CN111974018B - A kind of efficient condensation collection and separation method of biomass pyrolysis gas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating biomass pyrolysis gas, which belongs to the technical field of renewable energy utilization. The biomass pyrolysis gas high-efficiency condensation collection and separation device is adopted, and the biomass pyrolysis gas is fully condensed through the tubular condensation device; the liquid obtained by condensation is transferred to the collection tank for standing and stratification, and the supernatant liquid is taken as crude wood vinegar The crude wood vinegar is added to the separation and purification device, and the crude wood vinegar is separated and purified to obtain a refined wood vinegar. In the invention, glass beads of different sizes are used as fillers in the rectification device, and the directional purification and separation of different types of wood vinegar can be realized by adjusting the volume ratio of glass beads of different sizes, and various types of high-quality wood vinegar can be obtained, and the method is simple , easy to promote.

Description

A kind of efficient condensation collection and separation method of biomass pyrolysis gas

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of renewable energy utilization, and in particular relates to a method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas.

Background technique

Biomass pyrolysis to prepare biochar is an important way for high-value application of waste biomass or processing residues, and has significant economic, social and ecological benefits. However, in addition to carbon, the pyrolysis process will also produce a lot of gases. These pyrolysis gases are rich in tar, vinegar and other organic substances and a large amount of water. If they cannot be effectively condensed, collected and separated, it will lead to environmental pollution and waste of resources. Especially the wood vinegar obtained by condensation, because it contains a variety of organic substances, including organic acids, phenols and aldehydes, etc., can be used as organic fertilizer additives, livestock and poultry feeds, preservatives, fuels, health care drugs, and has extremely high application value. However, the current biomass pyrolysis gas condensation, collection and separation technology is very backward, especially the lack of efficient separation and purification technology of wood vinegar, resulting in the difficulty of fully and high-value utilization of pyrolysis gas.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency condensation collection and separation technology process of biomass pyrolysis gas, which can realize the directional high-efficiency condensation and purification of wood vinegar.

In order to solve the above problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

A method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, comprising the following steps:

(1) Adopt biomass pyrolysis gas high-efficiency condensation collection and separation device, biomass pyrolysis gas is fully condensed through tubular condensation device;

(2) the liquid obtained by condensation is transferred to the collecting tank to carry out stratification by standing, and getting the supernatant liquid is thick wood vinegar;

(3) The crude wood vinegar is added to a separation and purification device, and the crude wood vinegar is separated and purified to obtain a refined wood vinegar.

In the method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, the tubular condensing device is U-shaped and filled with barbed wire or glass fiber, and the filling amount is 80% to 90% of the volume of the tubular condensing device.

In the method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, the rectification temperature in the separation and purification device is 100-120°C.

In the method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, the filler in the separation and purification device is glass beads; the filling height of the glass beads is 4/5 of the height of the fractionation column.

In the method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, the reflux ratio of heavy components to light components in the separation and purification process is 4:1 to 3:2.

In the method for efficient condensation collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, the diameters of the glass beads are 5 mm, 3 mm and 1 mm, and the packing volume ratio of the three sizes of glass beads is 4:2:1.

In the method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, the fractionation column is filled with 5mm glass beads, 3mm glass beads, and 1mm glass beads according to the filling volume of glass beads of different sizes from bottom to bottom.

In the method for efficient condensation collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, the biomass pyrolysis gas efficient condensation collection and separation device includes a condensation section, a collection section and a separation and purification section; the condensation section includes a U-shaped tubular condensation device, and the The tubular condensing device is provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet; the collection section includes a collection tank;

The separation and purification section includes a separation and purification device, a fractionation column, a product collection tank, a product gas pipeline, a condensed water return pipeline and a condensed water inlet. The separation and purification device is provided with a fractionation column, and the upper part of the fractionation column is provided with A thermometer and a product gas pipeline, the other end of the product gas pipeline is connected to a product collection tank, a condensed water pipeline is provided outside the product gas pipeline, a condensed water inlet is provided on the condensed water pipeline, and both ends of the condensed water return pipeline It is connected with the condensed water pipeline and the condensed water inlet to form the return water passage of the condensed water.

