waste lead-acid storage battery, and removing a shell to obtain a plate group;
secondly, conveying the electrode plate group into a crusher for crushing, and carrying out magnetic separation to obtain particles;
thirdly, the particles are sent into a water tank to remove the floating objects on the water surface;
fourthly, sending the sediment in the water tank into a hydraulic separator for hydraulic separation;
fifthly, sending the product of the hydraulic separation into a washing machine for washing to obtain the lead plaster.
(2) Flattening the waste lead plaster, and then sequentially drying and crushing the flattened lead plaster;
the thickness of the pressed waste lead paste is 0.7cm, and the pressed waste lead paste is cut into 25cm in volume3The block shape of (1);
when the waste lead plaster is dried, the massive waste lead plaster is sent into an infrared drying oven to be dried, the temperature is 110 ℃, the drying time is 25min, and the crushed waste lead plaster is 140 meshes.
(3) Feeding the crushed lead plaster and the composite desulfurizer into a reaction container for desulfurization treatment to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
stirring and heating are carried out during desulfurization treatment, and barium chloride solution is adopted for detection during stirring and heating until the reaction is finished;
the heating is carried out in a water bath heating mode, the water bath temperature is 70 ℃, the stirring is carried out by adopting an electromagnetic stirrer, and the stirring speed of the electromagnetic stirrer is 75 r/min.
(4) Feeding desulfurized lead plaster and carbon powder into a mixer for mixing, and feeding the mixed mixture into a lead plaster smelting furnace for smelting;
drying the desulfurized lead plaster by using a dryer before mixing, wherein the drying temperature is 90 ℃, the drying time is 22min, the mixed carbon powder is 200 meshes, and the mass of the mixed carbon powder is 5% of that of the desulfurized lead plaster;
preheating is carried out before smelting in a lead plaster smelting furnace, the mixture is added when the temperature is preheated to 110 ℃, the smelting comprises a first stage and a second stage, the temperature of the first stage is 980 ℃, the smelting time is 28min, the temperature of the second stage is 1100 ℃, the smelting time is 25min, and smelting smoke is discharged after being treated by a waste gas processor.
Example 3
A smelting method of lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the waste lead-acid storage battery to obtain waste lead plaster;
the treatment of the waste lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
firstly, disassembling a waste lead-acid storage battery, and removing a shell to obtain a plate group;
secondly, conveying the electrode plate group into a crusher for crushing, and carrying out magnetic separation to obtain particles;
thirdly, the particles are sent into a water tank to remove the floating objects on the water surface;
fourthly, sending the sediment in the water tank into a hydraulic separator for hydraulic separation;
fifthly, sending the product of the hydraulic separation into a washing machine for washing to obtain the lead plaster.
(2) Flattening the waste lead plaster, and then sequentially drying and crushing the flattened lead plaster;
the thickness of the pressed waste lead paste is 0.8cm, and the pressed waste lead paste is cut into lead paste with the volume of 24cm3The block shape of (1);
when the waste lead plaster is dried, the massive waste lead plaster is sent into an infrared drying oven to be dried, the temperature is 100 ℃, the drying time is 27min, and the crushed waste lead plaster is 130 meshes.
(3) Feeding the crushed lead plaster and the composite desulfurizer into a reaction container for desulfurization treatment to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
stirring and heating are carried out during desulfurization treatment, and barium chloride solution is adopted for detection during stirring and heating until the reaction is finished;
the heating is carried out in a water bath heating mode, the water bath temperature is 65 ℃, the stirring is carried out by adopting an electromagnetic stirrer, and the stirring speed of the electromagnetic stirrer is 60 r/min.
(4) Feeding desulfurized lead plaster and carbon powder into a mixer for mixing, and feeding the mixed mixture into a lead plaster smelting furnace for smelting;
drying the desulfurized lead plaster by using a dryer before mixing, wherein the drying temperature is 90 ℃, the drying time is 25min, the mixed carbon powder is 200 meshes, and the mass of the mixed carbon powder is 6% of that of the desulfurized lead plaster;
preheating is carried out before smelting in a lead plaster smelting furnace, the mixture is added when the temperature is preheated to 100 ℃, the smelting comprises a first stage and a second stage, the temperature of the first stage is 980 ℃, the smelting time is 24min, the temperature of the second stage is 1050 ℃, the smelting time is 26min, and smelting smoke is discharged after being treated by a waste gas processor.
Example 4
A smelting method of lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the waste lead-acid storage battery to obtain waste lead plaster;
the treatment of the waste lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
firstly, disassembling a waste lead-acid storage battery, and removing a shell to obtain a plate group;
secondly, conveying the electrode plate group into a crusher for crushing, and carrying out magnetic separation to obtain particles;
thirdly, the particles are sent into a water tank to remove the floating objects on the water surface;
fourthly, sending the sediment in the water tank into a hydraulic separator for hydraulic separation;
fifthly, sending the product of the hydraulic separation into a washing machine for washing to obtain the lead plaster.
