CN112036056A - Hot-rolled strip steel laminar cooling finite element modeling method - Google Patents
Hot-rolled strip steel laminar cooling finite element modeling method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hot-rolled strip steel laminar cooling finite element modeling method, aims to solve the problem that a new steel laminar cooling process is difficult to rapidly and effectively set through precise finite element modeling, and belongs to the field of ferrous metallurgy. The principle is that grids are divided along the width, thickness and length directions of the strip steel; converting the movement of the strip steel into the movement of the laminar cooling header with the reverse direction and the same speed; setting the surface heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel along the width direction of the strip steel; and calculating the strip steel laminar cooling process by adopting a temperature, phase change and stress strain multi-field coupling model, and optimizing the surface heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel according to the difference value of the calculated temperature value and the actual value so as to obtain the optimal strip steel laminar cooling finite element model. The model is used for carrying out the laminar cooling calculation of the new steel grade, the control condition of the new steel grade under different cooling strategies can be quickly and accurately obtained, the efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a hot-rolled strip steel laminar cooling finite element modeling method.
Background
The steel industry is an important prop industry for supporting the national economic development, and the development level of the modern steel industry is an important embodiment of national technical progress and comprehensive national strength. In the case of hot rolled steel strip, the properties depend not only on the hot rolling process but also on the controlled cooling technique after rolling. Whether the hot rolling coiling temperature and the performance after the hot rolling coiling temperature are controlled within the required range mainly depends on the control of a cooling system of the hot rolled strip after the finishing mill.
Usually, the coiling temperature varies with the steel type, and the coiling temperature of most steel types is below 670 ℃ and about 570 ℃ to 650 ℃. The finishing temperature of the hot-rolled strip steel from the finishing mill group is about 800-900 ℃, the run-out roller way between the finishing mill group and the coiling machine is dozens to one hundred meters, and the running time of the strip steel on the roller way is generally between a few seconds and dozens of seconds. The temperature of the strip steel is reduced by about 300 ℃ in such a short time, the natural cooling of the strip steel on the output roller way is impossible, a high-efficiency laminar cooling device is required to be arranged on the output roller way, the upper surface and the lower surface of the strip steel are sprayed with water to achieve the effect of forced cooling, and meanwhile, the cooling water quantity is accurately controlled to meet the control requirement of the coiling temperature, so that the required performance of the finished steel coil is obtained.
The establishment of a laminar cooling control strategy is a difficult subject, and when the temperature difference between the upper surface and the lower surface of the hot-rolled strip reaches 30 ℃, the strip can be cooled and warped. The design of uniform flow distribution of the upper header and the design of fixed flow of the lower header are the main reasons of uneven cooling of the conventional cooling equipment, so that the control data needs to be repeatedly measured and evaluated by using a large amount of data, but the cost and the risk of carrying out tests on an actual production line are high. In the prior art, one scheme is to perform online pre-calculation by using an existing control model of a production line, or to transplant the control model to other servers or workstations for offline test calculation, but the problem that the actual initial hit rate is not high because a newly developed steel type does not correspond to a preset steel type exists; the other scheme is that a finite element model is established for an actual production line, the temperature distribution and the structural change of the strip steel in the laminar cooling process are calculated in a simulation mode, but a relatively comprehensive scheme is not provided for the heat transfer coefficient of the surface of the strip steel, and the calculation of the temperature distribution of the strip steel and the calculation of corresponding material performance are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hot-rolled strip steel laminar cooling finite element modeling method aiming at the technical problem that the accuracy of a test result obtained by laminar cooling is not high and an accurate laminar cooling control strategy cannot be obtained in the prior art, and aims to determine the heat exchange coefficient of each part of the surface of the strip steel in the laminar cooling process and overcome the problem of incomplete calculation in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
s1, dividing grids along the width, thickness and length directions of the strip steel;
s2, converting the strip steel movement into the movement of the laminar cooling header in the strip steel production, which is reverse and has the same speed;
s3, setting the heat exchange coefficient of the surface of the strip steel along the width direction of the strip steel;
s4, calculating the strip steel laminar cooling process by adopting a multi-field coupling finite element model covering temperature, phase change and stress strain, and optimizing the surface heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel according to the difference value of the calculated temperature value and the actual value, thereby obtaining the optimal strip steel laminar cooling multi-field coupling finite element model;
and S5, applying the obtained optimal strip steel laminar flow cooling multi-field coupling finite element model to the new steel type laminar flow cooling control strategy, and obtaining the accurate laminar flow cooling control process and the corresponding material performance of the new steel type.
