CN111869366A - Method for priming tobacco seeds for extended storage time - Google Patents
Method for priming tobacco seeds for extended storage time Download PDFInfo
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- CN111869366A CN111869366A CN202010829210.7A CN202010829210A CN111869366A CN 111869366 A CN111869366 A CN 111869366A CN 202010829210 A CN202010829210 A CN 202010829210A CN 111869366 A CN111869366 A CN 111869366A
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- seeds
- tobacco seeds
- tobacco
- drying
- germination
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 44
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 9
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 3
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N (+)-Abscisic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)/C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@@]1(O)C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000003820 Lipoxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000128 Lipoxygenases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010016634 Seed Storage Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004062 cytokinin Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQHKFADEQIVWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytokinin Natural products C1=NC=2C(NCC=C(CO)C)=NC=NC=2N1C1CC(O)C(CO)O1 UQHKFADEQIVWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- FCRACOPGPMPSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N desoxyabscisic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C(C)C=CC1C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C FCRACOPGPMPSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- WZISDKTXHMETKG-UHFFFAOYSA-H dimagnesium;dipotassium;trisulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WZISDKTXHMETKG-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003617 indole-3-acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008384 membrane barrier Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003375 plant hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D197/00—Coating compositions based on lignin-containing materials
- C09D197/005—Lignin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco seed treatment, and particularly discloses a method for initiating tobacco seeds to prolong storage time, which comprises the following steps of initiating the tobacco seeds by using an initiator, and then performing primary drying; drying the initiated tobacco seeds until the moisture content is not more than 50%, soaking the tobacco seeds for 10-15h by using 0.3-0.4% NaHCO3, and performing secondary drying until the moisture content of the tobacco seeds is 4-5%; the tobacco seeds are coated and pelletized by using the coating agent, and then vacuum storage is carried out by using the packaging bag, after the seeds are initiated by using the initiator, the germination speed of the seeds can be increased, low-temperature storage is not needed, the germination rate can still reach over 90 percent after 6 months of storage, and as the initiation is carried out, the physiological activity of the seeds is increased, so that the germination time of the seeds is advanced for planting for 5 days to emerge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco seed treatment, and particularly relates to a method for initiating tobacco seeds to prolong storage time.
Background
Seed priming is a pretreatment technique that controls the slow water uptake and gradual drying back of the seeds. In actual agricultural production, stored old seeds are often used, and the initiation treatment can recover or improve the activity of the old seeds, promote the germination of the seeds under adverse conditions of low temperature, drought and the like, save the seed consumption and reduce the production cost. However, priming does not facilitate seed storage, shortens seed life, and limits its use in commercial seed production and distribution. At present, most of the research and application of initiation technologies at home and abroad focuses on improving and improving the vitality of vegetable and crop seeds, and the research on the influence of initiation on the seed life, storage potential, initiation seed germination and seedling growth is rarely related.
The minimum temperature of the germination of the flue-cured tobacco seeds is 7.5-10 ℃, the induced buds can smoothly grow at 17-25 ℃, the young embryos are easily damaged and lose vigor after the temperature is over 30 ℃, if the average daily temperature is lower than 6-7 ℃ in the rooting period of the flue-cured tobacco, the young seedlings can be cold damaged, Guizhou is the province of tobacco planting, the average temperature in the early spring of Guizhou is lower, the average temperature in the coldest month (1 month) is usually more than 3-6 ℃, the early spring sowing is not facilitated, so that the initiation treatment needs to be carried out on the seeds to reduce the germination growth time of the seeds and increase the cold resistance of the seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The main object of the present invention is to provide a method for priming tobacco seeds, which can prolong the storage time of the priming seeds.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for pelleting tobacco seeds, which further ensures the storage time of the tobacco seeds.
The method is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of priming tobacco seeds for extended storage time comprising the steps of:
(1) initiating the tobacco seeds by using an initiator for 48 hours, and then performing primary drying;
(2) drying the initiated tobacco seeds until the moisture content is not more than 50%, soaking the tobacco seeds for 10-15h by using 0.3-0.4% NaHCO3, and performing secondary drying until the moisture content of the tobacco seeds is 4-5%;
(3) the tobacco seeds are coated and pelletized by using a coating agent, and then vacuum-stored by using a packaging bag.
A large number of experiments show that the seed germination time can be shortened by using an initiator to initiate seeds, in the prior art, a plant growth regulator is mostly used, and the seeds are initiated by using a permeation method, such as active oxygen is used to be combined with gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, the variety of plant growth regulators is various, the influence of different proportions on plants is very large, and 0.3-0.4% NaHCO is creatively used in the invention3The seeds which are initiated to be dried back to 50 percent of water are soaked for the second time and dried back to be dried by using NaHCO3Thereby achieving the effect of inactivating lipoxidase in tobacco seeds and further achieving the effect of increasing storage time after drying again.
