CN112022815B - 一种水相制备高Cu(DTC)2载药量抗肿瘤蛋白纳米药物的方法 - Google Patents
一种水相制备高Cu(DTC)2载药量抗肿瘤蛋白纳米药物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水相制备高Cu(DTC)2载药量抗肿瘤蛋白纳米药物的方法。该方法包括如下步骤:(1)将蛋白溶于去离子水中,搅拌下加入水溶性铜盐,并调节溶液pH至强碱性;(2)搅拌下在步骤(1)所得溶液中加入新制的NaDTC水溶液,持续搅拌直至反应结束;(3)对步骤(2)反应后的溶液进行透析,透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,然后冷冻干燥,即得Cu(DTC)2蛋白纳米粒。本发明利用Cu2+与DTC在水中快速反应在蛋白表面原位生成Cu(DTC)2,从而简单快速地获得了Cu(DTC)2蛋白纳米粒子;制备过程中不需要使用有机溶剂,绿色环保,且操作简单,可大剂量重复生产;而且,本发明制备的纳米粒Cu(DTC)2载药量高,接近25wt%,同时,其体外细胞毒性高于自由药物Cu(DTC)2。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高Cu(DTC)2载药量蛋白纳米药物的制备方法,特别涉及一种水相制备高Cu(DTC)2载药量蛋白纳米药物的方法,属于药物制剂技术领域。
背景技术
Cu(DTC)2中文全称为N,N-二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸铜,英文名称为copperdiethyldithiocarbamate,亦缩写为Cu(DDC)2、CuET等。Cu(DTC)2是戒酒药物双硫仑(disulfiram)与Cu2+反应生成的金属有机配合物,对多种癌症如黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌等均表现出优异的化疗效果(Alcohol-abuse drug disulfiram targets cancervia p97 segregase adaptor NPL4.Nature 2017,552(7684),194-199;Highly stable,coordinated polymeric nanoparticles loading copper(II)diethyldithiocarbamatefor combinational chemo/chemodynamic therapy of cancer.Biomacromolecules2019,20,2372-2383.)。但 Cu(DTC)2在水中不溶,通过纳米制剂增溶并提高其生物利用度是实现其化疗作用的关键。
蛋白是一类生物大分子,具有良好的生物安全性,可用作疏水药物的天然纳米载体。中国发明专利(公开号CN201310151359.4)公开了一种注射用Cu(DTC)2纳米粒制剂的制备方法,但该方法需要使用有机溶剂如甲醇、乙醇等溶解Cu(DTC)2,且制得的蛋白纳米粒Cu(DTC)2载药量仅为10%。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有的Cu(DTC)2蛋白纳米制剂制备过程需使用有机溶剂、且制剂Cu(DTC)2载药量低等问题,本发明提供一种不使用有机溶剂的水相制备高Cu(DTC)2载药量蛋白纳米药物的方法。
技术方案:本发明所述的一种水相制备高Cu(DTC)2载药量蛋白纳米药物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将蛋白溶于去离子水中,搅拌下加入水溶性铜盐,并调节溶液pH至强碱性;
(2)搅拌下在步骤(1)所得溶液中加入新制的NaDTC水溶液,持续搅拌直至反应结束;
(3)对步骤(2)反应后的溶液进行透析,透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,然后冷冻干燥,即得Cu(DTC)2蛋白纳米粒。
上述步骤(1)中,蛋白可为人血清白蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、转铁蛋白、辣根过氧化物酶等中的至少一种;蛋白溶于去离子水中的溶液浓度优选为10~100mg/mL。水溶性铜盐可为氯化铜、硫酸铜、醋酸铜、硝酸铜等中的至少一种;水溶性铜盐中Cu2+的浓度优选为0.1~0.5mol/L。其中,蛋白与水溶性铜盐的用量满足如下关系:每250毫克蛋白中,加入0.02~0.4毫摩尔的铜离子。本步骤中,调节溶液pH至强碱性可保证较高的载药量,优选可调节溶液pH在至11~13。
上述步骤(2)中,新制NaDTC水溶液的浓度优选为0.1~0.5mol/L。NaDTC水溶液的添加量满足如下比例:反应体系中,铜离子与DTC的摩尔比为1:0.5~1:20。
通过调控蛋白与铜离子的比例可有效控制载药量,作为优选的,当蛋白与水溶性铜盐的用量满足如下关系铜离子与DTC的摩尔比为1:2~1:20,且反应体系中,铜离子与DTC的摩尔比为1:2~1:20时,可获得载药量较高的Cu(DTC)2蛋白纳米粒。
步骤(3)中,透析过程具体为:将步骤(2)反应后的溶液转移至透析袋中透析12~72 小时,外部介质为超纯水。通过透析可除去体系中残留的水溶性无机小分子如NaOH、NaDTC等,确保纳米药物纯净,不含有OH-等有毒物质;透析时间可根据更换透析介质的时间频率确定。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:(1)本发明将制备Cu(DTC)2的水溶性原料预先溶于蛋白的水溶液中,然后利用Cu2+与DTC在水中快速反应在蛋白表面原位生成Cu(DTC)2,从而简单快速地获得了Cu(DTC)2蛋白纳米粒子;与现有技术中通过将成品Cu(DTC)2溶于有机溶剂中、使其与蛋白载体结合的制备工艺相比,本发明的制备过程中不需要使用有机溶剂,绿色环保,且操作简单,可大剂量重复生产;(2) 本发明制备的纳米粒Cu(DTC)2载药量高,接近25wt%,且载药量易于调控;同时,其体外细胞毒性高于自由药物Cu(DTC)2,可提高自由药物的生物利用度;(3)本发明所使用的原料价格低廉,包封率接近100%,不会造成大量化疗药物Cu(DTC)2的浪费。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的Cu(DTC)2白蛋白纳米粒的透射电镜图;
图2为实施例1制备的Cu(DTC)2白蛋白纳米粒的紫外吸收谱图;
图3为实施例1制备的Cu(DTC)2白蛋白纳米粒的体外抑制B16癌细胞生长曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例1
将250mg牛血清白蛋白(BSA)溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌下依次加入1.0mL CuCl2水溶液(0.2mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制4mL NaDTC 水溶液(0.2mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析24小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒,其透射电镜图如图1,粒径范围为25~43nm。
将冷冻干燥后的Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒子按照纳米粒子浓度0.5mg/mL重新溶于水,其在水中的紫外吸收如图2,表明Cu(DTC)2成功负载。进一步测试Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒子的载药量:测定纳米粒子在乙腈中的紫外吸光度,并根据 Cu(DTC)2在乙腈中的标准曲线计算得载药量为24.3%。
纳米粒的体外抑制4T1小鼠乳腺癌细胞的结果如图3,可以看到,Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒子中药物利用度更高,较自由药物Cu(DTC)2具有增强的抑癌活性。
实施例2