Preferably, the S1 includes:
s1-1, taking one half of a plane passing through the width center of the strip steel and perpendicular to the width direction of the strip steel as a symmetrical plane for modeling, marking a grid from the symmetrical plane to the side part in the width direction, wherein the mark is that i is 1, 2, …, NB;
S1-2, wherein the grid is marked from the upper surface to the lower surface in the thickness direction, and the mark j is 1, 2, …, NH;
S1-3, where k is 1, 2, …, N, and the grid marks the face that is cooled down from the face that is cooled down first in the longitudinal directionL。
Preferably, the S2 includes:
and calculating the position of the water outlet header of the laminar cooling header relative to the strip steel at the current moment, if the grid with the mark number k of the strip steel is over against the water outlet header, judging that the grid with the mark number k is in a water-cooling heat dissipation mode, and otherwise, judging that the grid with the mark number k is in an air-cooling heat dissipation mode.
Preferably, the S3 includes:
s3-1, the water-cooling heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel at the center of the width direction refers to the following calculation formula:
in the formula, hw cStrip width center water cooling heat transfer coefficient, W/(m)2DEG C.); omega-water flow density, m3/(min·m2) (ii) a T-strip surface temperature, DEG C; t isw-water temperature, deg.c; pl-rolling direction nozzle spacing, m; pc-width-wise nozzle spacing, m; d-nozzle diameter, m; xi-the central water-cooling heat exchange coefficient adjustment coefficient of the strip steel, and the initial value is 1;
s3-2, under the water cooling condition, the heat exchange coefficient of the edge of the strip steel is larger than that of the middle part, and the distribution of the water cooling heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel in the width direction refers to the following calculation formula:
in the formula, hwWater cooling heat transfer coefficient of strip, W/(m)2DEG C.); b-strip steel width, m; x-distance from the width direction to the center of symmetry, m; eta-the water-cooling heat exchange coefficient adjusting coefficient of the edge of the strip steel, and the initial value is 0.1;
s3-3, the air cooling heat transfer coefficient of the strip steel can be regarded as the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of three cooling modes of contact heat transfer between the strip steel and a roller way, natural convection heat transfer between the strip steel and air and surface heat radiation of the strip steel, namely, the heat loss caused by the former two modes is considered in the heat radiation, and the reference calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, ha-strip steel air cooling comprehensive heat exchange coefficient, W/(m)2K); the surface radiance of the strip steel is increased by 10 percent on the basis of a conventional value by considering the influence of contact heat transfer with a roller way and natural convection heat transfer with air, namely the value is 0.88; sigma0Boltzmann constant, 5.67 × 10-8W/(m2·K4) (ii) a T-strip surface temperature, DEG C; t is∞-ambient temperature, deg.c.
Preferably, the S4 includes:
s4-1, calculating by a strip steel laminar cooling multi-field coupling finite element model, and obtaining the temperature and the mechanical property of all grid units of the strip steel at different moments in the calculation time;
s4-2, comparing the actual coiling temperature value existing in the production line, namely the actual temperature value at the width center of the strip steel at the laminar cooling outlet of the laminar cooling header with the corresponding calculated value, if the actual temperature value is larger than the calculated value, properly reducing the heat exchange coefficient at the width center of the strip steel, otherwise, increasing the heat exchange coefficient at the width center of the strip steel;
s4-3, detecting the temperature distribution in the width direction of the strip steel by using a handheld temperature measuring instrument at a laminar flow cooling outlet, comparing the temperature distribution with a corresponding calculated value, if the actual deviation value of the middle part and the edge part of the strip steel is greater than the calculated deviation value, properly increasing the heat exchange coefficient of the edge part of the strip steel, otherwise, reducing the heat exchange coefficient of the edge part of the strip steel;
s4-4, obtaining accurate strip steel heat exchange coefficient and optimal strip steel laminar flow cooling multi-field coupling finite element model through S4-1, S4-2 and S4-3 optimization calculation.
Preferably, the S5 includes:
s5-1, combining the first batch production data of the new steel grade, and acquiring an optimal laminar cooling multi-field coupling finite element model of the new steel grade by using the method of S1-S4;
s5-2, designing a laminar cooling control strategy by using the obtained optimal laminar cooling multi-field coupling finite element model of the new steel grade, substituting the model for calculation until the temperature of a laminar cooling outlet meets the requirement, and taking the finally determined laminar cooling control strategy as a control scheme of actual production.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in order to meet the precision requirement of the laminar cooling control of the new steel grade, the invention provides the hot-rolled strip steel laminar cooling finite element modeling method, the actually measured temperature in the width direction of the strip steel is compared with the calculated value, and the heat exchange coefficient in the width direction of the strip steel can be optimized, so that a laminar cooling model with the best precision is obtained, and powerful support is provided for the establishment of the laminar cooling process of the new steel grade.