(2) Flattening the waste lead plaster, and then sequentially drying and crushing the flattened lead plaster;
the thickness of the pressed waste lead paste is 0.9cm, and the pressed waste lead paste is cut into lead paste with the volume of 28cm3The block shape of (1);
when the waste lead plaster is dried, the massive waste lead plaster is sent into an infrared drying oven to be dried, the temperature is 100 ℃, the drying time is 29min, and the crushed waste lead plaster is 150 meshes.
(3) Feeding the crushed lead plaster and the composite desulfurizer into a reaction container for desulfurization treatment to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
stirring and heating are carried out during desulfurization treatment, and barium chloride solution is adopted for detection during stirring and heating until the reaction is finished;
the heating is carried out in a water bath heating mode, the water bath temperature is 65 ℃, the stirring is carried out by adopting an electromagnetic stirrer, and the stirring speed of the electromagnetic stirrer is 70 r/min.
(4) Feeding desulfurized lead plaster and carbon powder into a mixer for mixing, and feeding the mixed mixture into a lead plaster smelting furnace for smelting;
drying the desulfurized lead plaster by using a dryer before mixing, wherein the drying temperature is 80 ℃, the drying time is 30min, the mixed carbon powder is 200 meshes, and the mass of the mixed carbon powder is 7 percent of that of the desulfurized lead plaster;
preheating is carried out before smelting in a lead plaster smelting furnace, the mixture is added when the temperature is preheated to 120 ℃, the smelting comprises a first stage and a second stage, the temperature of the first stage is 1000 ℃, the smelting time is 20min, the temperature of the second stage is 1100 ℃, the smelting time is 25min, and smelting smoke is discharged after being treated by a waste gas processor.
Example 5
A smelting method of lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the waste lead-acid storage battery to obtain waste lead plaster;
the treatment of the waste lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
firstly, disassembling a waste lead-acid storage battery, and removing a shell to obtain a plate group;
secondly, conveying the electrode plate group into a crusher for crushing, and carrying out magnetic separation to obtain particles;
thirdly, the particles are sent into a water tank to remove the floating objects on the water surface;
fourthly, sending the sediment in the water tank into a hydraulic separator for hydraulic separation;
fifthly, sending the product of the hydraulic separation into a washing machine for washing to obtain the lead plaster.
(2) Flattening the waste lead plaster, and then sequentially drying and crushing the flattened lead plaster;
the thickness of the pressed waste lead paste is 0.8cm, and the pressed waste lead paste is cut into lead paste with the volume of 22cm3The block shape of (1);
when the waste lead plaster is dried, the massive waste lead plaster is sent into an infrared drying oven to be dried, the temperature is 110 ℃, the drying time is 25min, and the crushed waste lead plaster is 140 meshes.
(3) Feeding the crushed lead plaster and the composite desulfurizer into a reaction container for desulfurization treatment to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
stirring and heating are carried out during desulfurization treatment, and barium chloride solution is adopted for detection during stirring and heating until the reaction is finished;
the heating is carried out in a water bath heating mode, the water bath temperature is 65 ℃, the stirring is carried out by adopting an electromagnetic stirrer, and the stirring speed of the electromagnetic stirrer is 70 r/min.
(4) Feeding desulfurized lead plaster and carbon powder into a mixer for mixing, and feeding the mixed mixture into a lead plaster smelting furnace for smelting;
drying the desulfurized lead plaster by using a dryer before mixing, wherein the drying temperature is 90 ℃, the drying time is 26min, the mixed carbon powder is 200 meshes, and the mass of the mixed carbon powder is 7 percent of that of the desulfurized lead plaster;
preheating is carried out before smelting in a lead plaster smelting furnace, the mixture is added when the temperature is preheated to 120 ℃, the smelting comprises a first stage and a second stage, the temperature of the first stage is 950 ℃, the smelting time is 30min, the temperature of the second stage is 1000 ℃, the smelting time is 30min, and smelting smoke is discharged after being treated by a waste gas processor.
Example 6
The utility model provides a crusher, as shown in fig. 2-3, the crusher includes organism 1, organism 1's inside has set gradually broken case 2 from the top down, magnetic separation case 3 and water tank 4, broken case 2's discharge gate is connected with the feed inlet of magnetic separation case 3, the material export of magnetic separation case 3 is connected with the upper end of water tank 4, organism 1's upper end surface is provided with the feeder hopper with broken case 2 intercommunication, organism 1's inside is provided with row material pipe 5, row material pipe 5's upper end is connected with the metal discharge gate of magnetic separation case 3, a side surface of water tank 4 is provided with the bin outlet, organism 1 is run through to the one end of bin outlet, water tank 4's surface is provided with vibrator 6, water tank 4's front end surface is provided with the inlet channel, water tank 4's lower.