In the method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, the product gas pipeline is an elbow with an included angle greater than 90°.

Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of the present invention include:

(1) The present invention uses cheap wire mesh or glass fiber as the filler of the U-shaped tubular condensing device, which can increase the heat exchange area, improve the heat exchange efficiency, and realize efficient condensation.

(2) The filler in the separation and purification device of the present invention is glass beads, which are cheap and easy to obtain. By adjusting the volume ratio of glass beads of different sizes, the directional purification and separation of different types of wood vinegar can be realized, and various types of high-quality wood vinegar can be obtained. Vinegar liquid can realize efficient condensation collection and separation of pyrolysis gas; the method is simple and easy to popularize.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-efficiency condensation, collection and separation device for biomass pyrolysis gas.

Detailed ways

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

The biomass pyrolysis gas high-efficiency condensation collection and separation device includes a condensation section, a collection section and a separation and purification section; the condensation section includes a U-shaped tubular condensation device 2, and the tubular condensation device 2 is provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet 1; The collection section Including collection tank 3;

The separation and purification section includes a separation and purification device 4, a fractionation column 5, a product collection tank 7, a product gas pipeline 8, a condensed water reflux pipeline 9 and a condensed water inlet 10. The separation and purification device 4 is provided with a fractionation column 5 above. The upper part is provided with a thermometer 6 and a product gas pipeline 8, the product gas pipeline 8 is an elbow with an included angle greater than 90°, and the product gas pipeline 8 is designed to be divided into two ends, close to a section of the fractionation column 5, in the role of the condensed water. After the condensation, a part of the gas enters the fractionation column again to start the distillation process, which is equivalent to performing another separation and purification on the substance to improve the separation and purification effect;

The other end of the product gas pipeline 8 is connected with the product collection tank 7, the product gas pipeline 8 is provided with a condensed water pipeline, the condensed water pipeline is provided with a condensed water inlet 10, and the two ends of the condensed water return pipeline 9 are connected with the condensed water pipeline and The condensed water inlet 10 is connected to form a return water passage of the condensed water. The following embodiments 1 to 3 all use this device to carry out the high-efficiency condensation collection and separation process of the pyrolysis gas of Chinese fir chips.

Example 1

A method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, comprising the following steps:

(1) Under nitrogen purging, 100g of Chinese fir chips were pyrolyzed at 450°C for 0.5h, and the pyrolysis gas was collected;

(2) the pyrolysis gas is passed into the U-shaped tubular condensing device 2 filled with wire mesh, and the collected condensed liquid is transferred to the collection tank 3;

(3) after the condensed liquid is left standstill for 1 day, the layers are separated, and the supernatant liquid is transferred to the separation and purification device, and the separation and purification is started;

(4) Control the rectification temperature to be 105°C, the fractionation column 5 is 45cm long, 10cm in diameter, the height of the filled glass balls is 36cm, the volume ratio of 5mm glass balls: 3mm glass balls: 1mm glass balls is 4:2:1, and the reflux ratio is 4:1, collect the lower heavy phase wood vinegar.

Example 2

A method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, comprising the following steps:

(1) Under nitrogen purging, 100g of Chinese fir chips were pyrolyzed at 450°C for 0.5h, and the pyrolysis gas was collected;

(2) the pyrolysis gas is passed into the U-shaped tubular condensing device 2 filled with wire mesh, and the collected condensed liquid is transferred to the collection tank 3;

(3) after the condensed liquid is left standstill for 1 day, the layers are separated, and the supernatant liquid is transferred to the separation and purification device, and the separation and purification is started;

(4) Control the rectification temperature to be 110°C, the fractionation column 5 is 45cm long, 10cm in diameter, the height of the filled glass balls is 36cm, the volume ratio of 5mm glass balls: 3mm glass balls: 1mm glass balls is 2:1:1, and the reflux ratio is 4:1, collect the lower heavy phase wood vinegar.

