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CN1119209C - Comprehensive innocuous utilization technique of lake and city sludge - Google Patents

Comprehensive innocuous utilization technique of lake and city sludge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1119209C
CN1119209C CN 01108478 CN01108478A CN1119209C CN 1119209 C CN1119209 C CN 1119209C CN 01108478 CN01108478 CN 01108478 CN 01108478 A CN01108478 A CN 01108478A CN 1119209 C CN1119209 C CN 1119209C
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sludge
lake
fixing agent
sulfur
comprehensive utilization
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CN1318435A (en
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王�华
胡建杭
马文会
何方
包桂蓉
姚刚
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

湖泊和城市污泥无害化综合利用的工艺,属于污泥焚烧处理及综合利用领域。将湖泊及城市污泥经打捞,收集和干燥,加入固硫剂、固氯剂配料后进入熔融炉进行无害化处理,熔融燃烧后的高温烟气进入二次燃烧器,经完全燃烧后进入预热锅炉进行余热回收后排放,熔融渣可制成建材。本发明是一种对污泥无害化,减容化和资源化的综合利用技术,对各类湖泊及城市污泥的适应性强,有效去除二恶英等有害物质对环境的影响。The invention relates to a process for harmless and comprehensive utilization of lake and city sludge, which belongs to the field of sludge incineration treatment and comprehensive utilization. The lake and urban sludge is salvaged, collected and dried, and after adding sulfur-fixing agent and chlorine-fixing agent, it enters the melting furnace for harmless treatment. The high-temperature flue gas after melting and combustion enters the secondary burner, and enters the The preheating boiler is discharged after waste heat recovery, and the molten slag can be made into building materials. The invention is a comprehensive utilization technology for sludge harmlessness, volume reduction and resource utilization, has strong adaptability to various lakes and urban sludge, and effectively removes the influence of harmful substances such as dioxin on the environment.

Description

湖泊及城市污泥无害化综合利用的工艺Harmless Comprehensive Utilization Technology of Lake and Municipal Sludge

技术领域:Technical field:

本发明属于污泥焚烧处理及综合利用技术领域The invention belongs to the technical field of sludge incineration treatment and comprehensive utilization

背景技术:Background technique:

随着城市规模的日益扩大及经济的快速发展,城市污泥的产出量不断增加并给城市的环境和附近河流的生态环境带来严重的危害。城市污泥量的剧增给城市建设带来了障碍。巨大的城市垃圾山中城市污泥占了很大的比例。With the increasing scale of the city and the rapid development of the economy, the output of urban sludge has been increasing and has brought serious harm to the environment of the city and the ecological environment of nearby rivers. The sharp increase in the amount of urban sludge has brought obstacles to urban construction. Urban sludge accounts for a large proportion of the huge urban garbage mountain.

近年来,由于多年的积累和一直没有有效的处理办法,湖泊的污泥污染已对周边的生态环境构成严重威胁。就以滇池为例,目前由于对滇池污染还没有一个行之有效的治理方法,使得滇池池底的污泥淀积了厚厚的一层,仅6.4公里岸边浮泥就达8万多立方米,滇池的草海底泥面积达7.5平方公里左右。污泥及草海中富含氮、磷等营养成分给藻类植物提供了充足的养分,使得藻类疯长,难以控制,造成大量水生动物死亡,使滇池的自净能力急剧下降;另外,如不对污泥中的各种有毒物质及重金属元素进行治理,则其它治理滇池的方法在短期内也难以取得成效。In recent years, due to years of accumulation and no effective treatment methods, the sludge pollution of the lake has posed a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment. Take Dianchi Lake as an example. At present, because there is no effective treatment method for the pollution of Dianchi Lake, the sludge at the bottom of Dianchi Lake has deposited a thick layer, and the floating mud on the shore of only 6.4 kilometers reaches more than 80,000 cubic meters. meters, and the grassy seabed mud of Dianchi Lake covers an area of about 7.5 square kilometers. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the sludge and grass sea provide sufficient nutrients for algae plants, making the algae grow wildly and difficult to control, resulting in the death of a large number of aquatic animals, and sharply reducing the self-purification ability of Dianchi Lake; If the various toxic substances and heavy metal elements in the lake are treated, other methods of treating Dianchi Lake will be difficult to achieve results in the short term.