将250mg牛血清白蛋白(BSA)溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌下依次加入1.0mL CuCl2水溶液(0.02mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制4mL NaDTC 水溶液(0.02mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析24小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得 Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒,其粒径范围为20~45nm,载药量为2.8%。
实施例3
将250mg牛血清白蛋白(BSA)溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌下依次加入1.0mL CuCl2水溶液(0.1mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制4mL NaDTC 水溶液(0.1mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析24小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒的粒径为25~40nm,载药量为11.2%。
实施例4
将250mg牛血清白蛋白(BSA)溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌下依次加入1.0mL CuCl2水溶液(0.4mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制4mL NaDTC 水溶液(0.2mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析24小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒的粒径为27~38nm,载药量为25.0%。
实施例5
将250mg牛血清白蛋白(BSA)溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌下依次加入1mL CuCl2水溶液(0.2mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制0.5mL NaDTC水溶液(0.2mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析 24小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒的粒径为20~58nm,载药量为8.4%。
实施例6
将250mg牛血清白蛋白(BSA)溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌下依次加入1.0mL CuCl2水溶液(0.2mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制10mL NaDTC 水溶液(0.4mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析24小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒的粒径为24~56nm,载药量为23.7%。
实施例7
将250mg牛血清白蛋白(BSA)溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌下依次加入1.0mL CuCl2水溶液(0.2mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制4mL NaDTC 水溶液(0.2mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析12小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒的粒径为25~55nm,载药量为24.1%。
实施例8
将250mg牛血清白蛋白(BSA)溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌下依次加入1.0mL CuCl2水溶液(0.2mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制4mL NaDTC 水溶液(0.2mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析72小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得Cu(DTC)2牛血清白蛋白纳米粒的粒径为25~48nm,载药量为23.8%。
实施例9
将250mg人血清白蛋白(HSA)溶于10mL去离子水中,搅拌下依次加入1.0mL CuCl2水溶液(0.2mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制4mL NaDTC 水溶液(0.2mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析24小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得Cu(DTC)2人血清白蛋白纳米粒,粒径为25~45nm,载药量为23.8%。
实施例10
将250mg转铁蛋白(TRP)溶于10mL去离子水中,,搅拌下依次加入1.0mL CuCl2水溶液(0.2mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制4mL NaDTC水溶液(0.2mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析 24小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得Cu(DTC)2转铁蛋白纳米粒,粒径为27~51nm,载药量为22.5%。
实施例11
将250mg辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)溶于10mL去离子水中,,搅拌下依次加入1.0mLCuCl2水溶液(0.2mol/L)、0.5mL NaOH溶液(1mol/L)。搅拌下加入新制4mL NaDTC 水溶液(0.2mol/L),继续搅拌1小时后,转移至截留分子量为10 000Da的透析袋中透析24小时,外部介质为超纯水。透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,冷冻干燥,制得Cu(DTC)2转铁蛋白纳米粒,粒径为31~55nm,载药量为21.8%。
Claims (3)
1.一种水相制备高Cu(DTC)2载药量抗肿瘤蛋白纳米药物的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将蛋白溶于去离子水中,搅拌下加入水溶性铜盐,并调节溶液pH至强碱性,调节溶液的pH至11~13;所述蛋白与水溶性铜盐的用量满足如下关系:每250毫克蛋白中,加入0.2~0.4毫摩尔的铜离子;所述蛋白为人血清白蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、转铁蛋白、辣根过氧化物酶中的至少一种;
(2)搅拌下在步骤(1)所得溶液中加入新制的NaDTC水溶液,持续搅拌直至反应结束;反应体系中,铜离子与DTC的摩尔比为1:2~1:20;
(3)对步骤(2)反应后的溶液进行透析,透析结束后,过滤除去不溶物,然后冷冻干燥,即得Cu(DTC)2蛋白纳米粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水相制备高Cu(DTC)2载药量抗肿瘤蛋白纳米药物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述水溶性铜盐为氯化铜、硫酸铜、醋酸铜、硝酸铜中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水相制备高Cu(DTC)2载药量抗肿瘤蛋白纳米药物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述透析为:将步骤(2)反应后的溶液转移至透析袋中透析12~72小时,外部介质为超纯水。
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