1. By adopting the method for comparing and optimizing the heat exchange coefficient in the width direction by the measured value and the calculated value of the temperature in the width direction, the problem of insufficient calculation precision caused by inaccurate heat exchange coefficient can be solved.
2. By adopting the optimized laminar cooling finite element model, the control conditions of the new steel grade under different cooling strategies can be accurately and quickly obtained, the efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a laminar cooling finite element model calculation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the modeling method of the present invention specifically comprises:
step one, strip steel grid division
And dividing the grids along the width, thickness and length directions of the strip steel. Taking a plane passing through the width center of the strip steel and perpendicular to the width direction of the strip steel as a symmetrical plane, taking one half of the plane as a model, marking a grid from the symmetrical plane to an edge part in the width direction, wherein the mark is i-1, 2, …, NB(ii) a The grid is marked from the upper surface to the lower surface in the thickness direction, and the mark is j ═ 1, 2, …, NH(ii) a The mesh is marked in the longitudinal direction from the first cooled surface to the next cooled surface, with the designation k being 1, 2, …, NL。
Step two, determining the cooling mode of the strip steel grid
The movement of the strip steel is converted into the movement of the laminar cooling header with the reverse direction and the same speed. And calculating the position of the water outlet header relative to the strip steel at the current moment, if the grid with the mark number k of the strip steel is over against the water outlet header, judging that the grid with the mark number k is in a water-cooling heat dissipation mode, and otherwise, judging that the grid with the mark number k is in an air-cooling heat dissipation mode.
Step three, initially setting the heat exchange coefficient of the surface of the strip steel
And setting the heat exchange coefficient of the surface of the strip steel along the width direction of the strip steel.
The water-cooling heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel at the center of the width direction refers to the following calculation formula:
in the formula, hw cStrip width center water cooling heat transfer coefficient, W/(m)2DEG C.); omega-water flow density, m3/(min·m2) (ii) a T-strip surface temperature, DEG C; t isw-water temperature, deg.c; pl-rolling direction nozzle spacing, m; pc-width-wise nozzle spacing, m; d-nozzle diameter, m; xi-the adjusting coefficient of the water cooling heat exchange coefficient of the center of the strip steel, and the initial value is 1.
Under the water cooling condition, the heat exchange coefficient of the edge of the strip steel is larger than that of the middle part, and the distribution of the water cooling heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel in the width direction refers to the following calculation formula:
in the formula, hwWater cooling heat transfer coefficient of strip, W/(m)2DEG C.); b-strip steel width, m; x-distance from the width direction to the center of symmetry, m; eta-the water-cooling heat exchange coefficient regulating coefficient of the edge of the strip steel, and the initial value is 0.1.
The air cooling heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel can be regarded as the comprehensive heat exchange coefficient of three cooling modes, namely contact heat transfer between the strip steel and a roller way, natural convection heat exchange between the strip steel and air and surface heat radiation of the strip steel, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, ha-strip steel air cooling comprehensive heat exchange coefficient, W/(m)2K); the surface radiance of the strip steel is increased by 10 percent on the basis of a conventional value by considering the influence of contact heat transfer with a roller way and natural convection heat transfer with air, namely the value is 0.88; sigma0Boltzmann constant, 5.67 × 10-8W/(m2·K4) (ii) a T-strip surface temperature, DEG C; t is∞-ambient temperature, deg.c.
Step four, optimizing the heat exchange coefficient of the surface of the strip steel
Firstly, calculating a strip steel laminar cooling multi-field coupling finite element model, outputting the temperature and the mechanical property of all grid units of the strip steel at different moments in the calculation time, and turning to secondly.
Secondly, the actual coiling temperature value of the production line, namely the actual temperature value T at the width center of the strip steel at the laminar cooling outlet is utilizedact,cSetting its corresponding calculated value Tcal,cThe difference is DeltaT1=Tact,c-Tcal,cWith a control accuracy of1Greater than 0, taking110 ℃ if Δ T1>1Properly reducing the heat exchange coefficient at the center of the width of the strip steel, namely correspondingly reducing the value of the water-cooling heat exchange coefficient regulating coefficient xi at the center of the strip steel, and returning to the step I; if Δ T1<1Increasing the heat exchange coefficient at the center of the width of the strip steel, namely correspondingly increasing the value of xi, and returning to the first step; if Δ T1|≤1Go to (iii).