公知的污泥处理技术还比较落后,多数采用施肥或堆放处理,很少用其他高效无污染的方法。施肥处理是一项比较传统的技术,但是施肥时容易造成污泥对环境的二次污染,污泥中的重金属随施肥过程一起进入到生态环境中,这对土壤、植物、地下水,甚至大气造成二次污染,同时对食物安全构成严重威胁,严重地危害人类的生存环境和健康。目前各国正致力于寻找新的无害化、减容化和资源化污泥处理方法。把污泥作为低热值燃料进行焚烧处理因为其具有很好的无害化、减容化和资源化效果已在一些发达国家受到重视。但是由于传统焚烧温度较低,一般在800~1000℃,污泥中的其它成分(如Cl、S等元素),易在燃烧时生成新的二恶英类等有害污染物。而近年来各国十分重视二恶英剧毒物的污染问题,因此现有技术不能适应当前严格的环保要求。The known sludge treatment technology is still relatively backward, and most of them are treated by fertilization or stacking, and other efficient and pollution-free methods are rarely used. Fertilization treatment is a relatively traditional technology, but it is easy to cause secondary pollution of the sludge to the environment during fertilization. The heavy metals in the sludge enter the ecological environment together with the fertilization process, which will cause serious damage to the soil, plants, groundwater, and even the atmosphere. Secondary pollution poses a serious threat to food safety and seriously endangers the living environment and health of human beings. At present, countries are working to find new harmless, volume reduction and resourceful sludge treatment methods. Incineration of sludge as a fuel with low calorific value has been valued in some developed countries because of its good effects of harmlessness, volume reduction and resource utilization. However, due to the low temperature of traditional incineration, generally at 800-1000°C, other components in the sludge (such as Cl, S and other elements) tend to generate new harmful pollutants such as dioxins during combustion. In recent years, countries have attached great importance to the pollution of dioxins and highly toxic substances, so the existing technology cannot adapt to the current strict environmental protection requirements.

发明内容:Invention content:

本发明的目的是提出一种无害化、减容化和资源化污泥熔融焚烧综合利用技术,其不但可以减少污泥在焚烧利用过程中二恶英类物质的生成,并实现对湖泊及城市污泥综合回收利用。The purpose of this invention is to propose a harmless, volume-reducing and resource-based sludge melting and incineration comprehensive utilization technology, which can not only reduce the generation of dioxins in the process of sludge incineration, but also realize the protection of lakes and Comprehensive recycling of municipal sludge.

附图说明:Description of drawings:

本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的。The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

具体实施方式:Detailed ways:

图1是本发明的工艺流程图。污泥干燥后的含水为2-15%,灰分为70~90%、(其中含有硫(S),氯(Cl)元素为0.5~6%),其余为5~18%。将湖泊及城市污泥进行打捞、收集和干燥,干燥后的污泥加入固硫、固氯剂进行配料,配好的物料进入熔融炉进行熔融焚烧(无害化处理),经熔融燃烧后的高温烟气进入二次燃烧室,经完全燃烧后进入余热锅炉进行余热回收,从余热锅炉排出的烟气经急冷塔快速冷却之后可以有选择地进行催化脱硝处理后(或根据当地环保对烟气排放的要求,利用其他方法进行烟气净化处理后)排放;产生的飞灰进行无害化处理后,回收其中有价金属;熔融渣经水淬和分选,熔渣中的铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)等金属通过形成合金加以回收利用;剩余的无害化残渣根据建筑用途的要求,加工出各种建筑材料综合利用。Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention. The water content of the dried sludge is 2-15%, the ash content is 70-90%, (containing sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl) element is 0.5-6%), and the rest is 5-18%. Salvage, collect and dry lake and urban sludge, add sulfur-fixing and chlorine-fixing agents to the dried sludge for batching, and the prepared materials enter the melting furnace for melting and incineration (harmless treatment), and the melted and burned The high-temperature flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber, and after complete combustion, it enters the waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery. The flue gas discharged from the waste heat boiler is rapidly cooled by the quench tower and can be selectively treated with catalytic denitrification (or according to the local environmental protection. emission requirements, use other methods for flue gas purification treatment) discharge; after the generated fly ash is harmlessly treated, the valuable metals in it are recovered; the molten slag is water quenched and sorted, and the iron (Fe) in the slag , copper (Cu) and other metals are recycled by forming alloys; the remaining harmless residues are processed into various building materials for comprehensive utilization according to the requirements of construction purposes.