Further, the initiator in the step (1) is 30-40mmol/LH2O2+0.2-0.3mmol/LSA。
The temperature is relatively low when the Guizhou is sowed in spring, while the Guizhou mountains are numerous and surround the mountain, and part of cultivated land maintains relatively low temperature for a long time in the sowing time period, so that the method has the advantages of low cost, high sowing efficiency and low costThe germinated seeds have certain cold resistance according to the special characteristics of Guizhou cultivation, and the invention uses H2O2Combined with SA, the cold-resistant property of the seeds is improved by exciting the self-resistance of the seeds through exogenous stimulation.
Further, the coating agent in the step (3) is attapulgite powder, talcum powder and potassium fulvate.
In the prior art, the seed coating agent mostly uses attapulgite powder and talcum powder, and various compound bacteria and sterilization medicines are added to reduce plant diseases and insect pests during seed germination. The potassium fulvate can supplement nutrients lost in soil in time, so that the soil is activated, the vitality is realized, the continuous cropping disease caused by excessive absorption of nutrients in the soil is reduced, the product can completely replace potassium sulfate or potassium chloride and potassium magnesium sulfate with the same content, and the product is natural and environment-friendly.
Further, the invention provides a method for pelleting tobacco seed coatings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the attapulgite powder and the potassium fulvate in a stirrer according to a ratio, and stirring at a rotating speed of 150/min for 40-50 min; then placing the tobacco seeds into a coating machine for primary coating and pelleting, wherein the diameter of the tobacco seeds is pelleted from 0.3-0.4 mm to 0.8-1.0 mm;
(2) sieving the primarily pelleted tobacco seeds by a sieving machine, feeding the tobacco seeds with the diameter of 0.8-1.0 mm into a final seed coating machine, and coating and pelleting by adopting talcum powder, wherein the diameter of the finally coated and pelleted tobacco seeds reaches 1.8-2.3 mm;
(3) sieving the finally coated and pelletized tobacco seeds, and drying the tobacco seeds with the diameter of 1.8-2.3 mm in a boiling granulator, wherein the water content of the dried tobacco seeds is controlled to be 5-8 wt%;
(4) and (4) putting the dried tobacco seeds into a packaging machine for vacuum packaging.
Further, the ratio of the attapulgite powder to the potassium fulvate formula is 50: 1.
the unknown growth promoting factor with high biological activity function of the potassium epifulvate is researched. The practice proves that the biochemical potassium fulvate inner core contains unknown growth promoting factors with high biological activity which are not yet proved. The biochemical potassium fulvate strictly speaking does not contain hormone substances, but shows similar effects to a plurality of chemically synthesized auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and other plant hormones in the use process, has a comprehensive regulation effect on the growth and development of plants, has small molecular weight and average molecular weight of 300, has high permeability on a plant cell membrane barrier due to high biological activity, and can break the limitation of enzyme activity to promote germination after seed sowing and ensure that the germinated plants are thicker and more regular through a plurality of functions of adsorption, conduction, transportation, bridging, slow release, activation and the like.
Preferably, the attapulgite powder is ultrafine attapulgite powder, and the ultrafine attapulgite powder is attapulgite powder which is dried at a high temperature of 220-230 ℃ and has the mesh number of 1000-1200 meshes.
The particle size of the used attapulgite is smaller than that of the potassium fulvate, so the potassium fulvate can become a central particle and adsorb the attapulgite powder to become small particles which are adhered to tobacco seeds, on one hand, the particle size of the tobacco seeds is small, so the method can form a layer of compact protective film on the surfaces of the tobacco seeds, the particles are not easy to break and agglomerate, water is absorbed to form lotus flowers after granulation, the seeds are favorable for germination, on the other hand, the attapulgite powder wraps the potassium fulvate, the potassium fulvate is not directly contacted with the seeds in the storage process, the storage time can be indirectly increased, the seeds are not deteriorated in advance due to the stimulation of the potassium fulvate, and the outer layer is sprayed with talcum powder, and the cracking is fast due to the action of soil moisture after planting.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can accelerate the seed germination speed after initiating the seeds by using the initiator, and NaHCO is used3The effect of passivating the lipoxidase in the tobacco seeds is achieved, so that the effect of increasing the storage time is achieved after the tobacco seeds are dried again, the tobacco seeds can be stored for 6 months without low-temperature storage, the germination rate can still reach over 90 percent, and the physiological activity of the seeds is increased after initiation, so that the germination time of the seeds is advanced for planting for 5 days to emerge.