Thirdly, at the laminar flow cooling outlet, detecting the temperature distribution in the width direction of the strip steel by using a handheld temperature measuring instrument, and taking the actual temperature values of the width center, the transmission side and the operation side of the strip steel as T respectivelyact,c、Tact,dAnd Tact,oThe actual deviation value delta T of the temperature of the middle part and the edge part of the strip steelact=Tact,c-0.5(Tact,d+Tact,o) (ii) a Taking the temperature calculation values of the center, the transmission side and the operation side of the width of the strip steel as T respectivelycal,c、Tcal,dAnd Tcal,oCalculating the deviation value delta T of the temperature of the middle part and the edge part of the strip steelcal=Tcal,c-0.5(Tcal,d+Tcal,o). Setting the middle and edge temperature of the strip steelThe difference between the measured value of the deviation value and the corresponding calculated value is Δ T2=ΔTact-ΔTcalWith a control accuracy of2Greater than 0, taking210 ℃ if Δ T2>2Properly increasing the heat exchange coefficient of the edge of the strip steel, namely correspondingly increasing the value of the water-cooling heat exchange coefficient adjustment coefficient eta of the edge of the strip steel, and returning to the first step; if Δ T2<2Reducing the heat exchange coefficient of the edge of the strip steel, namely correspondingly reducing the value of eta, and returning to the first step; if Δ T2|≤2Go to (iv).
Step five, carrying out new steel grade laminar cooling calculation by utilizing the optimization model
Fourthly, designing a laminar cooling control strategy for the new steel grade, and carrying out calculation by using a model.
Set the calculated temperature T of the laminar cooling outletact,cAnd a target value Taim,cThe difference is DeltaT3=Tact,c-Taim,cWith a control accuracy of3Greater than 0, taking310 ℃, if Δ T3|>3Returning to the fourth step; if Δ T3|≤3Go to (4).
Sixthly, outputting a new steel type laminar cooling control strategy.
After the laminar cooling finite element model is obtained by the method, the laminar cooling process of the new steel grade can be quickly determined, so that the development efficiency of the new steel grade is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A hot-rolled strip steel laminar cooling finite element modeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing grids along the width, thickness and length directions of the strip steel;
s2, converting the strip steel movement into the movement of the laminar cooling header in the strip steel production, which is reverse and has the same speed;
s3, setting the heat exchange coefficient of the surface of the strip steel along the width direction of the strip steel;
s4, calculating the strip steel laminar cooling process by adopting a multi-field coupling finite element model covering temperature, phase change and stress strain, and optimizing the surface heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel according to the difference value of the calculated temperature value and the actual value, thereby obtaining the optimal strip steel laminar cooling multi-field coupling finite element model;
and S5, applying the obtained optimal strip steel laminar flow cooling multi-field coupling finite element model to the new steel type laminar flow cooling control strategy, and obtaining the accurate laminar flow cooling control process and the corresponding material performance of the new steel type.
2. The hot-rolled strip laminar cooling finite element modeling method of claim 1, wherein the S1 includes:
s1-1, taking one half of a plane passing through the width center of the strip steel and perpendicular to the width direction of the strip steel as a symmetrical plane for modeling, marking grids from the symmetrical plane to the side part in the width direction, wherein the marks are i =1, 2, … and NB;
S1-2, the grid marks from the upper surface to the lower surface in the thickness direction, and the mark is j =1, 2, …, NH;
S1-3, the grid is marked with k =1, 2, …, N, and the face that cools down from the face that cools down first in the longitudinal directionL。
3. The hot-rolled strip laminar cooling finite element modeling method of claim 1, wherein the S2 includes:
and calculating the position of the water outlet header of the laminar cooling header relative to the strip steel at the current moment, if the grid with the mark number k of the strip steel is over against the water outlet header, judging that the grid with the mark number k is in a water-cooling heat dissipation mode, and otherwise, judging that the grid with the mark number k is in an air-cooling heat dissipation mode.