固硫剂可以用碳酸钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、三氧化二铁、电渣石等,加入量与污泥中硫含量的重量比为1.5~5,固氯剂可为碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠,加入量与污泥中氯含量的重量比为1~2。熔融炉最好用本申请人申请的申请号为00259909.0的燃烧炉,熔融炉的热源可用电,油,燃气或煤。余热锅炉可带有省煤器和空气预热器。从余热锅炉排除的烟气在2~4秒钟之内快速冷却至250℃以下,再根据环保对烟气排放的要求进行处理或排放,无害残渣制成道路建设的铺路材料;也可以配以水泥或高炉炉灰浇注成各种形状块砖,直接用于城镇的人行道、公园和花园的道路铺设。The sulfur-fixing agent can be calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, ferric oxide, electroslag, etc. The weight ratio of the added amount to the sulfur content in the sludge is 1.5-5, and the chlorine-fixing agent can be sodium carbonate or carbonic acid Sodium hydrogen, the weight ratio of the added amount to the chlorine content in the sludge is 1-2. The application number that melting furnace is preferably used the applicant's application is the combustion furnace of 00259909.0, and the heat source of melting furnace can use electricity, oil, gas or coal. Waste heat boiler can be equipped with economizer and air preheater. The flue gas exhausted from the waste heat boiler is quickly cooled to below 250°C within 2 to 4 seconds, and then treated or discharged according to the requirements of environmental protection for flue gas emission, and the harmless residue is made into paving materials for road construction; it can also be equipped with Cement or blast furnace ashes are poured into various shapes of bricks, which are directly used for road paving of sidewalks, parks and gardens in cities and towns.

与现有技术相比本发明的优点:1.对各种城市污泥,湖泊污泥的处理适应性强;对污泥的水分、成分无严格要求。2.工艺流程短、炉床指数高,基建投资和试运行费用较低。3.炉膛温度高于1400℃以上;烟尘和烟气量少;二恶英排放量远低于国家排放标准,几乎接近于零排放;基本上无重金属污染;熔融炉渣可以再生利用,有用金属易于收回。4.余热易回收利用。5.实现了污泥的减容化、无害化和资源化。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. It has strong adaptability to the treatment of various urban sludge and lake sludge; there is no strict requirement on the moisture and components of the sludge. 2. The process flow is short, the hearth index is high, and the capital investment and trial operation costs are low. 3. The temperature of the furnace is higher than 1400℃; the amount of dust and flue gas is small; the emission of dioxin is far lower than the national emission standard, almost close to zero emission; basically no heavy metal pollution; molten slag can be recycled, and useful metals are easily take back. 4. Waste heat is easy to recycle. 5. Realize volume reduction, harmless and resource utilization of sludge.

实施例一1.实施条件滇池污泥的组成:Embodiment one 1. the composition of implementation condition Dianchi pond sludge:

空气干燥基水分:2.85%;干燥基灰分:85.96%(其中硫含量为4%,氯含量为1.2%);干燥基挥发分:10.27%;干燥基固定碳:0.92%;空气干燥基低位发热值:1400kJ/kg;一次空气过剩系数:0.82,熔融炉内的气氛为还原性气氛;二次空气过剩系数:1.12;辅助煤加入量为污泥量的:1.45倍;CaO加入量为污泥中硫含量的重量比为3.4;NaHCO3加入量与污泥中氯含量的重量比为1.5;2.实施结果熔融焚烧气温:1472℃;熔渣温度:1340℃;熔融炉烟窗出口烟气温度:1240℃;熔融渣中的金属回收率为95.4%;配以30%的水泥浇铸成230×114×65mm的方砖。Air-dried basis moisture: 2.85%; dry basis ash content: 85.96% (of which sulfur content is 4%, chlorine content is 1.2%); dry basis volatile matter: 10.27%; dry basis fixed carbon: 0.92%; air-dry basis low heat Value: 1400kJ/kg; primary air excess coefficient: 0.82, the atmosphere in the melting furnace is a reducing atmosphere; secondary air excess coefficient: 1.12; auxiliary coal addition is 1.45 times that of sludge; CaO addition is sludge The weight ratio of the sulfur content in the sludge is 3.4; the weight ratio of the amount of NaHCO 3 added to the chlorine content in the sludge is 1.5; 2. Implementation results Melting incineration temperature: 1472°C; slag temperature: 1340°C; Temperature: 1240°C; the metal recovery rate in the molten slag is 95.4%; it is mixed with 30% cement and cast into square bricks of 230×114×65mm.