2. The initiator used in the invention can increase the cold resistance of tobacco seeds, and the tobacco seeds are granulated for the first time by the attapulgite powder and the fulvic acid potassium according to a certain proportion, and then granulated for the second time by the talcum powder, so that the granulated tobacco seeds are not easy to break and are cracked quickly after planting.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical spirit and the advantages of the present invention, the applicant below describes in detail by way of example, but the description of the example is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, and any equivalent changes made according to the present inventive concept, which are merely in form and not in material, should be considered as the technical scope of the present invention.
The test reagent consumables used in the following examples are all conventional biochemical reagents unless otherwise specified; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the percentages are mass percentages unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method of priming tobacco seeds for extended storage time comprising the steps of:
s1: using 30mmol/LH2O2+0.4mmol/LSA is used for priming tobacco seeds for 48 hours, and then the tobacco seeds are dried again;
s2: drying the initiated tobacco seeds again until the moisture content is 50%, soaking the tobacco seeds for 10h by using 0.4% NaHCO3, and performing secondary drying until the moisture content of the tobacco seeds is 4-5%;
s3: according to the proportion of 50: 1, mixing attapulgite powder and potassium fulvate in a stirrer, and stirring at the rotating speed of 150r/min for 40-50 min; then placing the tobacco seeds into a coating machine for primary coating and pelleting, wherein the diameter of the tobacco seeds is pelleted from 0.3-0.4 mm to 0.8-1.0 mm;
s4, screening the primarily pelleted tobacco seeds by a screening machine, feeding the tobacco seeds with the diameter of 0.8-1.0 mm into a final seed coating machine for coating and pelleting by talcum powder, wherein the diameter of the finally pelleted tobacco seeds reaches 1.8-2.3 mm;
s5, screening the finally coated and pelleted tobacco seeds, and drying the tobacco seeds with the diameter of 1.8-2.3 mm in a boiling granulator, wherein the water content of the dried tobacco seeds is controlled to be 5-8 wt%;
and S6, feeding the dried tobacco seeds into a packaging machine for vacuum packaging. After the tobacco seeds are planted in the field, the germination rate of the tobacco seeds reaches over 95 percent, and the germination rate can still reach over 90 percent after the tobacco seeds are stored for 6 months.
Example 2
A method of priming tobacco seeds for extended storage time comprising the steps of:
s1: using 40mmol/LH2O2+0.2mmol/LSA is used for priming tobacco seeds for 48 hours, and then the tobacco seeds are dried again;
s2: drying the initiated tobacco seeds again until the moisture content is 40%, soaking the tobacco seeds for 15h by using 0.3% NaHCO3, and performing secondary drying until the moisture content of the tobacco seeds is 4-5%;
the other steps are the same as in example 1. After the tobacco seeds are planted in the field, the germination rate of the tobacco seeds reaches over 90 percent, and the germination rate of the tobacco seeds can still reach over 90 percent after the tobacco seeds are stored for 6 months.
Example 3
A method of priming tobacco seeds for extended storage time comprising the steps of:
s1: using 35mmol/LH2O2+0.3mmol/LSA is used for priming tobacco seeds for 48 hours, and then the tobacco seeds are dried again;
s2: drying the initiated tobacco seeds again until the moisture content is 45%, soaking the tobacco seeds for 12h by using 0.4% NaHCO3, and drying again until the moisture content of the tobacco seeds is 4-5%;
the attapulgite powder is ultrafine attapulgite powder, and is dried at the high temperature of 220-230 ℃ with the mesh number of 1000-1200 meshes, and the other steps are the same as the example 1. The embodiment is not easy to break after granulation, has no agglomeration phenomenon, absorbs water to form lotus flower shape, is beneficial to seed germination, and can still reach the germination rate of more than 90 percent after the outer layer is sprayed with talcum powder and planted due to the action of soil moisture, and the cracking is fast after the outer layer is stored for 8 months.
Experimental verification
1. Materials and methods
1.1 Experimental materials
Yunyan 87 seeds harvested in the same year.