During the use, polar plate group enters into broken case 2 in broken through the feeder hopper and breaks, carries out the magnetic separation in the broken particulate matter gets into magnetic separation case 3, and the particulate matter after the magnetic separation is sent into water tank 4 and is precipitated, opens the bin outlet of water tank 4, and the floater on the surface of water upper strata passes through the bin outlet and discharges, obtains the precipitate at last, and vibrator 6 can make the material all leave water tank 4, avoids the precipitate card on water tank 4's inner wall, need not people to clear up water tank 4.
Lead-acid batteries were treated in the same manner as in example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4 and example 5, and in each of example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4 and example 5, the crusher described in example 6 was used, and then the waste lead paste of the lead-acid batteries was smelted to measure the lead purity and the direct yield of lead.
| Lead purity (%) | Direct yield of lead (%) | |
| Example 1 | 99.85 | 98.92 |
| Example 2 | 99.87 | 99.05 |
| Example 3 | 99.92 | 99.13 |
| Example 4 | 99.90 | 99.02 |
| Example 5 | 99.87 | 98.94 |
According to the above table, the method for smelting the lead plaster of the lead-acid storage battery adopts the steps of carrying out magnetic separation on the broken plate groups to remove part of metal substances, then further processing impurities according to buoyancy, and finally separating the lead plaster by adopting a hydraulic separation mode, so that the impurities in the processed lead plaster are less, the purity and the direct recovery rate of lead obtained by smelting are high, the processing process is simple, the method is suitable for large-scale processing, and the processing efficiency of the lead-acid storage battery is high; the lead plaster separated by the method has the advantages of less impurities, shorter smelting time, less consumed energy, less loss of lead slag during smelting, high recovery rate of the lead slag, improvement of direct smelting yield, simple smelting method of the lead plaster of the whole lead-acid storage battery, convenient operation, better use effect compared with the traditional mode, lower cost and convenience for mass production of people.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for smelting lead plaster of a lead-acid storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the waste lead-acid storage battery to obtain waste lead plaster;
(2) flattening the waste lead plaster, and then sequentially drying and crushing the flattened lead plaster;
(3) feeding the crushed lead plaster and the composite desulfurizer into a reaction container for desulfurization treatment to obtain desulfurized lead plaster;
(4) and feeding the desulfurized lead plaster and the carbon powder into a mixer for mixing, and feeding the mixed mixture into a lead plaster smelting furnace for smelting.
2. The method for smelting lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the treatment of the waste lead-acid storage battery in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
firstly, disassembling a waste lead-acid storage battery, and removing a shell to obtain a plate group;
secondly, conveying the electrode plate group into a crusher for crushing, and carrying out magnetic separation to obtain particles;
thirdly, the particles are sent into a water tank to remove the floating objects on the water surface;
fourthly, sending the sediment in the water tank into a hydraulic separator for hydraulic separation;
fifthly, sending the product of the hydraulic separation into a washing machine for washing to obtain the lead plaster.
3. The method for smelting lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the thickness of the waste lead plaster in the step (2) after being pressed is 0.5-1cm, and the lead plaster is cut into the lead plaster with the volume of 20-30cm after being pressed3Is in the form of a block.
4. The method for smelting lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) when the waste lead plaster is dried in the step (2), the blocky waste lead plaster is sent into an infrared drying box for drying, the temperature during drying is 100-120 ℃, the drying time is 20-30min, and the crushed waste lead plaster is 120-150 meshes.
5. The method for smelting lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (4) stirring and heating during desulfurization treatment in the step (3), and detecting by using a barium chloride solution during stirring and heating until the reaction is finished.
6. The method for smelting lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the heating is carried out in a water bath heating mode, the water bath temperature is 60-70 ℃, the stirring is carried out by adopting an electromagnetic stirrer, and the stirring speed of the electromagnetic stirrer is 60-80 r/min.
7. The method for smelting lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (4) drying the desulfurized lead plaster by adopting a dryer before mixing, wherein the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, the drying time is 20-30min, the mixed carbon powder is 200 meshes, and the mass of the mixed carbon powder is 5-7% of that of the desulfurized lead plaster.
8. The method for smelting lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: preheating is carried out before smelting in the lead plaster smelting furnace in the step (4), the mixture is added when the temperature is preheated to 100-.
9. The method for smelting lead paste of a lead-acid storage battery according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the breaker includes organism (1), the inside of organism (1) has set gradually broken case (2), magnetic separation case (3) and water tank (4) by last to lower, the discharge gate of broken case (2) is connected with the feed inlet of magnetic separation case (3), the material export of magnetic separation case (3) is connected with the upper end of water tank (4), the upper end surface of organism (1) is provided with the feeder hopper with broken case (2) intercommunication, the inside of organism (1) is provided with row material pipe (5), arrange the metal discharge gate that the upper end of material pipe (5) and magnetic separation case (3) is connected, one side surface of water tank (4) is provided with the bin outlet, the one end of bin outlet runs through organism (1), the surface of water tank (4) is provided with vibrator (6).
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