实施例二1.实施条件城市污泥的组成(空干基):空气干燥基水分:2.15%;干燥基灰分:83.80%(其中硫占2.5%,氯占3%);干燥基挥发分:12.14%干燥基固定碳:1.91%;空气干燥基地位发热值:3010kJ/kg;一次空气过剩系数:0.95,熔融炉内的气氛为还原性气氛;二次空气过剩系数:1.08;辅助煤加入量为污泥量的:0.8倍;CaO加入量为污泥中硫含量的重量比为2.0;NaHCO3加入量为污泥中氯含量的重量比为2;2.实施结果熔融焚烧温度:1458℃;熔融渣温度:1320℃;熔融炉烟窗出口烟气温度:1214℃熔融渣中的金属回收率为95%;配以24%的水泥浇铸成230×114×65mm的方砖。Embodiment two 1. Composition (air-dry base) of implementation condition municipal sludge: air-dry base moisture: 2.15%; Dry base ash content: 83.80% (wherein sulfur accounts for 2.5%, chlorine accounts for 3%); Dry base volatile matter: 12.14% dry base fixed carbon: 1.91%; air-dry base heating value: 3010kJ/kg; primary air excess coefficient: 0.95, the atmosphere in the melting furnace is a reducing atmosphere; secondary air excess coefficient: 1.08; auxiliary coal addition The amount of sludge: 0.8 times; the amount of CaO added is 2.0 by weight of the sulfur content in the sludge; the added amount of NaHCO is 2 by the weight ratio of the chlorine content in the sludge; 2. Implementation results Melting incineration temperature: 1458°C ; Molten slag temperature: 1320°C; flue gas temperature at the smokestack outlet of the melting furnace: 1214°C The metal recovery rate in the molten slag is 95%; it is cast into square bricks of 230×114×65mm with 24% cement.

Claims (3)

1.一种湖泊和城市污泥无害化综合利用的工艺,其特征是:将湖泊和城市污泥进行打捞,收集,干燥后的污泥加入固硫剂、固氯剂进行配料,配好的料进入熔融炉进行熔融焚烧,熔融焚烧后的烟气进入二次燃烧室,经完全燃烧后进入余热锅炉进行余热回收,熔融渣经水淬和分选,其中的铁、铜金属形成合金加以利用,剩余的无害化残渣做成建筑材料。1. A process for harmless and comprehensive utilization of lake and city sludge, characterized in that: lake and city sludge are salvaged and collected, and the dried sludge is added with sulfur-fixing agent and chlorine-fixing agent for batching and mixing The material enters the melting furnace for melting and incineration, the flue gas after melting and incineration enters the secondary combustion chamber, and after complete combustion, enters the waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery. Use the remaining harmless residues to make building materials. 2.根据权利要求1所述的污泥综合利用的工艺,其特征是:固硫剂是碳酸钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、三氧化二铁、电渣石中的一种,所述固硫剂的加入量与污泥中硫含量的重量比为1.5~5。2. The technique of sludge comprehensive utilization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the sulfur-fixing agent is the one in calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, ferric oxide, electroslag, and the sulfur-fixing agent is The weight ratio of the added amount of the sulfur agent to the sulfur content in the sludge is 1.5-5. 3.根据权利要求1所述的污泥综合利用的工艺,其特征是:固氯剂是碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠中的一种,所述固氯剂的加入量与污泥中氯含量的重量比为1~2。3. the technology of sludge comprehensive utilization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the chlorine-fixing agent is a kind of in sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and the add-on of described chlorine-fixing agent is equal to the chlorine content in the sludge. The weight ratio is 1-2.
CN 01108478 2001-05-28 2001-05-28 Comprehensive innocuous utilization technique of lake and city sludge Expired - Fee Related CN1119209C (en)

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CN100374381C (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-03-12 上海交通大学 Treatment method of organic chloride and heavy metal polluted sediment

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CN105642654A (en) * 2016-01-19 2016-06-08 青岛理工大学 Synchronization technology for recycling sludge and harmless chromium slag by using waste heat of blast furnace slag
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CN105728434B (en) * 2016-02-29 2017-05-17 中南大学 Resourceful treatment method for waste circuit board
CN106167343A (en) * 2016-08-31 2016-11-30 柳州市润广科技有限公司 A kind of municipal sludge total system
CN110306054B (en) * 2018-03-20 2021-07-30 荆门格林循环电子废弃物处置有限公司 Method for recovering valuable metals of waste circuit boards
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100374381C (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-03-12 上海交通大学 Treatment method of organic chloride and heavy metal polluted sediment

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