1.2 Experimental design
1.2.1 Germination test of tobacco seeds treated with different chemicals at Low temperature
The chemical substance treatment mode of tobacco seeds is respectively 30mmol/L, 35mmol/L and 40mmol/L H2O2，0.2mmol/L、0.3mmol/L、0.4mmol/L SA，30mmol/LH2O2+0.4mmol/LSA、40mmol/LH2O2+0.2mmol/LSA、35mmol/LH2O2+0.3mmol/LSA, and soaking the normal seeds in clear water as a Control (CK), putting the washed seeds into a constant-temperature illumination incubator for culture in a seed germination experiment, setting the temperature at 15 ℃ in the daytime and 10 ℃ at night, carrying out 26 treatments, repeating for 3 times, repeating 100 seeds every time, observing and counting the germination rate to determine the optimal seed soaking time, the optimal low-temperature resistant substance and the optimal concentration of the low-temperature resistant substance.
1.2.2 Effect of Hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid combination priming and Return to Dry priming on seed Germination
T0: in contrast, seeds were not primed;
t1: the clear water is initiated for 48 hours to be dried again;
T2：30mmol/LH2O2+0.4mmol/LSA to initiate 48h of washing and drying;
T3：30mmol/LH2O2+0.4mmol/LSA trigger 48h wash and dry back to 50% water, 0.4% NaHSoaking in CO3 for 10h, cleaning, and drying again; the water content after drying is 4-5%.
Seed pelleting step: putting the attapulgite powder into a coating machine for primary coating and pelleting, wherein the diameter of the tobacco seeds is pelleted from 0.3-0.4 mm to 0.8-1.0 mm; sieving the primarily pelleted tobacco seeds by a sieving machine, feeding the tobacco seeds with the diameter of 0.8-1.0 mm into a final seed coating machine, and coating and pelleting by adopting talcum powder, wherein the diameter of the finally coated and pelleted tobacco seeds reaches 1.8-2.3 mm; and (3) screening the finally coated and pelleted tobacco seeds, and drying the tobacco seeds with the diameter of 1.8-2.3 mm in a boiling granulator, wherein the water content of the dried tobacco seeds is controlled to be 5-8 wt%.
1.2.3 Effect of different storage conditions and time of tobacco pelleted seeds on seed germination Rate
Mixing G1: rinsing to initiate 50h to dry seeds, G2: 30mmol/LH2O2+0.4mmol/LSA elicited 50h back to dry seeds and G3: 30mmol/LH2O2And (3) initiating 50h drying again by using 0.4mmol/LSA until the water content is 50%, soaking the seeds in 0.4% NaHCO3 for 10h, drying the seeds again, performing seed pelleting treatment, wherein the seed treatment mode is the treatment mode in the example 1, adding potassium fulvate, performing vacuum packaging, storing for 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months and 10 months respectively, sowing in a laboratory, and observing the growth condition of germination and seedling emergence.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 germination Rate of tobacco seeds at Low temperature after treatment with different chemical substances
Hydrogen peroxide (H) was selected for this experiment2O2) And Salicylic Acid (SA), respectively setting different concentrations to soak tobacco seeds for 48h, taking normal seeds as a contrast for soaking the seeds in clear water, carrying out 9 treatments, repeating the treatments for three times, setting 100 seeds each time, culturing in a constant-temperature illumination incubator at the daytime temperature of 15 ℃ and the nighttime temperature of 10 ℃, and observing and counting the germination rate to determine the optimal seed soaking time, the optimal low-temperature resistant substances and the optimal concentrations thereof.
After the tobacco seeds are treated by different chemical substances and different seed soaking time, the germination rate is shown in table 1, which is formed byAs can be seen from the table, the tobacco seeds treated by the selected substances have the low temperature resistance, the single substances have the optimal seed soaking concentration in the aspect of low temperature resistance, the germination effect of the hydrogen peroxide single substance seed soaking seeds is not as good as that of the salicylic acid seed soaking effect, but the comprehensive use effect is far better than that of the single use effect, the germination rate reaches about 90 percent, and the germination rate is 30mmol/LH2O2The ratio of +0.4mmol/LSA is optimal, the germination rate reaches 95 percent after 23 days,
40mmol/LH2O2+0.2mmol/LSA, germination rate up to 89%, 35mmol/LH2O2The germination rate of +0.3mmol/LSA reaches 90%, and researches show that the hydrogen peroxide solution is acidic, so that the seed coat permeability can be increased, growth regulators or nutrient substances can rapidly enter the seeds, and in the experiment, the proper hydrogen peroxide concentration can accelerate the permeation of SA, so that the seeds generate stress reaction in a short time, and the seeds are promoted to synthesize corresponding substances, thereby resisting injury and improving the cold resistance.
2.2 Germination results of pelletized seeds with Hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid combination initiation and initiation Return to dryness treatment
The experiment is placed in a low-temperature environment of 18 ℃ for germination tests, and as shown in table 2, the germination speed and the seed vigor index of each treatment are obviously improved compared with those of the reference, wherein the germination speed and the seed vigor index of the seeds are obviously improved compared with those of the other treatments by the treatment of T2 and T3, and the repeated germination rate is over 90 percent.