Example 3

A method for efficient condensation, collection and separation of biomass pyrolysis gas, comprising the following steps:

(1) Under nitrogen purging, 100g of Chinese fir chips were pyrolyzed at 450°C for 0.5h, and the pyrolysis gas was collected;

(2) the pyrolysis gas is passed into the U-shaped tubular condensing device 2 filled with wire mesh, and the collected condensed liquid is transferred to the collection tank 3;

(3) after the condensed liquid is left standstill for 1 day, the layers are separated, and the supernatant liquid is transferred to the separation and purification device, and the separation and purification is started;

(4) Control the rectification temperature to be 105°C, the fractionation column 5 is 45cm long, 10cm in diameter, the height of the filled glass balls is 36cm, the volume ratio of 5mm glass balls: 3mm glass balls: 1mm glass balls is 4:2:1, and the reflux ratio is 3:2, collect the lower heavy phase wood vinegar.

The organic components and pH of the heavy-phase wood vinegar collected in Examples 1-3 were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that the present invention effectively realizes the condensation, collection and separation of the pyrolysis gas of Chinese fir chips.

Table 1 embodiment 1～3 in the refined wood vinegar organic component content and pH value result

Example pH Organic acid content (%) Phenol content (%) 1 2.5 8.5 0.6 2 2.0 10.0 1.0 3 3.1 6.5 0.3

Claims (1)

1. A method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating biomass pyrolysis gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) a biomass pyrolysis gas efficient condensation, collection and separation device is adopted, and the biomass pyrolysis gas is fully condensed through a tubular condensation device;

the high-efficiency condensation, collection and separation device for the biomass pyrolysis gas comprises a condensation section, a collection section and a separation and purification section; the condensation section comprises a U-shaped tubular condensation device (2), wherein the filler is an iron wire net or glass fiber, and the filling amount is 80-90% of the volume of the tubular condensation device; a pyrolysis gas inlet (1) is formed in the tubular condensing device (2); the collecting section comprises a collecting tank (3);

the separation and purification section comprises a separation and purification device (4), a fractionating column (5), a product collecting tank (7), a product gas pipeline (8), a condensed water backflow pipeline (9) and a condensed water inlet (10), the fractionating column (5) is arranged above the separation and purification device (4), a thermometer (6) and a product gas pipeline (8) are arranged at the upper part of the fractionating column (5), the product gas pipeline (8) is a bent pipe with an included angle larger than 90 degrees, the product gas pipeline (8) is divided into two ends and is close to one section of the fractionating column (5), and under the action of condensed water, part of gas is condensed and then enters the fractionating column again to start a distillation process; the other end of the product gas pipeline (8) is connected with the product collecting tank (7), a condensed water pipeline is arranged outside the product gas pipeline (8), a condensed water inlet (10) is formed in the condensed water pipeline, and two ends of a condensed water backflow pipeline (9) are communicated with the condensed water pipeline and the condensed water inlet (10) to form a condensed water return passage; the rectification temperature in the separation and purification device is 100-120 ℃; the filler is glass beads, the separation column is filled with glass beads with the diameters of 5mm, 3mm and 1mm respectively from bottom to top according to the filling volumes of the glass beads with different sizes, and the filling volume ratio of the glass beads with the three sizes is 4:2: 1; the packing height of the glass beads is 4/5 of the height of the fractionating column; the reflux ratio of the heavy component to the light component in the separation and purification process is 4: 1-3: 2;

(2) transferring the liquid obtained by condensation to a collection tank for standing and layering, and taking supernatant as crude pyroligneous liquor;

(3) adding the crude pyroligneous liquor into a separation and purification device, and separating and purifying the crude pyroligneous liquor to obtain refined pyroligneous liquor.

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