4. The hot-rolled strip laminar cooling finite element modeling method of claim 1, wherein the S3 includes:
s3-1, the water-cooling heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel at the center of the width direction refers to the following calculation formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,h w cstrip width center water cooling heat transfer coefficient, W/(m)2·℃);ωWater flow density, m3/(min·m2);T-strip surface temperature, deg.c;T w-water temperature, deg.c;P l-rolling direction nozzle spacing, m;P c-width-wise nozzle spacing, m;D-nozzle diameter, m;ξthe water cooling heat exchange coefficient adjusting coefficient of the center of the strip steel is 1 as an initial value;
s3-2, under the water cooling condition, the heat exchange coefficient of the edge of the strip steel is larger than that of the middle part, and the distribution of the water cooling heat exchange coefficient of the strip steel in the width direction refers to the following calculation formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,h wwater cooling heat transfer coefficient of strip, W/(m)2·℃);B-strip width, m;x-the distance in width direction from the centre of symmetry, m;ηadjusting coefficient of water-cooling heat exchange coefficient of strip steel edge, and taking 0.1 as initial value;
s3-3, the air cooling heat transfer coefficient of the strip steel is regarded as the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of three cooling modes of contact heat transfer between the strip steel and a roller way, natural convection heat transfer between the strip steel and air and surface heat radiation of the strip steel, namely, the heat loss caused by the former two modes is considered in the heat radiation, and the reference calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,h a -strip steel air cooling comprehensive heat exchange coefficient, W/(m)2·K);The surface radiance of the strip steel is increased by 10 percent on the basis of a conventional value by considering the influence of contact heat transfer with a roller way and natural convection heat transfer with air, namely the value is 0.88;σ 0boltzmann constant, 5.67 × 10-8W/(m2·K4);T-strip surface temperature, deg.c;T ∞-ambient temperature, deg.c.
5. The hot-rolled strip laminar cooling finite element modeling method of claim 1, wherein the S4 includes:
s4-1, carrying out calculation on the strip steel laminar cooling process through a multi-field coupling finite element model, and obtaining the temperature and the mechanical property of all grid units of the strip steel at different moments in calculation time;
s4-2, comparing an actual coiling temperature value existing in the production line, namely an actual temperature value at the width center of the strip steel at a laminar cooling outlet of a laminar cooling header with a corresponding calculated value, if the actual temperature value is larger than the calculated value, reducing the heat exchange coefficient at the width center of the strip steel, otherwise, increasing the heat exchange coefficient at the width center of the strip steel;
s4-3, detecting the temperature distribution in the width direction of the strip steel by using a handheld temperature measuring instrument at a laminar flow cooling outlet, comparing the temperature distribution with a corresponding calculated value, if the actual deviation value of the middle part and the edge part of the strip steel is greater than the calculated deviation value, increasing the heat exchange coefficient of the edge part of the strip steel, otherwise, reducing the heat exchange coefficient of the edge part of the strip steel;
s4-4, obtaining accurate strip steel heat exchange coefficient and optimal strip steel laminar flow cooling multi-field coupling finite element model through S4-1, S4-2 and S4-3 optimization calculation.
6. The hot-rolled strip laminar cooling finite element modeling method of claim 1, wherein the S5 includes:
s5-1, combining the first batch production data of the new steel grade, and obtaining the optimal strip steel laminar cooling multi-field coupling finite element model of the new steel grade by using the method of S1-S4;
s5-2, designing a laminar cooling control strategy by using the obtained optimal strip steel laminar cooling multi-field coupling finite element model of the new steel grade, substituting the model for calculation until the temperature of a laminar cooling outlet meets the requirement, and taking the finally determined laminar cooling control strategy as a control scheme of actual production.
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| CN114682632A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-07-01 | 唐山学院 | Design method of controlled cooling process for hot-rolled dual-phase steel for automobiles |
| CN114178325A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-15 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Method for obtaining cooling water flow of hot-rolled carbon steel laminar cooling injection header and temperature calculation method |
| CN114888094A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-08-12 | 东北大学 | Rolling plate shape compensation method based on residual stress prediction in cooling process |
| CN114888094B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-01-31 | 东北大学 | Flatness Compensation Method Based on Prediction of Residual Stress in Cooling Process |
| US20240024937A1 (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-01-25 | Northeastern University | Homogenization control method for transverse temperature during laminar cooling of hot-rolled strip |
| US12303954B2 (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2025-05-20 | Northeastern University | Homogenization control method for transverse temperature during laminar cooling of hot-rolled strip |
| CN115016578A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-09-06 | 太原科技大学 | Strip steel quality regulation and control method based on edge temperature control |
| CN115016578B (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-10-18 | 太原科技大学 | Strip steel quality regulation and control method based on edge temperature control |
| CN117181825A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-12-08 | 河南科技大学 | Boundary control method for laminar cooling process of hot-rolled strip steel |
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