2.3 test results of the influence of different storage conditions and time of the pelleted tobacco seeds on the seed germination rate
Randomly taking 100 clean seeds, putting the seeds into a filter paper culture dish, and uniformly spacing the seeds. And (3) keeping the temperature to 25 ℃ to determine the germination rate, taking the length of extending radicle and equal length of seed as the germination standard, and taking the average value of the statistics by adopting 4 times of repetition.
From the different treatment conditions, the germination rates of the germination accelerating coated seeds change in the table 3, the germination rates of the seeds of the germination accelerating coated seeds are gradually reduced along with the increase of the storage time under the three different treatment conditions, but the trend difference of the reduction of the different conditions is large, the germination rates of the seeds are basically not reduced after the seeds are stored for 2-4 months, the germination rates of the seeds are gradually reduced after the seeds are stored for 4 months, and from the data, compared with the treatment that no potassium fulvic acid is added to the coating, the seeds begin to germinate after about 3 days after the potassium fulvic acid is added, the germination time is advanced, and from the data, the germination rates of the seeds of other treatment conditions are reduced to be less than 90 percent after the seeds are stored for 6 months, and NaHCO is used3The treated seeds can still maintain more than 90 percent of germination rate after being stored for 6 months, and NaHCO can be seen3The treatment is beneficial to prolonging the storage life of the priming seeds, ensuring the production requirement, reducing the cost and reducing the waste.
The test also carries out a field planting test, the field environment is influenced by multiple aspects, a plurality of uncontrollable factors influence the normal germination of the tobacco seeds, the low temperature is an important factor influencing the spring seedling raising, the seeds are treated in the early 3 months and the control seeds are sowed in the field, the seeds of the treatment group emerge at 6 d, and the seeds of the control group emerge at 14 d. In the southwest area of Guizhou, 3 months in 2020, the average air temperature is 13.3 ℃, and the precipitation is more in the east and less in the west; sunshine hours are more in the west and less in the east. In the part of the month, weather processes such as strong wind, hail, rainstorm, thunder and lightning occur, great influence is caused on the seedlings, but the tobacco seedlings in the treatment group grow well and are strong and neat. The control group had poor seedling vigor of tobacco seedlings. Therefore, the pelleted seed treated by the initiator and the initiation drying-back treatment has good cold resistance.
Claims (6)
1. A method of priming tobacco seeds for extended storage time comprising the steps of:
(1) initiating the tobacco seeds by using an initiator for 48 hours, and then performing primary drying;
(2) drying the initiated tobacco seeds until the moisture content is not more than 50%, soaking the tobacco seeds for 10-15h by using 0.3-0.4% NaHCO3, and performing secondary drying until the moisture content of the tobacco seeds is 4-5%;
(3) the tobacco seeds are coated and pelletized by using a coating agent, and then vacuum-stored by using a packaging bag.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the initiator used in step (1) is 30-40mmol/LH2O2+0.2-0.4mmol/LSA。
3. The method for initiating the storage of tobacco seeds for an extended period of time as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coating agent of step (3) is attapulgite powder, talc and potassium fulvate.
4. A method for pelleting tobacco seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the attapulgite powder and the potassium fulvate in a stirrer according to a ratio, and stirring at a rotating speed of 150/min for 40-50 min; then placing the tobacco seeds into a coating machine for primary coating and pelleting, wherein the diameter of the tobacco seeds is pelleted from 0.3-0.4 mm to 0.8-1.0 mm;
(2) sieving the primarily pelleted tobacco seeds by a sieving machine, feeding the tobacco seeds with the diameter of 0.8-1.0 mm into a final seed coating machine, and coating and pelleting by adopting talcum powder, wherein the diameter of the finally coated and pelleted tobacco seeds reaches 1.8-2.3 mm;
(3) sieving the finally coated and pelletized tobacco seeds, and drying the tobacco seeds with the diameter of 1.8-2.3 mm in a boiling granulator, wherein the water content of the dried tobacco seeds is controlled to be 5-8 wt%;
(4) and (4) putting the dried tobacco seeds into a packaging machine for vacuum packaging.
5. The method for pelleting the tobacco seed coating according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of the attapulgite powder to the potassium fulvate formula is 50: 1.
6. the method for initiating the storage of the tobacco seeds for the prolonged period of time according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the attapulgite powder is ultra-fine attapulgite powder which is dried at a high temperature of 220 to 230 ℃ and has a mesh size of 1000 to 1200 meshes.
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